Development of thyroid pathology in medical workers with chronic exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation

Introduction. The literature review deals with the effects of ionizing radiation and radiation on the body of medical personnel.Materials and methods. 50 actual sources were analyzed. The relevance of the study of the constant, long-term influence of low doses of radiation is shown, in view of the increasing use of sources of ionizing radiation in various fields of scientific and practical human activity, including medicine.Results. Thanks to the analysis of numerous literature data, it was revealed that operating doctors, who are faced in their work with sources of ionizing radiation, often do not have a sufficient level of protection of the thyroid tissue from radiation. It was revealed that the overwhelming majority of studies highlighting thyroid pathology in medical personnel working with X-rays are aimed at identifying the risks of thyroid cancer and does not take into account the pathology of non-tumor genesis. Analyzed the data of scientific publications, allowing to draw a conclusion about the effects of chronic exposure to ionizing radiation, namely X-rays, in low doses on the thyroid tissue from a morphological and functional point of view.Discussion. It was established on the basis of the analysis of experimental data that under the influence of low-dose X-ray radiation, the intercellular contacts of thyrocytes are disconnected, which can lead to a decrease in the synthesis of thyroid hormones and, as a consequence, to the development of hypothyroidism.Conclusion. Based on the analysis of the experimental data, it has been established that under the influence of low-dose X-rays there is a disconnection of intercellular contacts of thyrocytes, which may lead to a decrease in the synthesis of thyroid hormones and, consequently, to the development of hypothyroidism.

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Safety in pediatric imaging: an update

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1177/0284185113477399 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 54 (9) ◽

pp. 983-990 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Owen John Arthurs ◽

Alvhild Alette Bj⊘rkum

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Knowledge Base ◽

Low Dose ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Scientific Data ◽

X Rays ◽

Pediatric Imaging ◽

Medical Exposure ◽

Ct And Mri

Many assumptions are made when imaging children. In particular a judgement is made regarding how safe or unsafe each imaging modality is, using relatively arbitrary definitions and distinctions, due to the lack of robust scientific data. Here, the latest evidence is reviewed, particularly regarding the medical exposure to ionizing radiation (X-rays and CT) and MRI in childhood. The best evidence currently available suggests a small but convincing risk of cumulative low-dose ionizing radiation in children. Given our predictions for the children imaged today, it seems reasonable to pursue non-ionizing-based techniques wherever possible, although there is emerging evidence that MRI and ultrasound may have hitherto unknown effects. As our knowledge base expands, we must continually review our practice in light of the latest scientific data.

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Application of Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation in Medical Therapies

Dose-Response ◽

10.1177/1559325819895739 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 155932581989573 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jerry M. Cuttler

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Low Dose ◽

Medical Profession ◽

Case Reports ◽

Damage Control ◽

Bone Sarcoma ◽

High Rate ◽

X Rays ◽

The Public ◽

Internal Sources

The discovery of X-rays and radioactivity in 1895/1896 triggered a flood of studies and applications of radiation in medicine that continues to this day. They started with imaging fractures/organs and progressed to treating diseases by exposing areas to radiation from external and internal sources. By definition, low-dose treatments stimulate damage control (or adaptive protection) systems that remedy diseases. Publications are identified on low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) therapies for different cancers, infections, inflammations, and autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. The high rate of endogenous DNA damage, due to leakage of oxygen from aerobic metabolism, and the damage control systems that deal with this are discussed. Their stimulation and inhibition by radiation are described. The radium dial painter studies revealed the radium ingestion threshold for malignancy and the dose threshold for bone sarcoma. The radiation scare that misled the medical profession and the public is a barrier to LDIR therapies. Many studies on nasal radium irradiation demonstrated that children are not unduly radiation sensitive. Omissions in the medical textbooks misinform physicians about the effects of LDIR therapy, which blocks clinical trials to determine optimal doses, efficacy, and thresholds for onset of harm. Information from many recent case reports on LDIR therapies, including successes with radon therapy, is provided.

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Health Risks From Low Doses and Low Dose-Rates of Ionizing Radiation. Session 5

Health Physics ◽

10.1097/hp.0000000000000472 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 110 (3) ◽

pp. 260-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Donald A. Cool

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Health Risks ◽

Low Dose ◽

Low Doses ◽

Dose Rates

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Sister-chromatid exchanges induced by mitomycin C after acute or chronic exposure of human lymphocytes to a low dose of X-rays

Mutation Research Letters ◽

10.1016/0165-7992(89)90098-5 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 227 (4) ◽

pp. 207-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

J.E. Moquet ◽

J.S. Prosser ◽

A.A. Edwards ◽

D.C. Lloyd

Keyword(s):

Mitomycin C ◽

Sister Chromatid ◽

Chronic Exposure ◽

Low Dose ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Sister Chromatid Exchanges ◽

X Rays ◽

Chromatid Exchanges

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2015 Health Physics Society Symposium, 13–14 July 2015, Health Risks From Low Doses and Low Dose-Rates of Ionizing Radiation

Health Physics ◽

10.1097/hp.0000000000000471 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 110 (3) ◽

pp. 241-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Antone L. Brooks ◽

William F. Morgan ◽

Ludwig E. Feinendegen

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Health Risks ◽

Low Dose ◽

Low Doses ◽

Health Physics ◽

Dose Rates ◽

Society Symposium

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Sparsely Ionizing Diagnostic and Natural Background Radiations are Likely Preventing Cancer and other Genomic-Instability-Associated Diseases

Dose-Response ◽

10.2203/dose-response.06-002.scott ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. dose-response.0 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Bobby R. Scott ◽

Jennifer Di Palma

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Medicine ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Low Dose ◽

Diagnostic Procedures ◽

The Body ◽

X Rays ◽

Environmental Radiation ◽

Background Radiations ◽

Radiation Hormesis ◽

Apoptosis Process

Routine diagnostic X-rays (e.g., chest X-rays, mammograms, computed tomography scans) and routine diagnostic nuclear medicine procedures using sparsely ionizing radiation forms (e.g., beta and gamma radiations) stimulate the removal of precancerous neoplastically transformed and other genomically unstable cells from the body (medical radiation hormesis). The indicated radiation hormesis arises because radiation doses above an individual-specific stochastic threshold activate a system of cooperative protective processes that include high-fidelity DNA repair/apoptosis (presumed p53 related), an auxiliary apoptosis process (PAM process) that is presumed p53-independent, and stimulated immunity. These forms of induced protection are called adapted protection because they are associated with the radiation adaptive response. Diagnostic X-ray sources, other sources of sparsely ionizing radiation used in nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures, as well as radioisotope-labeled immunoglobulins could be used in conjunction with apoptosis-sensitizing agents (e.g., the natural phenolic compound resveratrol) in curing existing cancer via low-dose fractionated or low-dose, low-dose-rate therapy (therapeutic radiation hormesis). Evidence is provided to support the existence of both therapeutic (curing existing cancer) and medical (cancer prevention) radiation hormesis. Evidence is also provided demonstrating that exposure to environmental sparsely ionizing radiations, such as gamma rays, protect from cancer occurrence and the occurrence of other diseases via inducing adapted protection (environmental radiation hormesis).

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Characterization of the Adaptive Response to Ionizing Radiation Induced by Low Doses of X Rays to Human Lymphocytes

Radiation Research ◽

10.2307/3576936 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 111 (3) ◽

pp. 511 ◽

Cited By ~ 191

Author(s):

Jeffery D. Shadley ◽

Veena Afzal ◽

Sheldon Wolff

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Adaptive Response ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Low Doses ◽

X Rays ◽

Radiation Induced

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Risks Associated with Low Doses and Low Dose Rates of Ionizing Radiation: Why Linearity May Be (Almost) the Best We Can Do

Radiology ◽

10.1148/radiol.2511081686 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 251 (1) ◽

pp. 6-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 212

Author(s):

Mark P. Little ◽

Richard Wakeford ◽

E. Janet Tawn ◽

Simon D. Bouffler ◽

Amy Berrington de Gonzalez

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Low Dose ◽

Low Doses ◽

Dose Rates

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Low dose whole Lung Therapy for patients with SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) Pneumonitis

City Healthcare ◽

10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2021.v2i1;70-78 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 70-78

Author(s):

Pavel D. Pankov ◽

Magomet KH. Salpagarov ◽

Natalia N. Yakovleva ◽

Alexey V. Andronov ◽

Grigory А. Baranov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Dose ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Atypical Pneumonia ◽

Low Doses ◽

X Rays ◽

X Ray ◽

Lung Irradiation ◽

Whole Lung Irradiation

In this article provides an overview of publications by foreign authors of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and introduce a modified treatment method for COVID-19-associated pneumonia. X-ray therapy was used to treat pneumonia during the first half of the 20th century. Fifteen studies report that approximately 700 cases of bacterial (lobar and bronchopneumonia), sulfanilamide non-responsive, interstitial, and atypical pneumonia were effectively treated by low doses of X-rays, leading to disease resolution, based on clinical symptoms, objective disease biomarkers, and mortality incidence. The capacity of the X-ray treatment to reduce mortality was similar to serum therapy and sulfonamide treatment during the same time period. The mechanism by which the X-ray treatment acts upon pneumonia involves the induction of an anti-inflammatory phenotype that leads to a rapid reversal of clinical symptoms. The capacity of low doses of X-rays to suppress inflammatory responses is a significant new concept for treatment COVID-19 pneumonitis. Low dose whole lung irradiation may be a potential solution in the present time. International research organization and the International Geriatric Radiotherapy Group (http://www.igrg.org) proposed a simple and practical protocol for Low dose whole lung irradiation to allow participation of all countries in the world regardless of their resources and made available to the whole world community for treatment COVID-19 pneumonitis.

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