scholarly journals To study the relation between constipation and Majja dhatu mala, a literary review.

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravin Chandak ◽  
Anand B. More
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Anal Fissures ◽  
Incomplete Evacuation ◽  
Bowel Movements

Constipation is major problem in the society. It refers to bowel movements that are infrequent or hard to pass1The stool  is often hard and dry may be associated with abdominal pain ,bloating , and feeling of  incomplete evacuation. Constipation may cause hemorrhoids or anal fissures. Forceful evacuation or taking  purgatives to pass the stool is very common thing we found in society. Actually passage of stool is very natural process and it should not be forced or painful. But it should be like hot knife cut through butter. According to Ayurveda stool is the solid waste generated after digestion of food , it is called as major digestion. As well as in the minor digestion i.e. metabolic leveled digestion Majja Dhatu Mala (waste product in formation of Majja Dhatu) is generated, which helps smooth passage of stool.

Rectal Bleeding

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 272-272
Author(s):  
E. IDE SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Anal Fissure ◽  
Rectal Bleeding ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Additional Problem ◽  
Anal Fissures ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
Rule Out

After reading "Rectal Bleeding in Childhood" by Hillemeier (PIR 5:35, 1983), I would like to raise a question concerning the child with lower rectal bleeding and a demonstrable anal fissure. In the article, the statement is made, "Once the determination has been made that the child has rectal bleeding from the lower GI tract, an endoscopic procedure is required." I would question the necessity of endoscopy with its additional complexity and definite increased costs as a requirement in the treatment of children with anal fissures. Obviously, some clinical judgment is necessary as the presence of an anal fissure does not rule out disease above, but in many clinical situations, a diagnosis can be made and appropriate therapy can be initiated without endoscopy. An additional problem, which has occurred frequently in my experience, is that many of the children with anal fissures have considerable constipated stool present at the time of their visit and the endoscopy requires an additional visit. In the absence of abdominal pain or any evidence of significant bleeding and in a clinical setting that is confirmatory of an anal fissure, I would suggest that a demonstrable fissure may be treated without endoscopy.

scholarly journals VALUE CHAIN DEVELOPMENT AS ALTERNATIVE METHOD FOR MAPPING WASTE MANAGEMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saiful Hakim ◽  
Imam Baihaqi ◽  
Aang Kunaifi
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
New Form

Solid Waste management begin at the household as waste of consumption and ended as a new form of waste product or recycling. Based on its value chain the subsequent process will have distict differences with manufacturing product. Value chain of manufacturing product will characterize as value added chain along the chain, where every side of the chain will generate positive chain. In the other hand, some parties of waste management value chain will negative value existed. Some parties in this chain will generate negative value solely because they must establish some cost for wipe the waste. Dissimilarities between value chain on product and waste will contribute to discrepancy between parties. Main purpose of this research is to identify value chain from solid waste management using value chain development. Another purpose to accomplished is to resolve discrepancy in value chain.  Research results shown that household is the parties that experiences negative value. To minimize the discrepancies there should be an action towards household

scholarly journals Development of a Combined Leaching and Ion-Exchange System for Valorisation of Spent Potlining Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 5467-5481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Robshaw ◽  
Keith Bonser ◽  
Glyn Coxhill ◽  
Robert Dawson ◽  
Mark D. Ogden
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Exchange System ◽  
Fixed Bed Column ◽  
Chemical Leaching ◽  
Global Challenge

Abstract This work aims to contribute to addressing the global challenge of recycling and valorising spent potlining; a hazardous solid waste product of the aluminium smelting industry. This has been achieved using a simple two-step chemical leaching treatment of the waste, using dilute lixiviants, namely NaOH, H2O2 and H2SO4, and at ambient temperature. The potlining and resulting leachate were characterised by spectroscopy and microscopy to determine the success of the treatment, as well as the morphology and mineralogy of the solid waste. This confirmed that the potlining samples were a mixture of contaminated graphite and refractory materials, with high variability of composition. A large quantity of fluoride was solublised by the leaching process, as well as numerous metals, some of them toxic. The acidic and caustic leachates were combined and the aluminium and fluoride components were selectively extracted, using a modified ion-exchange resin, in fixed-bed column experiments. The resin performed above expectations, based on previous studies, which used a simulant feed, extracting fluoride efficiently from leachates of significantly different compositions. Finally, the fluoride and aluminium were coeluted from the column, using NaOH as the eluent, creating an enriched aqueous stream, relatively free from contaminants, from which recovery of synthetic cryolite can be attempted. Overall, the study accomplished several steps in the development of a fully-realised spent potlining treatment system. Graphic Abstract

Removal of reactive dyes by a solid waste product from food processing: crayfish carapace

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (28-30) ◽  
pp. 5541-5552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuntao Wang ◽  
Shishuai Wang ◽  
Jieqiong Lei ◽  
Hao Sun ◽  
Weiping Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Reactive Dyes

scholarly journals P110 Symptomology and most bothersome symptoms among pediatric Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis patients: Results from a physician and patient survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S202-S203
Author(s):  
J Dotson ◽  
T Hunter ◽  
R Lukanova ◽  
W Crandall ◽  
W Komocsar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Patient Survey ◽  
School Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bowel Movements

Abstract Background Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic gastrointestinal diseases, which often present during one’s most productive years. The objective of this study was to assess the symptomology and most bothersome symptoms of pediatric CD and UC patients. Methods Data from a cross-sectional survey of physicians and their pediatric CD and UC patients (age 2–17 years) conducted in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom, Japan, and United States were analyzed. Data were collected in 2019–2020 via physician-completed patient record forms and patient-self completed forms. Patients age 12–17 years completed their own questionnaires, while caregivers of younger children completed their respective questionnaires. Patient demographics and current symptoms were reported by physicians, while the most bothersome symptoms were reported by the patient/caregiver. All descriptive analyses were conducted for CD and UC patients separately. Results Data from 1,213 CD patients and 1,162 UC patients were included in this analysis. CD patients had a mean age of 12.8 years, 59.5% were male, 75.5% were Caucasian and had a mean sPCDAI score of 10.7. Similarly, UC patients had a mean age of 12.9 years, 54.0% were male, 71.0% were Caucasian, and had a mean PUCAI score of 23.7. The majority of CD (94.9%) and UC patients (94.6%) were currently enrolled in school/education; however, 68.3% of CD and 61.1% of UC patients indicated that they have missed school/education because of their IBD symptoms. Abdominal pain was the most frequently reported symptoms among CD (41.9%) and UC (38.6%) patients. CD and UC patients reported abdominal pain, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and bowel urgency as their most bothersome symptoms. Conclusion Pediatric CD and UC patients experience multiple symptoms with the most bothersome symptoms being related to abdominal pain and bowel movements. These symptoms may impact pediatric CD and UC patients’ daily lives and cause them to miss school.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTl0N RESULTING FROM OLIVE OIL PRODUCTION IN PALESTINE

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Awni Khatib ◽  
Fathi Aqra ◽  
Nader Yaghi ◽  
Sobhi Basheer ◽  
Isam Sabbah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Wastewater Generation

The level of the environmental impact of olive oil production in Palestine was evaluated by measuring the parameters: pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), the concentration of fat; oil, and grease (FOG), phenols, electric conductivity (EC) total phosphorus (T-P), and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN, and compared with the Jordanian standard values. The results show that the value of these parameters are too high. A local survey has also been conducted by designing a questionnaire that covers oil production yield, water consumptions in olive washing and in oil recovery, wastewater generation relative to olive processed and oil generated, and solid waste product: The data were collected from 92 local olive oil mills, which were analyzed and organized according to the investigated parameters, and categorized according to local selected areas in the West Bank such as Hebron (South), Nablus (Center) and Jenine (North). The results revealed local variations in oil yield and solid waste product due to variations in the type of olive produced. The olives from the South were found to contain larger solid content than those from the North, .resulting in lower oil yield. The overall results indicated that the average oil yield was 23.7%, the solid waste product was 40.0% while the remaining balance was. the water. content (36.7%) in the olive fruit. A representative value at 1.7 m3/ton for wastewater generation was found to be high compared to similar values in other places of the world. This requires a criterious review of the technology and operation of olive mills in Palestine. The characteristics of OMW were found to violate the standards for OMW and this requires the attention of authorities.

scholarly journals Can You Diagnose the Cause of This Patient’s Diarrhea?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Trail, PA-C
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Dietary Modification ◽  
Trial Protocol ◽  
Clinical Trial Protocol ◽  
Bowel Movements

This article will review the case of a 53-year-old female with a diagnosis of metastatic esophageal cancer receiving treatment on a clinical trial protocol combining chemotherapy/immunotherapy with FOLFOX and nivolumab, who presents to the clinic with 2 weeks of progressively worsening diarrhea. She experienced up to 12 loosely formed to watery bowel movements that were brown in color, not malodorous, and did not float. She also experienced associated abdominal pain and cramping, but denied fever, malaise, nausea, or vomiting. Vital signs were stable. Labs and CT chest, abdomen, and pelvis did not reveal a definitive cause. Dietary modification with a bland diet and loperamide did not significantly improved her symptoms.

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