scholarly journals Review about Adhyashana as a causative factor in Grahanidushti from Charak Samhita.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinita Subodh Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Causative Factor ◽  
Complete Digestion ◽  
Long Course

ABSTRACT :           Grahanidushti or Grahaniroga is associated with group of disorders caused due to Agnidushti. Grahani is an organ described in Ayurveda texts as a Sthana of Agni where the Agni is placed. Grahani and Agni are said to be inter-related i.e. if one gets vitiated it vitiates other too in long course of time. The Sthiti or state of Agni depends upon Ahara which is a major important part of life which is included in Trayopastambha (key pillars). For that Ayurveda broadly explains Ahara-Vidhi which is the rules and manners for preparing and having food. Vidhi-tyaga or not following these manners for long term give rise to Agnidushti which further give rise to Grahaniroga. One of these Vidhi-Tyaga hetu is Adhyashana which is having food before the digestion of previously ingested food. Ayurevda explains Jeernashana as a Vidhi which is to have food after the complete digestion of previous food. Incidence of Adhyashana has increased as increasing modernization of society. Also, the incidence of Grahaniroga has increased very much and both should be addressed. As the treatment for Grahaniroga is Agni-Vardhana or Deepana, Hetu- Privarjana i.e. avoiding causative factor is very important. To address this, an attempt is made to review Adhyashana in Grahanidushti.  

scholarly journals Long-Term Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Rectal Cancer After Preoperative Short-Course and Long-Course (Chemo) Radiotherapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. e93-e99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisette M. Wiltink ◽  
Remi A. Nout ◽  
Jochem R.N. van der Voort van Zyp ◽  
Heleen M. Ceha ◽  
Marta Fiocco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Long Course

Liver: A Target of Late Diabetic Complications

2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (04) ◽  
pp. 202-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Herzig
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Transcriptional Regulators ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Late Complications ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Diabetic Late Complications

AbstractWhereas many studies have implicated metabolic liver dysfunction as a causative factor for obesity-related type 2 diabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome, its role as a long-term complication of diabetic metabolism is still mostly unexplored.In contrast to the well-described late diabetic micro- and macro-vascular complications in response to hyperglycemic conditions such as nephro- and retinopathy as well as atherosclerosis, only recent studies have highlighted disturbances of liver function as a novel aspect of diabetic late complications that may substantially impact the overall disease outcome and determine mortality rates in diabetic subjects. Here we will discuss recent developments in this area, particularly focusing on transcriptional regulators of hepatic dysfunction as a long-term consequence of established diabetes.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: Predicting long-term outcomes based on response to treatment.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 621-621
Author(s):  
Kirsten Elizabeth Jean Laws ◽  
Christina Wilson ◽  
David McIntosh ◽  
Stephen Harrow
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Preoperative Staging ◽  
Neoadjuvant Treatment ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy ◽  
Combined Modality Treatment ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Node Positive ◽  
Long Course

621 Background: Neoadjuvant long course chemoradiotherapy is well recognised as a standard treatment in locally advanced, margin threatening rectal cancer, in order to downstage and reduce local recurrence. We investigated retrospectively whether long term outcomes could be predicted by response to neoadjuvant treatment, and which factors specifically seemed to predict a risk of poorer outcome. Methods: All patients treated with long course chemoradiotherapy between January 2008 and December 2009 were identified retrospectively. Patients were excluded if the treatment indication was for inoperable disease, postoperative, recurrence, or palliative intent. A total of 231 patients were analysed with retrospective analysis of all electronic records and case notes. The following information was collated: preoperative staging, chemoradiotherapy treatment planned and received, operation performed, postoperative pathology (including nodal status, margins, presence of LVSI, and evidence of response to neoadjuvant treatment), disease free survival, and overall survival. Results: Kaplan Meier curves are presented showing patients with either a complete or partial response to neoadjuvant treatment appear to have a statistically significant improvement in long term outcomes, compared to those with no response (Mean survival 55 months, 56 months and 43months respectively, p<0.01). Furthermore, those who remain node positive or have evidence of LVSI following neoadjuvant treatment appear to have a statistically significant poorer outcome. Conclusions: Our study further develops on previous work looking at the prediction of outcomes following response to neoadjuvant treatment in rectal cancer. It appears that those who respond to initial treatment will have a better outcome than those who do not, including those who remain node positive or with LVSI following treatment. This study is limited because it is retrospective. Randomised controlled trial data is required to enable identification of poor risk imaging and pathology features that might suggest the need for adjuvant therapy following combined modality treatment with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery.

scholarly journals Localization of recurrent lesions ileocolic resection for Crohn's disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Ikeuchi ◽  
Motoi Uchino ◽  
Toshihiro Bando ◽  
Yuki Horio ◽  
Ryuichi Kuwahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Bowel Resection ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Anastomotic Site ◽  
Ileocolic Resection ◽  
Initial Surgery

Abstract Background Crohn’s disease (CD) recurrence can occur not only at the site of anastomosis but also elsewhere in the bowel following ileocolic resection (ICR). The aims of the present study were to assess long-term outcomes of a primary ICR procedure for CD in consecutive patients and examine the location of the reoperation causative lesion. Methods We examined cases of surgery with ICR initially performed at our institution. Those with a simultaneous multiple bowel resection or bowel resection with strictureplasty were excluded. Results A total of 169 patients who underwent ICR due to CD were enrolled. The median follow-up period was 12.6 years (range 4–27 years). A reoperation was needed in 45 (26.6%), of whom 14 had lesions causative of the reoperation at other than the anastomotic site. The most common causative lesion location was in the colon rather than the oral side of the small intestine. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between presence of residual lesions following the initial surgery and lesions causative of reoperation. In the group without residual disease (n = 31), 29.0% (n = 9) had non-anastomotic lesions involved in indications for reoperation, while that was 35.7% (n = 5) in the group with residual disease (n = 14). Conclusions Anastomotic site lesion is not the only causative factor for reoperation following ICR. Regular examinations and applicable treatment with awareness that the cause of reoperation is not limited to the site of anastomosis are important in these cases.

scholarly journals Evaluation of potential meteorological triggers of large landslides in sensitive glaciomarine clay, eastern Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3359-3375 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gauthier ◽  
D. J. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Causative Factor ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Antecedent Precipitation ◽  
Landslide Event ◽  
Precipitation Threshold ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Several Intervals

Abstract. Heavy rains spread over some interval preceding large landslides in sensitive glaciomarine clay in eastern Canada are often noted as a triggering or causative factor in case studies or research reports for individual landslides, although the quantity or duration of the triggering rain event has never been characterized adequately. We selected five large landslide events that occurred in the glaciomarine clay in eastern Canada, and calculated cumulative antecedent precipitation for intervals ranging between one and 365 days preceding each event. We also calculated the antecedent precipitation values for every other day in the record, and computed the relative rank of the landslide day within the complete record. Our results show that several intervals for each landslide event are highly ranked – including those preceding a presumably earthquake-triggered landslide – but overall the rankings were highly variable, ranging between 99% and 6%. The set of highest-ranking intervals are unique for each event, including both short and long-term cumulative precipitation. All of the landslides occurred in the spring months, and the release of sequestered surface and ground water during the spring ground thaw may be related to the timing of the large landslides, so that the evolution of ground frost in the early winter may be of interest for landslide prediction. We found no simple precipitation threshold for triggering large landslides in sensitive glaciomarine clay in eastern Canada, suggesting that some complex temporal and spatial combination of pre-conditions, external energy (e.g. earthquakes), precipitation triggers and other factors such as ground frost formation and thaw are required to trigger a landslide.

scholarly journals Competition-Based Success Factors During the Talent Pathway of Elite Male Swimmers

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis-Peter Born ◽  
Ishbel Lomax ◽  
Stephan Horvath ◽  
Elena Meisser ◽  
Philipp Seidenschwarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Success Factors ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Talent Development ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Performance Variation ◽  
M 31 ◽  
Long Course

Marginal differences in race results between top swimmers have evoked the interest in competition-based success factors of long-term athlete development. To identify novel factors for the multi-dimensional model of talent development, the aim of the study was to investigate annual variation in competition performance (ACV), number of races per year, and age. Therefore, 45,398 race results of all male participants (n = 353) competing in individual events, i.e., butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, freestyle, and individual medley, at the 2018 European Long-Course Swimming Championships (2018EC) were analyzed retrospectively for all 10 years prior to the championships with Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis. Higher ranked swimmers at the 2018EC showed significant medium correlations with a greater number of races per year and small but significant correlations with higher ACV in 10 and nine consecutive years, respectively, prior to the championships. Additionally, better swimmers were older than their lower ranked peers (r = −0.21, p &lt; 0.001). Regression model explained a significant proportion of 2018EC ranking for 50 m (47%), 100 m (45%), 200 m (31%), and 400 m races (29%) but not for 800 and 1,500 m races with number of races having the largest effect followed by age and ACV. In conclusion, higher performance variation with results off the personal best in some races did not impair success at the season's main event and young competitors at international championships may benefit from success chances that increase with age. The higher number of races swum per year throughout the career of higher ranked swimmers may have provided learning opportunities and specific adaptations. Future studies should quantify these success factors in a multi-dimensional talent development model.

Influence of original anticonvulsant on pharmacometabolizing function of liver in patients with alcoholism

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1283-1283
Author(s):  
T. Shushpanova ◽  
V. Semke ◽  
T.P. Novozheyeva ◽  
V. Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Alcoholism ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Hypermetabolic State ◽  
Oxidative Processes ◽  
Long Course ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

ObjectiveWe investigated effect of long-term dosing of original anticonvulsant Galodif® (derivative of meta-chlor-benzhydrilourea). On activity of liver cytochrome P-450 system of alcoholics.Methods68 patients with alcoholism were examined. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with method of statistical moments of K. Yamaoka.ResultsIn chronic alcoholism elimination of antipirine becomes slower. Examined by us patients had enough long term of alcoholization and we may suppose that acceleration of elimination of antipirine, occurring at the onset of disease was replaced by some suppression of activity of microsomal monooxigenases; accordingly, elimination of model connection has become slower. This supposition corresponds to data about decrease of consumption of oxygen and suppression of oxidative processes in chronic alcoholization both in experimental animals and people. Hypermetabolic state is observed at the onset of disease conditioning probably increase of tolerance toward alcohol, xenobiotics resistance and high resistance of organism. Subsequently exhaustion of adaptive mechanisms occurs and possibly hypermetabolic state disappears. This is confirmed by decrease of tolerance toward alcohol during long course of illness. In addition, it should be taken into account that liver hypermetabolism is mostly expressed in alcohol withdrawal syndrome.ConclusionThe higher background of activity of monooxigenases system of liver is at baseline, the major degree of manifestation of inducer is and vice versa. It is possible that reinforcement of reactivity of microsomal monooxigenases of liver of alcoholics toward Galodif is associated with synergetic action of preparation-inducer and ethanol.

Wegener's Granulomatosis Long-Term Results of Treatment

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Illum ◽  
Karen Thorling
Keyword(s):  
Wegener’S Granulomatosis ◽  
Wegener's Granulomatosis ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Long Course ◽  
Tentative Diagnosis

Seventeen patients with Wegener's granulomatosis are presented. The very complex clinical features are outlined. A recently suggested new classification (ELK-classification) is applied. Fourteen patients were treated with cytotoxic agents and steroids, 12 of these receiving 6-mercaptopurine. Of the ten patients still alive, eight are in remission with treatment withdrawn in three cases. The duration of the treatment is discussed. The results are largely satisfactory, but the course of the disease is still capricious. Progression to a higher step in the ELK-classification has been observed in several cases and a number of serious sequelae to the disease are recorded. The initial symptoms of Wegener's granulomatosis are varied and uncharacteristic, and it is important to bear this disease in mind when patients with a long course of apparently trivial infections or peculiar constellations of symptoms from several organs are encountered. Repeated biopsies from the respiratory tract are important in order to establish the diagnosis, but treatment should not be delayed in cases where only a tentative diagnosis can be made on the basis of a reasonably typical clinical picture, even with a negative histological response.

scholarly journals Features of short-term and long-term infusion therapy: review of the vascular access technologies from the point of view of the nurse. Catheterization of peripheral veins

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-62
Author(s):  
Ye.V. Hryzhymalskyi
Keyword(s):  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Venous Access ◽  
Infusion Therapy ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Short Term ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vein Diameter ◽  
Teflon Catheter ◽  
Long Course

Background. Infusion therapy (IT) has a number of features that both doctors and nurses need to know. IT can be performed via a needle, a peripheral intravenous catheter (PIC), and an implanted system for long-term infusions (ISLI). Objective. To describe the features of short-term and long-term IT. Materials and methods. Analysis of literature sources on this topic. Results and discussion. First of all, every healthcare worker should remember that the patient should be identified before any manipulation and then the procedure may start. IT via the needle has a number of disadvantages: complications due to the frequent punctures and prolonged stay of needle in the vein; limited possibility of long-term IT; increased risk of needle injuries among medical staff. The advantages of PIC above needle include the lower risk of infection, better safety, the possibility of rapid administration of drugs in various combinations, easy use of IT and parenteral nutrition, and the ability to monitor central venous pressure. PIC are classified by the presence of an additional injection port, by the material from which they are made, by the shape of the needle tip sharpening, by the visibility on X-ray and size. Venoport Plus (“Yuria-Pharm”) is an elastic teflon catheter with a low coefficient of surface friction, X-ray contrast strips and the possibility of a long stay in a vein (up to 72 hours). The advantages of the Venoport Plus PIC are the adaptive shape of the cap, the optimal inclination angle and SMART SLOT – a hole near the tip of the needle, which allows you to visualize the blood between the catheter and the needle without waiting for it to appear in the indicator chamber. The most suitable for the PIC placement veins are located on the outside of the hand and on the inner surface of the forearm. It is recommended to use the ulnar vein only for laboratory blood sampling and emergency medical care. When choosing PIC one should take into account the vein diameter, necessary speed of infusion, potential time of stay of a catheter in a vein, and features of the infused solution. After installing PIC, it is advisable to use special transparent aseptic bandages. Bandage replacement is performed as needed; daily replacement is not required. After PIC installation and after infusion, PIC should be washed with 0.9 % NaCl, heparin (1:100 dilution), or Soda-Bufer solution (“Yuria-Pharm”). If the catheter is not used, washing should be performed once a day. ISLI Yu-Port (“Yuria-Pharm”) provides long-term venous access and can be used if the patient needs multiple administrations of drugs during a long course of therapy. Conclusions. 1. IT can be conducted via a needle, PIC, or ISLI. 2. The advantages of PIC over the needle injection are lower risk of infection, better safety, the possibility of rapid administration of drugs in various combinations, facilitated use of IT and parenteral nutrition, and the ability to monitor central venous pressure. 3. PIC Venoport Plus (“Yuria-Pharm”) is an elastic teflon catheter with an adaptive shape of the cap and the optimal angle. 4. When choosing PIC one should take into account the vein diameter, the required speed of infusion, the potential time of stay of a catheter in a vein, and the features of the infused solution. 5. ISLI Yu-Port provides long-term venous access and can be used if necessary for the multiple administrations of drugs during a long course of therapy.

scholarly journals The possible role of molecular mimicry in SARS-CoV-2-mediated autoimmunity: an immunobiochemical basis

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. e560
Author(s):  
Dženan Kovačić ◽  
Jovana Jotanović ◽  
Jasmina Laković
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mimicry ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Autoimmune Conditions ◽  
First Time

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), persists as a threat to global health and continues to be a rapidly evolving condition. Although COVID19 is negatively correlated with the existing comorbidities in terms of the clinical outcome, the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to mediate the novel, or to exacerbate the existing autoimmune conditions, has generated considerable interest, due to its potential implications both with regard to patients suffering from autoimmune conditions, as well as to the long-term consequences of the disease. However, although molecular mimicry has been postulated as a potential causative factor in post-COVID19 autoimmunity and multi-organ damage, a substantial body of research needs to emerge in order to achieve a more definitive conclusion. We investigated the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 peptide sequences behaving as molecular mimics with a potential to trigger an autoimmune response. Thus, on the basis of analysis in silico, we were able to develop a plausible case for the molecular mimicry as a potential aetiological mechanism of SARS-CoV-2-mediated autoimmunity, both in a multi-organ damage context or outside of the viral phase of infection. Interestingly, this is the first time that the peptide sequence of MACROD1 has been implicated in the COVID-19 autoimmunity. Additionally, we also confirm that PARP9 and PARP14 may be involved in the process.

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