Self-immolation and its adverse life-events risk factors: results from an Iranian population

Late-onset schizophrenia remains an understudied subtype of schizophrenia, despite growing recognition of its impact and distinction from early-onset schizophrenia. This chapter reviews the existing literature on late-onset schizophrenia including beginning with the nomenclature and epidemiology. Then we provide a review of key risk factors and correlates—including genetic risk, sex differences, comorbid sensory loss and physical illness, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms, sociodemographic factors, adverse life events, neuropathology, and inflammation. The chapter ends with clinical issues, including symptoms, differential diagnosis, treatments, and prognosis. Recent studies have examined the role of oestrogen treatments and a new therapy for tardive dyskinesia therapy as well as inflammatory mechanisms in schizophrenia.

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Chronic and cumulative adverse life events in patients of premature ovarian insufficiency with unknown cause: an exploratory qualitative study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-961197/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Junyan Sun ◽

Yihui Fan ◽

Ying Guo ◽

Huiying Pan ◽

Chen Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Life Events ◽

Family Stress ◽

Intervention Strategy ◽

Well Being ◽

Premature Ovarian Insufficiency ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Adverse Life Events ◽

Ovarian Insufficiency

Abstract Background Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) has serious physical and psychological consequences due to estrogen deprivation, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. However, the causes of most POI cases remain unknown (idiopathic POI). Environmental factors play an important role in the occurrence of complex diseases. To explore whether chronic and cumulative adverse life events occur in patients before POI diagnosis. Searching for the potential relative risk factors may find an intervention strategy to prevent POI in young women.Results Forty-three women (mean age=33·8 years) were recruited who were newly- diagnosed with idiopathic POI in a Chinese Ob/Gyn hospital to participate in semi-structured interviews through convenience sampling. The main questions covered by the topic guide were designed to explore adverse life events prior to POI diagnosis. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analyzed thematically. Data were analyzed from June 2019 to August 2020. Among the POI patients, the mean age at diagnosis of POI was 33·8 years (range from 19 to 39 years), and the average time between the onset of irregular menstruation and POI diagnosis was 2.3 years. These patients had a relatively normal menstrual cycle before the diagnosis of POI. A number of stressful life events prior to POI diagnosis were discussed by them as important factors influencing their health and well-being. Four core themes emerged: 1) persistent exposure to workplace stress, 2) persistent exposure to family stress, 3) chronic sleep problem/disturbance existed in patients before POI diagnosis, and 4) participants' general cognition and concerns about POI. Conclusions Persistent exposures to adverse life events related to work stress, family stress and sleep disturbance exist in idiopathic POI patients. In addition, patients and their families generally have incorrect cognition of POI disease and its treatment. Future case-control studies should demonstrate whether chronic and cumulative adverse life events are risk factors of POI disease. Provision of tailored interventions (i.e. preventing or mitigating impact of adverse life events) aimed at high-risk populations is urgently needed to prevent new POI cases and promoting understanding of disease may improve health conditions of POI patients.

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Childhood adverse life events and parental psychopathology as risk factors for bipolar disorder

Translational Psychiatry ◽

10.1038/tp.2016.201 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. e929-e929 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

V Bergink ◽

J T Larsen ◽

M H J Hillegers ◽

S K Dahl ◽

H Stevens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Life Events ◽

Parental Psychopathology ◽

Adverse Life Events

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Sensation-seeking, life events and depression

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.178.6.549 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 178 (6) ◽

pp. 549-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Anne Farmer ◽

Kate Redman ◽

Tanya Harris ◽

Arshad Mahmood ◽

Stephanie Sadler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Life Events ◽

Personality Trait ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Sensation Seeking ◽

Genetic Risk Factors ◽

Adverse Life Events ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Healthy Control ◽

The Relationship

BackgroundThe relationship between adversity and genetic risk factors in depression could be mediated by familial ‘hazard prone’ traits, as reflected in high levels of sensation-seeking.AimsTo examine whether high sensation-seeking scores are associated with more adverse life events resulting in depression.MethodIn a sib-pair design, 108 probands with depression and their siblings and 105 healthy control subjects and their siblings were compared for psychopathology, life events and scores on the Sensation-Seeking Questionnaire (SSQ).ResultsThe SSQ scores were correlated negatively with depression, were familial and were correlated positively with less severe events, but not the severe events typically associated with depressive onsets.ConclusionsThe SSQ measures a familial personality trait and depression is associated with lower scores. Although high sensation-seeking is associated with a higher rate of life events, these carry little threat.

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Adverse life events as risk factors for behavioural and emotional problems in a 7-year follow-up of a population-based child cohort

Nordic Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.3109/08039488.2013.794473 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 189-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Cathrine Skovmand Rasmussen ◽

Louise Gramstrup Nielsen ◽

Dorthe Janne Petersen ◽

Erik Christiansen ◽

Niels Bilenberg

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Life Events ◽

Emotional Problems ◽

Population Based ◽

Adverse Life Events ◽

Behavioural And Emotional Problems

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Life events, first depression onset and the serotonin transporter gene

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.105.009522 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 188 (3) ◽

pp. 210-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 213

Author(s):

Kay Wilhelm ◽

Philip B. Mitchell ◽

Heather Niven ◽

Adam Finch ◽

Lucinda Wedgwood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Major Depression ◽

Life Events ◽

Serotonin Transporter ◽

Serotonin Transporter Gene ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Transporter Gene ◽

Adverse Life Events ◽

Gene Environment Interaction ◽

Gene Environment

BackgroundA relationship between the serotonin transporter gene, adverse events and onset of major depression has been reported.AimsTo replicate a gene × environment interaction in a cohort with longitudinal data for life events, experience of depression, parental bonding and neuroticism.MethodAtthe 25-year follow-up, genomic DNA was obtained from 127 cohort members (mean age 48 years) to determine the genotype of the serotonin transporter gene-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR). Associations were investigated between the 5-HTTLPR genotype, positive and adverse life events and the gene × environment interaction, and also between the 5-HTTLPR genotype and risk factors for depression.ResultsNo relationship was found between 5-HTTLPR genotype and either risk factors for depression or positive life events. Adverse life events had a significantly greater impact on the onset of depression for individuals with the s/s genotype.ConclusionsThe 5-HTTLPR genotype is a significant predictor of onset of major depression following multiple adverse events. This is one of the more robust findings concerning specific biological risk factors for depression.

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