Structural Analysis of Filler in Rubber Composite under Stretch with Time-Resolved Two-Dimensional Ultra-Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering

2008 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Kishimoto ◽  
Yuya Shinohara ◽  
Yoshiyuki Amemiya ◽  
Katsuaki Inoue ◽  
Yoshio Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Small Deformation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Silane Coupling Agents ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Ray Scattering

Abstract We investigated the hierarchical structure of silica, especially agglomerate structure, in stretched rubber by time-resolved two-dimensional ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (2D-USAXS). Time-resolved 2D-USAXS measurements give us the in-situ structural information up to 5 μm during sample deformation. The results are summarized as follows: at first, the agglomerate is turned so that the long axis of the agglomerate is parallel to the stretching direction, and the “weakly-bonded agglomerates” weakly bonding between agglomerates is broken down. Second, the distance between agglomerates increases with the small deformation of agglomerate. Finally, the “tightly-bonded agglomerates” strongly bonding between agglomerates start to deform. Existence of silane-coupling agents causes the differences in the manner of agglomerate deformation. These kinds of structural information will be a key to understanding the origin of rubber reinforcement by filler such as carbon black and silica.

In situ Time-Resolved Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Reveals the Formation Kinetics of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wu ◽  
Jeffrey Ting ◽  
Siqi Meng ◽  
Matthew Tirrell
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complex ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Ray Scattering

We have directly observed the <i>in situ</i> self-assembly kinetics of polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) micelles by synchrotron time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering, equipped with a stopped-flow device that provides millisecond temporal resolution. This work has elucidated one general kinetic pathway for the process of PEC micelle formation, which provides useful physical insights for increasing our fundamental understanding of complexation and self-assembly dynamics driven by electrostatic interactions that occur on ultrafast timescales.

scholarly journals Osmotic shrinkage of sterically stabilized liposomes as revealed by time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Varga ◽  
András Wacha ◽  
Attila Bóta
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Sterically Stabilized Liposomes ◽  
Liposome Size ◽  
Ray Scattering

Time-resolved synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to study the structural changes during the osmotic shrinkage of a pharmacologically relevant liposomal drug delivery system. Sterically stabilized liposomes (SSLs) with a diameter of 100 nm and composed of hydrogenated soy phosphocholine, cholesterol and distearoyl-phosphoethanolamine-PEG 2000 prepared in a salt-free buffer were mixed with a buffered 0.3 MNaCl solution using a stopped flow apparatus. The changes in the liposome size and the bilayer structure were followed by using SAXS with a time resolution of 20 ms. A linear decrease in liposome size is observed during the first ∼4 s of the osmotic shrinkage, which reveals a water permeability value of 0.215 (15) µm s−1. The change in the size of the liposomes upon the osmotic shrinkage is also confirmed by dynamic light scattering. After this initial step, broad correlation peaks appear on the SAXS curves in theqrange of the bilayer form factor, which indicates the formation of bi- or oligolamellar structures. Freeze-fracture combined with transmission electron microscopy revealed that lens-shaped liposomes are formed during the shrinkage, which account for the appearance of the quasi-Bragg peaks superimposed on the bilayer form factor. On the basis of these observations, it is proposed that the osmotic shrinkage of SSLs is a two-step process: in the initial step, the liposome shrinks in size, while the area/lipid adapts to the decreased surface area, which is then followed by the deformation of the spherical liposomes into lens-shaped vesicles.

Time-resolved isothermal crystallization of absorbable PGA-co-PLA copolymer by synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering and wide-angle X-ray diffraction

Polymer ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 42 (21) ◽  
pp. 8965-8973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Gang Wang ◽  
Xuehui Wang ◽  
Benjamin S. Hsiao ◽  
Saša Andjelić ◽  
Dennis Jamiolkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Isothermal Crystallization ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

scholarly journals Pinhole-type two-dimensional ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering on the micrometer scale

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Kishimoto ◽  
Yuya Shinohara ◽  
Yoshio Suzuki ◽  
Akihisa Takeuchi ◽  
Naoto Yagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Detector Distance ◽  
Medium Length ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Micrometer Scale ◽  
Ray Scattering

A pinhole-type two-dimensional ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering set-up at a so-called medium-length beamline at SPring-8 is reported. A long sample-to-detector distance, 160.5 m, can be used at this beamline and a small-angle resolution of 0.25 µm−1was thereby achieved at an X-ray energy of 8 keV.

Time-Resolved Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Study of the Folding Dynamics of Barnase

2011 ◽  
Vol 405 (5) ◽  
pp. 1284-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Konuma ◽  
Tetsunari Kimura ◽  
Shuzo Matsumoto ◽  
Yuji Goto ◽  
Tetsuro Fujisawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Folding Dynamics ◽  
Scattering Study ◽  
Ray Scattering
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