The study of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of isolated bacteria from upper respiratory tract in adult patients in Shahid Bahonar Hospital of Kerman

Abstract BackgroundUpper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are common in children. Most URTIs have been shown to be of viral origin. Inappropriate use of antibiotics is one of the main causes of antibiotic resistance. The problem of unnecessary antibiotic use among children is a concern for antibiotic resistance in low- and middle-income developing countries.MethodsOur study is a cross-sectional survey study. It was carried out between 14 December 2020 and 1 April 2021 for parents over 18 years of age with a child under 18 years’ old who applied to the general pediatrics outpatient clinics of Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Hospital Department of Pediatrics.Results554 parents responded to the questionnaire. A total of 15.7% of parents stated to use antibiotics in any child with fever. 37% of parents believed that antibiotics could cure infections caused by viruses. 6.3% of parents declared that they put pressure on pediatricians to prescribe antibiotics. 85.6% of the parents stated that they never gave their children non-prescription antibiotics when they had a high fever. 80.9% of them declared that they never used past antibiotics in the presence of a new infection. Female gender, high level of education, high income level and low number of antibiotics used in the last 1 year were found to be statistically significant with the better knowledge level of the parents (p <0.05).ConclusionAccording to the results of our study of parents' lack of knowledge about antibiotics in Turkey, though generally it shows proper attitude and behavior. It shows that some of the restrictions imposed by the National Action Plan are partially working. However, it is still necessary to continue to inform parents, pediatricians and pharmacists about the use of antibiotics, and to be more sensitive about the prescribing of antibiotics, and if necessary, sanctions should be imposed by the state in order to prevent unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions.

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Clinical Aspects on Antibiotic Resistance: Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

Microbial Drug Resistance ◽

10.1089/mdr.1995.1.143 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 143-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

KARIN PRELLNER

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Tract Infections

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A Potential Benefit of Hypochlorous Acid - Facial Sanitisation: A Review

10.20944/preprints202107.0129.v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Avis Aman Nowbuth ◽

Josh Barrie Armstrong ◽

Thomas Eugene Cloete ◽

Pieter Rousseau Fourie

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Microbial Contamination ◽

Hypochlorous Acid ◽

Skin Infections ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

The Face ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Tract Infections

Sanitisation has become a major component of everyday life, with emphasis on the hands and surfaces. The face remains unsanitised due to the lack of an acceptable sanitiser. The use of masks has been mandated to reduce the spread of the pathogens by covering the face, however, there remain issues with the use of personal protective equipment. The face remains a harbour for upper respiratory tract infections, with constant deposition of microbes. By reducing microbial load, the risk of both infection and severity are reduced. HOCl has proven antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity, including efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. A facial sanitiser, alongside hand sanitisers and masks, improves protection against SARS-CoV-2. The advantages of regular sanitising of the face and mask include reduced level of microbial contamination, risk of biofilm formation, and respiratory tract and skin infections. HOCl was reviewed as a face and mask sanitiser, concluding that it was an ideal product.

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The PilA protein of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae plays a role in biofilm formation, adherence to epithelial cells and colonization of the mammalian upper respiratory tract

Molecular Microbiology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05864.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

pp. 1288-1299 ◽

Cited By ~ 101

Author(s):

Joseph A. Jurcisek ◽

James E. Bookwalter ◽

Beth D. Baker ◽

Soledad Fernandez ◽

Laura A. Novotny ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Haemophilus Influenzae ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Upper Respiratory

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A Potential Benefit of Hypochlorous Acid - Facial Sanitisation

10.20944/preprints202107.0129.v3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Avis Aman Nowbuth ◽

Josh Barrie Armstrong ◽

Thomas Eugene Cloete ◽

Pieter Rousseau Fourie

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Microbial Contamination ◽

Hypochlorous Acid ◽

Skin Infections ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

The Face ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Tract Infections

Sanitisation has become a major component of everyday life, with emphasis on the hands and surfaces. The face remains unsanitised due to the lack of an acceptable sanitiser. The use of masks has been mandated to reduce the spread of the pathogens by covering the face, however, there remain issues with the use of personal protective equipment. The face remains a harbour for upper respiratory tract infections, with constant deposition of microbes. By reducing microbial load, the risk of both infection and severity are reduced. HOCl has proven antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity, including efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. A facial sanitiser, alongside hand sanitisers and masks, improves protection against SARS-CoV-2. The advantages of regular sanitising of the face and mask include reduced level of microbial contamination, risk of biofilm formation, and respiratory tract and skin infections. HOCl was reviewed as a face and mask sanitiser, concluding that it was an ideal product.

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Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from patients with upper respiratory tract infections; a four year study in Tripoli city

10.20944/preprints201808.0435.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ahmed Atia ◽

Najla Elyounsi ◽

Ahmed Abired ◽

Amal Wanis ◽

Abdulsalam Ashour

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Health Concern ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Antibiotic Administration ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Tract Infections

1) Background: Respiratory tract infections (RTI) has been known to be a significant health concern for mortality and morbidity since many years. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of bacterial pathogen causing upper respiratory tract (URTIs) and the susceptibility patterns to frequently used antibiotics among patients attending Abusetta hospital in Tripoli district; 2) Methods: A total of 1,110 throat swabs were collected between Jan, 2011 to December, 2014 and inoculated onto Blood agar, MacCkonkey agar and Chocolate agar then incubated at 37 oC for 24 hours. Bacterial pathogens were determined by bacteriological culture methods and antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was identified following Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines (CLSI); 3) Results: Of the 1,110 respiratory samples tested, 71.1% (n = 789) of specimens were positive cultures with the dominant bacterial pathogens being streptococcus pneumonia 43.3% (n = 342), followed by pseudomonas aeruginosa 22.8% (n = 180), staphylococcus aurous 13.8% (n = 109), Escherichia Coli 6.9% (n = 55), Enterobacter spp 6.2% (n = 49), Citrobacter 4.5% (n = 36), and Klebsiella 2.2% (n = 18). Most isolates exhibited resistance against the commonly used antibiotics and to at least one antibiotic; and 4) Conclusions: The level of antibiotic resistance in this study is alarming and brings to light the timely and suitable diagnosis of the common bacteria causes of URTIs and proper antibiotic administration based on susceptibility test.

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Evaluation of parental knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding antibiotic use in acute upper respiratory tract infections in children under 18 years of age: a cross-sectional study in Turkey

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-021-03020-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Aslınur Albayrak ◽

Nazmi Mutlu Karakaş ◽

Bensu Karahalil

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Tract Infections

Abstract Background Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are common in children. Antibiotics still continue to be prescribed although most URTIs are of viral origin. This is inappropriate use and this unnecessary administration contributes or may cause antibiotic resistance. The problem of unnecessary antibiotic use among children is a concern for antibiotic resistance in low- and middle-income developing countries. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of parents of children with upper respiratory tract infections regarding antibiotic use and their antibiotic administration practices in a tertiary care hospital in Turkey. Methods Our study is a cross-sectional survey study. It was carried out between 14 December 2020 and 1 April 2021 for parents over 18 years of age with a child under 18 years’ old who applied to the general pediatrics outpatient clinics of Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Hospital Department of Pediatrics. Results Five hundred fifty-four parents responded to the questionnaire (93.2% rate of response). A total of 15.7% of parents stated to use antibiotics in any child with fever. 37% of parents believed that antibiotics could cure infections caused by viruses. 6.3% of parents declared that they put pressure on pediatricians to prescribe antibiotics. While 28% of the parents who thought that the use of inappropriate antibiotics would not change the effect and resistance of the treatment, 41% thought that new antibiotics could be developed continuously. 85.6% of the parents stated that they never gave their children non-prescription antibiotics when they had a high fever. 80.9% of them declared that they never used past antibiotics in the presence of a new infection. Conclusion According to the results of our study of parents’ lack of knowledge about antibiotics in Turkey, though generally it shows proper attitude and practices. It shows that some of the restrictions imposed by the National Action Plan are partially working. However, it is still necessary to continue to inform parents, pediatricians and pharmacists about the use of antibiotics, and to be more sensitive about the prescribing of antibiotics, and if necessary, sanctions should be imposed by the state in order to prevent unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions.

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