Effect of beetroot supplementation on 10 km time trial performance of distance runners

2021 ◽  
pp. 6423-6429
Author(s):  
Dileep Tirkey ◽  
Shabir Kumar Anant ◽  
Reeta Venugopal
Keyword(s):  
Time Trial ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Group Control Group ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Trial Performance

Objective: To find out the effect of 15 days of beetroot juice (BRJ) supplementation on 10 km time trial performance in trained distance runners of University level.Methods: Thirty trained athletes,15 males age = 26.3 y ± 1.52, height 170.5 ± 0.2 cm, and 15 females, age = 25.2 y ± 1.30, height 157.8 ± 0.3 cm were selected for the present study. Two experimental and two control groups were made consisting of males and females separately. The first group of male and female (Experimental Group) consumed the BRJdaily 250 ml/dayand the second group (Control Group) did not consume beetroot juice. Both groups underwent a regular athletics training programme. All the subjects were tested on Ten Km Time Trial (TT)performance before supplementation of BRJ and after 15 days of supplementation of BRJ. Results: The significant effect of BRJ supplementationwas observed (p < 0.05) between pre and post measures of 10 km TT in experimental group. BRJ supplementation significantly improved performance in 10 km TT in both groups (respectively male; P< 0.006; F=11.09, ES = .480, female; P < 0.000, F=40.45, ES = .771.Conclusion: Consumption of BRJ250 ml/day in improved 10 km time trial performance in traineddistance runners.

Jump-Rope Training: Improved 3-km Time-Trial Performance in Endurance Runners via Enhanced Lower-Limb Reactivity and Foot-Arch Stiffness

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 927-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe García-Pinillos ◽  
Carlos Lago-Fuentes ◽  
Pedro A. Latorre-Román ◽  
Antonio Pantoja-Vallejo ◽  
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
Keyword(s):  
Time Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Foot Arch ◽  
Endurance Runners ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Trial Performance

Context: Plyometric training promotes a highly effective neuromuscular stimulus to improve running performance. Jumping rope (JR) involves mainly foot muscles and joints, due to the quick rebounds, and it might be considered a type of plyometric training for improving power and stiffness, some of the key factors for endurance-running performance. Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of JR during the warm-up routine of amateur endurance runners on jumping performance, reactivity, arch stiffness, and 3-km time-trial performance. Methods: Athletes were randomly assigned to an experimental (n = 51) or control (n = 45) group. Those from the control group were asked to maintain their training routines, while athletes from the experimental group had to modify their warm-up routines, including JR (2–4 sessions/wk, with a total time of 10–20 min/wk) for 10 weeks. Physical tests were performed before (pretest) and after (posttest) the intervention period and included jumping performance (countermovement-jump, squat-jump, and drop-jump tests), foot-arch stiffness, and 3-km time-trial performance. Reactive strength index (RSI) was calculated from a 30-cm drop jump. Results: The 2 × 2 analysis of variance showed significant pre–post differences in all dependent variables (P < .001) for the experimental group. No significant changes were reported in the control group (all P ≥ .05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between Δ3-km time trial and ΔRSI (r = −.481; P < .001) and ΔStiffness (r = −.336; P < .01). The linear-regression analysis showed that Δ3-km time trial was associated with ΔRSI and ΔStiffness (R2 = .394; P < .001). Conclusions: Compared with a control warm-up routine prior to endurance-running training, 10 weeks (2–4 times/wk) of JR training, in place of 5 minutes of regular warm-up activities, was effective in improving 3-km time-trial performance, jumping ability, RSI, and arch stiffness in amateur endurance runners. Improvements in RSI and arch stiffness were associated with improvements in 3-km time-trial performance.

Nitrate Supplementation’s Improvement of 10-km Time-Trial Performance in Trained Cyclists

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi M. Cermak ◽  
Martin J. Gibala ◽  
Luc J.C. van Loon
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Ergogenic Effects ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation ◽  
Trial Performance

Six days of dietary nitrate supplementation in the form of beetroot juice (~0.5 L/d) has been reported to reduce pulmonary oxygen uptake (VO2) during submaximal exercise and increase tolerance of high-intensity work rates, suggesting that nitrate can be a potent ergogenic aid. Limited data are available regarding the effect of nitrate ingestion on athletic performance, and no study has investigated the potential ergogenic effects of a small-volume, concentrated dose of beetroot juice. The authors tested the hypothesis that 6 d of nitrate ingestion would improve time-trial performance in trained cyclists. Using a double-blind, repeated-measures crossover design, 12 male cyclists (31 ± 3 yr, VO2peak = 58 ± 2 ml · kg−1 · min−1, maximal power [Wmax] = 342 ± 10 W) ingested 140 ml/d of concentrated beetroot (~8 mmol/d nitrate) juice (BEET) or a placebo (nitrate-depleted beetroot juice; PLAC) for 6 d, separated by a 14-d washout. After supplementation on Day 6, subjects performed 60 min of submaximal cycling (2 × 30 min at 45% and 65% Wmax, respectively), followed by a 10-km time trial. Time-trial performance (953 ± 18 vs. 965 ± 18 s, p < .005) and power output (294 ± 12 vs. 288 ± 12 W, p < .05) improved after BEET compared with PLAC supplementation. Submaximal VO2 was lower after BEET (45% Wmax = 1.92 ± 0.06 vs. 2.02 ± 0.09 L/min, 65% Wmax 2.94 ± 0.12 vs. 3.11 ± 0.12 L/min) than with PLAC (main effect, p < .05). Wholebody fuel selection and plasma lactate, glucose, and insulin concentrations did not differ between treatments. Six days of nitrate supplementation reduced VO2 during submaximal exercise and improved time-trial performance in trained cyclists.

scholarly journals Heat acclimation improves exercise performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 1140-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Lorenzo ◽  
John R. Halliwill ◽  
Michael N. Sawka ◽  
Christopher T. Minson
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Heat Acclimation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
C 30 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trial Performance

This study examined the impact of heat acclimation on improving exercise performance in cool and hot environments. Twelve trained cyclists performed tests of maximal aerobic power (V̇o2max), time-trial performance, and lactate threshold, in both cool [13°C, 30% relative humidity (RH)] and hot (38°C, 30% RH) environments before and after a 10-day heat acclimation (∼50% V̇o2max in 40°C) program. The hot and cool condition V̇o2max and lactate threshold tests were both preceded by either warm (41°C) water or thermoneutral (34°C) water immersion to induce hyperthermia (0.8–1.0°C) or sustain normothermia, respectively. Eight matched control subjects completed the same exercise tests in the same environments before and after 10 days of identical exercise in a cool (13°C) environment. Heat acclimation increased V̇o2max by 5% in cool (66.8 ± 2.1 vs. 70.2 ± 2.3 ml·kg−1·min−1, P = 0.004) and by 8% in hot (55.1 ± 2.5 vs. 59.6 ± 2.0 ml·kg−1·min−1, P = 0.007) conditions. Heat acclimation improved time-trial performance by 6% in cool (879.8 ± 48.5 vs. 934.7 ± 50.9 kJ, P = 0.005) and by 8% in hot (718.7 ± 42.3 vs. 776.2 ± 50.9 kJ, P = 0.014) conditions. Heat acclimation increased power output at lactate threshold by 5% in cool (3.88 ± 0.82 vs. 4.09 ± 0.76 W/kg, P = 0.002) and by 5% in hot (3.45 ± 0.80 vs. 3.60 ± 0.79 W/kg, P < 0.001) conditions. Heat acclimation increased plasma volume (6.5 ± 1.5%) and maximal cardiac output in cool and hot conditions (9.1 ± 3.4% and 4.5 ± 4.6%, respectively). The control group had no changes in V̇o2max, time-trial performance, lactate threshold, or any physiological parameters. These data demonstrate that heat acclimation improves aerobic exercise performance in temperate-cool conditions and provide the scientific basis for employing heat acclimation to augment physical training programs.

Effects of Beetroot Juice Supplementation and Hypoxia on Time Trial Performance in Well-Trained Cyclists

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (5S) ◽  
pp. 566
Author(s):  
Torben Rokkedal Lausch ◽  
Ryan Godsk Larsen ◽  
Mathias Krogh Poulsen ◽  
Dan Karbing ◽  
Lars Pilegaard Thomsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Trial ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Trial Performance

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Nitrates on Time Trial Performance in Athletes with Different Training Status: Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2734
Author(s):  
Tomáš Hlinský ◽  
Michal Kumstát ◽  
Petr Vajda
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Training Status ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Trial Performance

Much research has been done in sports nutrition in recent years as the demand for performance-enhancing substances increases. Higher intake of nitrates from the diet can increase the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) via the nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway. Nevertheless, the increased availability of NO does not always lead to improved performance in some individuals. This review aims to evaluate the relationship between the athlete’s training status and the change in time trial performance after increased dietary nitrate intake. Articles indexed by Scopus and PubMed published from 2015 to 2019 were reviewed. Thirteen articles met the eligibility criteria: clinical trial studies on healthy participants with different training status (according to VO2max), conducting time trial tests after dietary nitrate supplementation. The PRISMA guidelines were followed to process the review. We found a statistically significant relationship between VO2max and ergogenicity in time trial performance using one-way ANOVA (p = 0.001) in less-trained athletes (VO2 < 55 mL/kg/min). A strong positive correlation was observed in experimental situations using a chronic supplementation protocol but not in acute protocol situations. In the context of our results and recent histological observations of muscle fibres, there might be a fibre-type specific role in nitric oxide production and, therefore, supplement of ergogenicity.

scholarly journals Influence of Sex and Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation on 2 KM Running Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 977
Author(s):  
Arturo Casado ◽  
Raúl Domínguez ◽  
Sandro Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Stephen J. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Improved Performance

Purpose: To assess the effect of acute nitrate-rich (BJ) and nitrate-depleted (PL) beetroot juice ingestion on 2 km running performance in amateur runners, and to what extent the ergogenic effect of BJ supplementation would be influenced by the sex of the participants; Methods: Twenty-four amateur long-distance runners (14 males and 10 females) performed a 2 km time trial (TT) on an outdoor athletics track 2.5 h after ingesting either 140 mL of BJ (~12.8 mmol NO3−) or PL. After the tests, blood [lactate] and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) related to the leg muscles (RPEmuscular), cardiovascular system (RPEcardio) and general overall RPE (RPEgeneral) were assessed; Results: Compared to PL, BJ supplementation improved 2 km TT performance in both males (p < 0.05) with no supplement × sex interaction effect (p > 0.05). This improvement in 2 km running performance was a function of improved performance in the second 1 km split time in both males and females (p < 0.05). Supplementation with BJ did not alter post-exercise blood [lactate] (p > 0.05) but lowered RPEgeneral (p < 0.05); Conclusions: acute BJ supplementation improves 2 km running performance in amateur runners by enhancing performance over the second half of the TT and lowering RPEgeneral by a comparable magnitude in males and females.

scholarly journals Chronic high-dose beetroot juice supplementation improves time trial performance of well-trained cyclists in normoxia and hypoxia

Nitric Oxide ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 44-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Rokkedal-Lausch ◽  
Jesper Franch ◽  
Mathias K. Poulsen ◽  
Lars P. Thomsen ◽  
Eddie Weitzberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Trial ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Trial Performance

No Improvement in Endurance Performance after a Single Dose of Beetroot Juice

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 470-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi M. Cermak ◽  
Peter Res ◽  
Rudi Stinkens ◽  
Jon O. Lundberg ◽  
Martin J. Gibala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Beetroot Juice ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Single Bolus ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Subsequent Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trial Performance

Introduction:Dietary nitrate supplementation has received much attention in the literature due to its proposed ergogenic properties. Recently, the ingestion of a single bolus of nitrate-rich beetroot juice (500 ml, ~6.2 mmol NO3−) was reported to improve subsequent time-trial performance. However, this large volume of ingested beetroot juice does not represent a realistic dietary strategy for athletes to follow in a practical, performancebased setting. Therefore, we investigated the impact of ingesting a single bolus of concentrated nitrate-rich beetroot juice (140 ml, ~8.7 mmol NO3−) on subsequent 1-hr time-trial performance in well-trained cyclists.Methods:Using a double-blind, repeated-measures crossover design (1-wk washout period), 20 trained male cyclists (26 ± 1 yr, VO2peak 60 ± 1 ml · kg−1 · min−1, Wmax 398 ± 7.7 W) ingested 140 ml of concentrated beetroot juice (8.7 mmol NO3−; BEET) or a placebo (nitrate-depleted beetroot juice; PLAC) with breakfast 2.5 hr before an ~1-hr cycling time trial (1,073 ± 21 kJ). Resting blood samples were collected every 30 min after BEET or PLAC ingestion and immediately after the time trial.Results:Plasma nitrite concentration was higher in BEET than PLAC before the onset of the time trial (532 ± 32 vs. 271 ± 13 nM, respectively; p < .001), but subsequent time-trial performance (65.5 ± 1.1 vs. 65 ± 1.1 s), power output (275 ± 7 vs. 278 ± 7 W), and heart rate (170 ± 2 vs. 170 ± 2 beats/min) did not differ between BEET and PLAC treatments (all p > .05).Conclusion:Ingestion of a single bolus of concentrated (140 ml) beetroot juice (8.7 mmol NO3−) does not improve subsequent 1-hr time-trial performance in well-trained cyclists.

Improvement of 800-m Running Performance With Prior High-Intensity Exercise

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Ingham ◽  
Barry W. Fudge ◽  
Jamie S. Pringle ◽  
Andrew M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Time Trial Performance ◽  
Mean Response Time ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Trial Performance

Prior high-intensity exercise increases the oxidative energy contribution to subsequent exercise and may enhance exercise tolerance. The potential impact of a high-intensity warm-up on competitive performance, however, has not been investigated.Purpose:To test the hypothesis that a high-intensity warm-up would speed VO2 kinetics and enhance 800-m running performance in well-trained athletes.Methods:Eleven highly trained middle-distance runners completed two 800-m time trials on separate days on an indoor track, preceded by 2 different warm-up procedures. The 800-m time trials were preceded by a 10-min self-paced jog and standardized mobility drills, followed by either 6 × 50-m strides (control [CON]) or 2 × 50-m strides and a continuous high-intensity 200-m run (HWU) at race pace. Blood [La] was measured before the time trials, and VO2 was measured breath by breath throughout exercise.Results:800-m time-trial performance was significantly faster after HWU (124.5 ± 8.3 vs CON, 125.7 ± 8.7 s, P < .05). Blood [La] was greater after HWU (3.6 ± 1.9 vs CON, 1.7 ± 0.8 mM; P < .01). The mean response time for VO2 was not different between conditions (HWU, 27 ± 6 vs CON, 28 ± 7 s), but total O2 consumed (HWU, 119 ± 18 vs CON, 109 ± 28 ml/kg, P = .05) and peak VO2 attained (HWU, 4.21 ± 0.85 vs CON, 3.91 ± 0.63 L/min; P = .08) tended to be greater after HWU.Conclusions:These data indicate that a sustained high-intensity warm-up enhances 800-m time-trial performance in trained athletes.

Intermittent normobaric hypoxia does not alter performance or erythropoietic markers in highly trained distance runners

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 1800-1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen G. Julian ◽  
Christopher J. Gore ◽  
Randall L. Wilber ◽  
Jack T. Daniels ◽  
Michael Fredericson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Normobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Soluble Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Intermittent Normobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Sufficient Stimulus ◽  
Trial Performance

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that intermittent normobaric hypoxia at rest is a sufficient stimulus to elicit changes in physiological measures associated with improved performance in highly trained distance runners. Fourteen national-class distance runners completed a 4-wk regimen (5:5-min hypoxia-to-normoxia ratio for 70 min, 5 times/wk) of intermittent normobaric hypoxia (Hyp) or placebo control (Norm) at rest. The experimental group was exposed to a graded decline in fraction of inspired O2: 0.12 ( week 1), 0.11 ( week 2), and 0.10 ( weeks 3 and 4). The placebo control group was exposed to the same temporal regimen but breathed fraction of inspired O2of 0.209 for the entire 4 wk. Subjects were matched for training history, gender, and baseline measures of maximal O2uptake and 3,000-m time-trial performance in a randomized, balanced, double-blind design. These parameters, along with submaximal treadmill performance (economy, heart rate, lactate, and ventilation), were measured in duplicate before, as well as 1 and 3 wk after, the intervention. Hematologic indexes, including serum concentrations of erythropoietin and soluble transferrin receptor and reticulocyte parameters (flow cytometry), were measured twice before the intervention, on days 1, 5, 10, and 19 of the intervention, and 10 and 25 days after the intervention. There were no significant differences in maximal O2uptake, 3,000-m time-trial performance, erythropoietin, soluble transferrin receptor, or reticulocyte parameters between groups at any time. Four weeks of a 5:5-min normobaric hypoxia exposure at rest for 70 min, 5 days/wk, is not a sufficient stimulus to elicit improved performance or change the normal level of erythropoiesis in highly trained runners.

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