Rehabilitating of  used Generator Oil by Acid /Bentonite Treatment and Studying of  its Performance Evalution

Used generator lubricant oils are considered hazardous wastes because of their high content of pollutants (thermal degradation products from the base oil and combustion products from fuel and lubricant and external pollutants). Thus, this research aimed to refining the waste oils for economic and environmental purpose. In this study, it was applied acid / bentonite treatment which include treatment with commercial sulphuric acid followed by adsorption on Iraqi bentonite and study the effect of treated used genarator oil and regards to enhancing their performance in service. The quality checked by evaluation of some important properties i.e. specific gravity, viscosity, flash point, pour point, ash content, and total acid number. The results of treated used oil showed that, specific gravity decreased from 0.898 to 0.894, viscosity increased from 95 cst to 136 cst. ,flash point increased from 179 oC to 200 oC, pour point increased from -13 oC to -16 oC, ash content decreased from 1.174 %to, 1.0775% and total acid number decreased from 2.983mg KOH/g to1.0775mg KOH/g. The results of evaluation of performance of fresh and treated generator oil studied by comparison of some properties such as specific gravity, viscosity, flash point pour point, ash content, and total acid number to the oils in use.

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P PERBANDINGAN KUALITAS PELUMAS MOTOR 4T DI PALEMBANG DENGAN PARAMETER UJI SPECIFIC GRAVITY, KINEMATIC VISCOSITY, FLASH POINT, POUR POINT, TOTAL ACID NUMBER (TAN) DAN VACUUM DISTILLATION

Jurnal Teknik Patra Akademika ◽

10.52506/jtpa.v9i01.68 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (01) ◽

pp. 39-45

Author(s):

Dian Kurnia Sari ◽

Nopitasari Nopitasari

Keyword(s):

Solvent Extraction ◽

Specific Gravity ◽

Pour Point ◽

Kinematic Viscosity ◽

Vacuum Distillation ◽

Mineral Oil ◽

Acid Number ◽

Total Acid ◽

Total Acid Number ◽

Point Total

Pelumas baik yang berasal dari minyak bumi (mineral oil) atau pelumas sintetik umumnya berupa cairan, yang berfungsi untuk mengurangi gesekan diantara dua benda yang bergerak. Pelumas merupakan bagian yang tak terpisahkan dari mesin. Pelumas dibutuhkan mesin untuk melindungi komponen-komponen mesin dari keausan. Proses pembuatan minyak pelumas adalah distilasi atmosfir, distilasi hampa, deasphalting, solvent extraction, dewaxing, blending dan packaging. Untuk mendapatkan pelumas yang baik perlu ditambahkannya aditif yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Aditif adalah senyawa kimia yang bila ditambahkan ke dalam pelumas akan menaikkan unjuk kerja pelumas seperti yang diharapkan. Aditif dapat menentukan mutu pelumas yang digunakan karena dapat merubah sifat kimia maupun sifat fisik dari pelumas. Untuk mengetahui kualitas minyak pelumas diperlukan adanya pengujian sifat fisika dan sifat kimia dari pelumas dengan membandingkan hasil uji dari sampel.

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Experimental assessment of regenerated lube oil in spark-ignition engine for sustainable environment

Advances in Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.1177/1687814020940451 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 168781402094045

Author(s):

Muhammad Usman ◽

Syed Saqib ◽

Syed Wasim Hassan Zubair ◽

Muneeb Irshad ◽

Ammar Hussain Kazmi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Acid Number ◽

Flash Point ◽

Spark Ignition Engine ◽

Total Acid ◽

Total Acid Number ◽

Performance And Emissions ◽

Engine Performance And Emissions

Lube oils are the viscous petroleum products used in automobiles to reduce the friction. The eventual fate of lube oil is either incineration or dumping off into ground, but these resources cannot be disposed off easily due to their libellous effects on environment. This article aims to study the regeneration of deteriorated oil and impact of regenerated oil on engine performance and engine emissions. The effectuality of regeneration is studied by comparing the results of the key parameters (specific gravity, viscosity, total acid number, flash point and ash contents) of regenerated oil with that of non-deteriorated and deteriorated oil. Engine performance and emissions for regenerated oil were compared with non-deteriorated and deteriorated oil. The brake power and torque increased by 4.1% and 4.6%, respectively, following the regeneration process. After re-refining of lube oil, specific gravity, flash point, kinematic viscosity, ash content and total acid number improved by 6.75%, 2.66%, 15.6%, 1.7% and 10.64%, respectively. In case of deteriorated oil, HC, NOx and CO increased by 23.6%, 42.2% and 11.8%, respectively. But after regeneration of oil, these emissions decreased as compared with deteriorated oil. It can be reasoned out that regeneration mends oil properties and has positive impact over engine performance and emissions.

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PENGARUH BLENDING MINYAK NABATI PADA PELUMAS DARI MINYAK MINERAL TERHADAP STABILITAS OKSIDASI DAN KETAHANAN KOROSI

JURNAL KONVERSI ◽

10.24853/konversi.6.1.7-12 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Tita Diana Ningsih ◽

Retno Farida ◽

Ratri Ariatmi Nugrahani

Keyword(s):

Acid Number ◽

Total Acid ◽

Base Oil ◽

Total Acid Number

Pelumas adalah bahan yang dipakai untuk melapisi permukaan sehingga tidak kontak langsung dengan permukaan lain yang bergerak relatif terhadap permukaan lain. Beberapa usaha telah dilakukan untuk meminimalkan pemakaian pelumas dari minyak bumi, karena terbatasnya ketersediaan, tidak terbarukan dan mempunyai kelemahan diantaranya tidak mampu didegradasi sehingga bisa mengakibatkan pencemaran lingkungan. Salah satu usaha yang bisa dilakukan untuk menurunkan konsumsi dan meningkatkan karakteristik minyak bumi adalah dengan mencampurkan antara base oil dari minyak mineral dengan minyak nabati. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh pencampuran minyak nabati pada base oil dari minyak mineral terhadap kestabilan oksidasi. Kestabilan oksidasi dikaji berdasarkan sifat fisik dan kimianya, yaitu Total Acid Number (TAN), Indek Viskositas (IV), dan Uji ketahanan terhadap korosi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mencampurkan base oil minyak mineral dengan campuran minyak kelapa dan minyak dedak padi agar kualitasnya meningkat. Minyak nabati yang ditambahkan terhadap base oil minyak mineral pada penelitian ini adalah 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, serta 20% (%v/v), pencampuran dilakukan selama 15 menit pada temperatur 600C sampai dengan 700C. Campuran minyak didiamkan selama 30 hari, selanjutnya diuji Total Acid Number, Indeks Viskositas, dan Pengurangan Berat Logam Kata Kunci: Base Oil, Minyak Nabati, Stabilitas Oksidasi

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Effect of Detailed Base Oil Structure on Oxidation Performance of Automatic Transmission Fluids

World Tribology Congress III, Volume 1 ◽

10.1115/wtc2005-63563 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Mark T. Devlin ◽

Randall E. Baren ◽

Samuel H. Tersigni ◽

Tze-Chi Jao

Keyword(s):

Free Radicals ◽

Oxidative Stability ◽

Automatic Transmission ◽

Acid Number ◽

Total Acid ◽

Base Oil ◽

Frictional Properties ◽

Base Oils ◽

Total Acid Number ◽

Oxidation Performance

Automatic transmission fluids (ATF) should be oxidatively stable so that their frictional properties are maintained as the fluids are aged. To test the oxidative stability of ATFs, automobile manufacturers have created oxidation tests in which ATFs are aged in operating transmissions. In these tests, the total acid number (TAN) of the oil is measured throughout the test, and at the end of the test the TAN of the oil must be below specified limits. In general, oxidation of oils occurs by formation of free radicals that can react with the oils to form acidic species that are detected by the TAN of the used oils [1, 2]. Peroxides also form when an oil is oxidized and the peroxides can react with the oil to form acids [1,2]. Base oil structure, presence of wear metals, and the amount of oxygen dissolved in the oil can all affect the oxidative stability of oils [1,2]. Therefore, we investigated how each of these three factors affect changes in TAN as oils are aged in the GM cycling and GM oxidation tests (GMOT). Base oil structure is the major factor affecting the oxidative stability of ATFs. In particular, we have found that the cyclo-paraffin concentration in the base oils used to formulate ATFs can be related to oxidative stability. The lower the number of cycloparaffins in the base oil, the better the oxidative stability of the ATF.

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STUDI PERBANDINGAN METODE PENGUJIAN TAN (TOTAL ACID NUMBER) PLTGU DENGAN ASTM D-974

DISTILAT: JURNAL TEKNOLOGI SEPARASI ◽

10.33795/distilat.v6i2.157 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Acid Number ◽

Total Acid ◽

Total Acid Number

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Process for reducing the total acid number in refinery feedstocks

Focus on Catalysts ◽

10.1016/j.focat.2019.04.047 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 (5) ◽

pp. 7

Keyword(s):

Acid Number ◽

Total Acid ◽

Total Acid Number

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Enhancing Rheological Properties and Reduction of Total Acid Number of a Heavy Crude Oil Using Ethanol and Trona

10.2118/205621-ms ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed Almadhaji ◽

Mohammed Saeed ◽

Hitham Ibrahim ◽

Anas Ahmed ◽

Ragaei Maher

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Rheological Properties ◽

Kinematic Viscosity ◽

Acid Number ◽

Capillary Viscometer ◽

Heavy Crude Oil ◽

Production Operation ◽

Total Acid ◽

Total Acid Number ◽

Heavy Crude

Abstract One of Sudanese fields has a heavy crude oil which has a high Total Acid Number (TAN) and high viscosity, can cause a lot of problems in production operation, transport, and storage facilities. The effect of ethanol dilution on the rheological properties of crude (especially the kinematic viscosity) was studied and presented. Moreover, the consequence of blending Trona (NaHCO3.Na2CO3) with a specified amount of Ethanol in the crude can reduce (TAN) to acceptable limits for solving corrosion and flowability problems. The approach is based on the experiments and laboratory works on the crude's samples after blending with a certain amount of Trona and Ethanol. It depends on the results of apparatuses, that are used to measure the samples, for instance, Calibrated glass capillary viscometer and ASTM D664 titration volume Total Acid Number tester which are employed to get the values of kinematic viscosity and TAN, respectively. The tests are established with crude have kinematic viscosity (187 cst) at temperature 75°C and TAN almost (8.51). While increasing the dosage of Trona at the ambient temperature (38°C) with the certain mass percentage of Ethanol (5%), TAN is decreased from (8.51 to 4.00 mgKOH/g). Also, the kinematic viscosity is declined from (187 cst to 96.75 cst) after increasing the volume of Ethanol at 75°C. These outcomes indicated that Ethanol could reduce Sudanese heavy crude's viscosity, and the Trona could decrease the TAN. This reduction occurred due to Ethanol dilution. The Ethanol molecules disturb the molecular structure of the crude, which forms polar bond within the hydrocarbon chain that leads to lower the friction between molecules of hydrocarbon in the crude. Also, Trona shrinks TAN because the Hydroxide ions (OH+) that founded in Trona neutralize the Hydrogen ions (H−) in Naphthenic acid in Sudanese heavy crude. This study can be summarized in the ability to solve the difficulty of transporting and processing the heavy crude oil in refineries; maintains the quality of the crude while utilizing it with friendly environmental materials and low cost.

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