The Potential of Generating Electrical Energy from Digester Carbon Waste Sources at Erwat Wastewater Treatment Facilities, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-159
Author(s):  
Thembeka Mabaso ◽  
James Lamont Topkin ◽  
Isaac Tebogo Rampedi ◽  
Lee-Ann Sade Modley
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy Source ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Gaseous Composition ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Biogas, a renewable energy source, is generated from biomass under anaerobic treatment. Anaerobic treatment of biomass occurs within a vessel – also known as a digester – that is fully sealed off from air and usually has naturally occurring bacteria to allow digestion and the production of biogas. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of generating electrical energy from digester carbon waste sources. A GIZ/WEC model was utilized together with other WWTPa-based parameters to calculate the potential electricity that could be generated daily in two plants (Vlakplaats and Waterval), and the size of combined heat and power (CHP) suitable for the WWTPs was also identified. In terms of gaseous composition, four components were found in the biogas with CH4 and CO2 being the main constituents, having concentrations between 30%-38% and 62%-70% for CO2 and CH4, respectively. The electricity generated was on average 3 861 kWeh/day for the Vlakplaats plant and 21 777 kWeh/day for Waterval. Overall, the generation of electricity through the use of biogas is achievable, primarily when the amount of biogas produced on a daily basis reaches or exceeds the estimated biogas usage. The results obtained from this analysis showed estimate efficacy and consistency in the amount of electricity that can be generated.

DEVICE FOR CONVERTING SOLAR ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY, AS WELL AS FOR ACCUMULATING AND STORING ENERGY BY MEANS OF MOLTEN SALT (PROJECT)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
A. T. Abdukadirov ◽  
◽  
A. A. Shodiev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Special Significance

This article describes the project of a device proposed by the authors for converting solar energy into electrical energy, as well as for accumulating and storing energy through molten salt. It describes the main details and principle of operation of this device and its special significance in the field of energy as a renewable energy source, which has the highest efficiency

scholarly journals The contribution of bioethanol to sustainable development in Serbia

2013 ◽  
pp. 397-404
Author(s):  
Stevan Popov ◽  
Sinisa Dodic ◽  
Damjan Vucurovic ◽  
Jelena Dodic ◽  
Jovana Grahovac
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy Source ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
The Republic

The pollution caused by the use of fossil fuels for the production of mechanical or electrical energy is one of the most important environmental issues nowa?days. In this respect, biofuels represent a viable source of energy. Bioethanol as a renewable energy source is derived from organic material of plant origin, so-called biomass, thus reducing environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential of bioethanol in meeting future energy demands in the Republic of Serbia.

scholarly journals Marine Heat as a Renewable Energy Source

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Wayan Suparta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Deep Seawater ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
Marine Energy ◽  
Ocean Thermal Energy

The ocean, which covers two-thirds of the land surface, receives heat from the sun's rays. Ocean water also receives heat that comes from geothermal heat, which is magma located under the seafloor. Ocean surface temperatures are warmest near the equator, with temperatures from 25°C to 33°C between 0 degrees and 20 degrees north and south latitude. This temperature difference can be utilized to run the driving machine based on the thermodynamic principle. A technology called Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is capable of converting the temperature difference into electrical energy. OTEC is a power plant by utilizing the difference in the temperature of seawater on the surface and the temperature of deep seawater. This paper briefly overviews of how ocean heat can be utilized as a renewable energy source to produce electrical energy. The development and exploitation of renewable marine energy in the future are feasible and this will involve multidisciplinary fields such as robotics and informatics.

The development of anaerobic treatment and its future

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.L. McCarty
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy Source ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Broad Application ◽  
Hybrid Processes ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
Sludge Digestion

Anaerobic treatment is well over 100 years old. Its initial development was for the treatment of domestic wastewaters, using anaerobic filters and hybrid processes that are still of interest today. It then progressed in application to separate sludge digestion, then to treatment of dilute industrial wastewaters. Several processes have been developed that accomplish efficient treatment of wastewaters at short detention times. Major contributions to the broad application of anaerobic treatment and the better understanding of this process has come from efforts by G. Lettinga and his colleagues. They have emphasized its importance for meeting the need for sustainable development in the future. Greater efforts are now needed for broad application of anaerobic treatment for ridding the environment of unwanted organic materials by converting them into methane, a renewable energy source.

scholarly journals An analysis of thermodynamic properties in both traditional and enhanced geothermal systems to compare thermal efficiencies

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 103-120
Author(s):  
Samuel Peter Martin ◽  
Alexander Richmond Perry ◽  
Kirill Lushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy Source ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Enhanced Geothermal Systems ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Geothermal Systems ◽  
Average Efficiency ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Geothermal Environments

This meta-study draws upon previous research on both Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) and traditional geothermal systems (GS), using these findings to compare and investigate the thermal efficiency of each system. Efficiency calculations include reservoir enthalpy, maximum drilling well temperature, power output (per unit mass of liquid) and mass flow rate of these systems to determine whether EGS’s are viable as an alternative, more readily available renewable energy source. This meta-study suggests that EGS are more viable than naturally occurring GS in the context of future geothermal energy production as they perform with a similar average efficiency of 10-15% and, in addition, can be used in a wider range of geothermal environments.

Electrical Power Generation: Renewables—Solar and Wind

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Rez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy Source ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Simple Test ◽  
Electrical Demand ◽  
Power Densities

Solar and wind power have low power densities. Large areas will be required to generate the electrical energy that we are using right now. These energy sources are intermittent, although sunshine is reasonably predictable in desert climates. Even in these ideal locations, fixed rooftop PV can only be used to meet a relatively small proportion of total electrical demand. Solar thermal with molten salt storage has a higher efficiency, and can better match electrical demands in these places. For wind turbines to generate their advertised or rated power, winds have to be blowing at about 12 m/sec (20 kt or 24 mph). In the United States, except in mountain passes and the Texas panhandle, this does not appear to happen very often. A simple test of whether a given renewable energy source is practical is to check whether it can meet the electrical demands of a single house.

Experimental Investigations into the Use of Emergent Plants to Treat Sewage in South Africa

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. V. Alexander ◽  
A. Wood
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Artificial Wetlands ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Emergent Plants ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Oxidation Ponds

South Africa is a relatively water-short country which has many rural communities with water-borne sewage infrastructures requiring low technology treatment facilities. In order to protect the water resources of the country the authorities have set high standards for effluent quality (COD < 75 mg/l, NH3 < 10 mg/l, E. coli < 1000 and in some areas P < 1 mg/l). Traditionally, oxidation ponds have been used in these applications but have not been able to consistently meet the required standards and recently interest has been shown in artificial wetlands as a low technology means of solving the problem. As a result several experimental projects are at present being initiated in South Africa, both as primary and secondary treatment for domestic sewage and also as a tertiary treatment to remove nitrogen, phosphorus and E. coli from conventional sewage plant effluents. The designs of these experimental projects are described in the paper and it is hoped that data will be available for presentation at the seminar.

Utilization of pomegranate waste-peel as a novel substrate for biodiesel production by Bacillus cereus (MF908505)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1199-1207
Author(s):  
Amruta P. Kanakdande ◽  
Chandrahasya N. Khobragade ◽  
Rajaram S. Mane
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Energy Needs

The continuous rising demands and fluctuations in the prices of fossil fuels warrant searching for an alternative renewable energy source to manage the energy needs.

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