scholarly journals Nematodes Associated with Two Species of Mentha (Lamiaceae) in Balochistan, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aly Khan ◽  
Javaid Akhtar ◽  
Manzoor Hussain Soomro ◽  
Syed Shahid Shaukat
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Nematode Density ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Pratylenchus Thornei ◽  
Mentha Longifolia

  Nematodes associated with Mentha spicata L. and Mentha longifolia L. were investigated in Balochistan in various localities so as to assess the variation in density of different nematode species found in the rhizosphere. Ten species of nematodes were found associated with Mentha spicata while four species were found in the rhizosphere of M. longifolia. Significant differences in nematode density were recorded (p at the most p < 0.01). The dominant nematodes associated with Mentha spicata were Pratylenchus projectus and Merlinius khuzdarensis while those associated with Menthe longifolia were Xiphinema americanum and Pratylenchus thornei.    

scholarly journals Novel Sources of Resistance to Root-Lesion Nematode (Pratylenchus thornei) in a New Collection of Wild Cicer Species (C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum) to Improve Resistance in Cultivated Chickpea (C. arietinum)

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 1270-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roslyn A. Reen ◽  
Michael H. Mumford ◽  
John P. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Pratylenchus Thornei ◽  
World Collection ◽  
Wild Accessions

Pratylenchus thornei, a nematode species that feeds and reproduces in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) roots, is widespread throughout the Mediterranean basin and Indian subcontinent. In Australia, it can cause yield losses up to approximately 25% of intolerant chickpea cultivars. Potential for improvement has been hindered by the narrow genetic diversity of cultivated chickpea and a limited world collection of original wild Cicer spp. in the primary gene pool, consisting of 18 C. reticulatum and 10 C. echinospermum accessions. Recently, collections of C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum from Turkey have substantially increased the number of accessions. This study evaluated 133 C. reticulatum and 41 C. echinospermum accessions from the new collection for resistance to P. thornei under controlled conditions in repeated glasshouse pot experiments. The aim of the study was to identify accessions with resistance superior to that currently available in Australian germplasm. Both wild Cicer spp. were found, on average, to be more resistant to P. thornei (P < 0.001) than C. arietinum. Combined analyses across experiments to determine genetic rankings showed that 13 (7%) wild accessions were significantly more resistant than the most resistant C. echinospermum reference ILWC 246, while another 40 (23%) accessions were significantly more resistant than the least susceptible Australian chickpea cultivar PBA Seamer. Mean P. thornei population densities differed significantly between collection sites in Turkey and within each of the genetic population groups. The sites Kayatepe and Baristepe1, and genetic population groups Ret_A and Ret_F associated with sites Oyali and Baristepe1, produced the lowest P. thornei population densities. This is the first report assessing the resistance to P. thornei of this new collection which offers novel sources of P. thornei resistance and untapped genetic diversity valuable for international chickpea breeding programs to exploit.

Occurrence and abundance of nematodes on onion in Turkey and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties

Nematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1063-1079
Author(s):  
Elif Yavuzaslanoglu ◽  
Ozlem Ates Sonmezoglu ◽  
Nimet Genc ◽  
Z. Mutlu Akar ◽  
Atilla Ocal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Plant Feeding ◽  
Pratylenchus Thornei ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Ditylenchus Dipsaci ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Production Areas

Summary The distribution of plant-feeding and free-living nematodes in large scale onion production areas in five geographical regions in Turkey was investigated in 2016 and 2017. Ditylenchus spp. and Tylenchus spp. were widely distributed. The stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci, was found in 48 locations from 13 provinces. Other plant-feeding nematode genera were Pratylenchus, Paratylenchus and Pratylenchoides. Pratylenchus thornei was the most widely distributed root-lesion nematode species in onion fields in 11 locations from seven provinces. Pratylenchus neglectus was present in three locations and P. vulnus was in four locations. Aphelenchus spp. and Aphelenchoides spp. were the principal fungal-feeding nematodes in onion-growing areas. The most abundant bacterial-feeding nematode genera were Acrobeloides, Cephalobus, Eucephalobus and Rhabditis. Acrobeles and Wilsonema genera were low in occurrence and abundance. Nematodes from Dorylaimida and predator nematodes, Mononchus spp., were also found. The numbers of Ditylenchus from plant samples were significantly correlated positively to silt content, and significantly correlated negatively to organic matter and calcium content.

Effects of the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei, on wheat yields in Mexico

Nematology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M. Nicol ◽  
Ivan Ortiz-Monasterio
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Nematode Density ◽  
Pratylenchus Thornei ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Northwestern Mexico ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Negative Linear Relationship

Abstract Tolerance and resistance to P. thornei of seven CIMMYT-derived cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum), selected on soil naturally infested by Pratylenchus thornei and released from 1960-1997, were evaluated under optimum and limited irrigation conditions in northwestern Mexico. Replicated trials were grown in a naturally infested site in two seasons. Differences in yield, agronomic traits and nematode numbers were recorded in paired field plots, untreated or fumigated with dazomet to control nematodes. With optimum irrigation the nematode did not affect wheat yield but, with limited irrigation where plants were under water-stress, yield loss of all cultivars was comparable to that of the intolerant, susceptible control cv. Warigal (29%). There was a significant negative linear relationship (Y = –3.69 x + 3117) between initial nematode density (x) and grain yield (Y) under limited irrigation. None of these cultivars was resistant and post-harvest P. thornei populations had increased from three to 15 times the initial estimates. There was no relationship between date of release of cultivars and their responses to the nematode. There is a need for sources of resistance to be identified and incorporated into the germplasm.

Seed set in inter specific crosses of male sterile Mentha spicata with Mentha longifolia

Euphytica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 216 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Yaghini ◽  
Mohammad R. Sabzalian ◽  
Mehdi Rahimmalek ◽  
Tahmineh Garavand ◽  
Ayoub Maleki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Mentha Longifolia

Host suitability of different common bean varieties in a growth room to the plant-parasitic nematodes Pratylenchus thornei and P. neglectus

Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Azzam Saleh ◽  
Mustafa İmren ◽  
Göksel Özer ◽  
Mehmet Z. Yeken ◽  
Vahdettin Çiftçi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Pratylenchus Thornei ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Genetic Pool ◽  
Near Future

Summary Pratylenchus thornei and P. neglectus attack common bean and cause economic yield losses throughout cultivated areas in Turkey. The most effective management strategy for the P. thornei and P. neglectus infections is crop rotation with non-host crops and breeding resistant/tolerant varieties. However, parent bean genotypes immune to P. thornei and P. neglectus are not available for breeding programmes; thus, resistant varieties are commonly incorporated as parents. In the present research, a total of 36 common bean varieties were tested in a growth room for their host response to these two nematode pests. The reproduction factor and the population density of both nematode species were calculated. All tested bean varieties showed varying levels of resistance and susceptibility to P. thornei and P. neglectus. Among the dry bean varieties, nine were found to be resistant to P. thornei and three to P. neglectus, with three varieties (‘Kantar-05’, ‘Önceler-98’ and ‘Karacasehir-90’) resistant to both species. Among fresh bean varieties, ten were found to be resistant to P. thornei and four to P. neglectus, with four varieties (‘Helda’, ‘Gina’, ‘Gelincik’ and ‘Bourgondia’) resistant to both species. The resistant common bean varieties identified in this study are a valuable untapped genetic pool that will offer improved resistance levels to P. thornei and P. neglectus, especially ‘Gina’ and ‘Önceler-98’, which seem to possess a great source of resistance to P. thornei and P. neglectus, respectively, and can be used in breeding programmes in the near future.

scholarly journals Responses of Strawberry Species and Cultivars to the Root-lesion and Northern Root-knot Nematodes

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Pinkerton ◽  
Chad E. Finn
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Nematode Density ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Commercially Important

The relative susceptibility of 44 genotypes of wild Fragaria L. and commercial cultivars of strawberry Fragaria ×ananassa Duch. to Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood and Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Filipjev & Shuurmans Stekhoven was evaluated in the greenhouse. Eleven genotypes were highly resistant to populations of M. hapla from Washington State and Oregon, with Rf values (initial nematode density/final population density) less than 0.5. However, root growth of most genotypes, including resistant genotypes, was reduced by M. hapla. Thirteen genotypes were ranked more resistant to P. penetrans than F. ×ananassa `Totem', a susceptible cultivar. Root growth of most genotypes was not affected by P. penetrans under these experimental conditions. We conclude that commercial cultivars and wild Fragaria genotypes can provide a readily exploitable source of resistance to M. hapla. Conversely, sources of resistance to P. penetrans were uncommon in the germplasm evaluated. The F. ×ananassa cultivars, which already have commercially important characteristics, appear to be a better source of resistance for both nematode species than the wild, unimproved germplasm.

The nematode community in cyanobacterial biofilms in the river Llobregat, Spain

Nematology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 909-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Muñoz ◽  
Ainhoa Gaudes ◽  
Sergi Sabater ◽  
Elisabet Vilalta
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Nematode Community ◽  
Nematode Density ◽  
Sexual Strategies ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Nematode Diversity ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Ne Spain

AbstractThe aim of our study was to understand the role of the nematode community in a cyanobacterial-dominated biofilm located in the river Llobregat, NE Spain. This biofilm was mainly composed of oscillatorial species and diatoms. Fractions of these mats can become detached from the substrata and become free-floating, dispersing downstream and acquiring different structural and physiological properties. Both cyanobacterial biofilms, attached and free-floating, were compared with another benthic biofilm that occurred in the reach of the river that was studied. The nematode diversity was restricted, and was dominated by Chromadorita leuckarti, Diplogaster rivalis, Plectus parvus, Neotobrilus diversipapillatus, Monhystera spp., Dorylaimus sp. and Mononchus sp. Nematode density and biomass were significantly greater in the free-floating biofilm (maximum values of 752 ind/cm2 and 171.3 μgC/cm2). Different trophic and sexual strategies were observed. The free-floating biofilm showed higher abundances of juveniles and a high proportion of gravid females. A positive correlation was observed between cyanobacterial density and the abundance of juveniles or adults of the commonest nematode species, indicating their potential as food resources.

Impacts of permethrin contamination on nematode density and diversity: A microcosm study on benthic meiofauna from a Mediterranean coastal lagoon

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amel Soltani ◽  
Hela Louati ◽  
Amel Hanachi ◽  
Fida Ben Salem ◽  
Naceur Essid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Nematode Density ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Microcosm Study ◽  
Nematode Abundance ◽  
Specific Tolerance ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Mediterranean Coastal Lagoon

AbstractA microcosm experiment was used to examine the response of nematode in terms of density and diversity at different levels of permethrin contamination. The sediments were contaminated with three permethrin concentrations [P1: low (5 mg kg−1), P2: medium (25 mg kg−1) and P3: high (250 mg kg−1)] and the effects were evaluated after 30 days. The results from univariate and multivariate analyses showed significant differences between nematode assemblages from uncontaminated control and those from permethrin treatments. All univariate indices changed significantly at all the levels of permethrin contamination. In fact, the total nematode abundance (I), Shannon-Weaner index (H′), species richness (d), evenness (J′) and number of species (S) decreased significantly in all the contaminated microcosms. In addition, the results from multivariate analyses of the species abundance data demonstrated that permethrin affects the responses of nematode species. These significant modifications in nematode community structures with response to permethrin contamination were the consequences of a different specific tolerance to this pesticide. Thus, Araeolaimus bioculatus, Calomicrolaimus honestus, Oncholaimus campylocercoides and Theristus pertenuis characterized by increased abundances in all treated replicates, appeared to be “permethrin-resistant” species. Daptonema trabeculosum was eliminated in all the doses tested and seemed to be a very sensitive species to permethrin contamination.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis reveals key genes associated with root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei resistance in chickpea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonal Channale ◽  
Danamma Kalavikatte ◽  
John P. Thompson ◽  
Himabindu Kudapa ◽  
Prasad Bajaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Resistant Genotype ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Pratylenchus Thornei ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Moderately Resistant

AbstractThe root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei, is one of the major plant-parasitic nematode species causing significant yield losses in chickpea (Cicer arietinum). In order to identify the underlying mechanisms of resistance to P. thornei, the transcriptomes of control and inoculated roots of three chickpea genotypes viz. D05253 > F3TMWR2AB001 (resistant advanced breeding line), PBA HatTrick (moderately resistant cultivar), and Kyabra (susceptible cultivar) were studied at 20 and 50 days post inoculation using the RNA-seq approach. On analyzing the 633.3 million reads generated, 962 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Comparative analysis revealed that the majority of DEGs upregulated in the resistant genotype were downregulated in the moderately resistant and susceptible genotypes. Transcription factor families WRKY and bZIP were uniquely expressed in the resistant genotype. The genes Cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase 10, Protein lifeguard-like, Protein detoxification, Bidirectional sugar transporter Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters1 (SWEET1), and Subtilisin-like protease were found to play cross-functional roles in the resistant chickpea genotype against P. thornei. The identified candidate genes for resistance to P. thornei in chickpea can be explored further to develop markers and accelerate the introgression of P. thornei resistance into elite chickpea cultivars.

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