scholarly journals A Novel Fully Controllable Rotary Switch for Electrical Installation in Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Ziad El-Bayeh ◽  
Mohamed Zellagui ◽  
Brahim Brahmi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Investment Cost ◽  
Protection Devices ◽  
Electrical Loads ◽  
Rotary Switch ◽  
Electrical Installation

In an electrical installation in buildings, electromechanical switches are mostly used to turn on and off a load. However, sometimes there are two or more switches in the same circuit intended to control the same load. Thus, a conflict can happen between multi-users who are trying to overtake the control of the load (such as turning it on or off). To solve the problem, this paper proposes a novel switch called “Fully Controllable Rotary Switch” (FCRS) in which it can fully control not only the load but also other switches by blocking them or giving them limited or full access over the electrical circuit and the loads. For validation purposes, the utilization of FCRS in buildings is compared to the traditional switches under the same functionality and conditions. Results show that FCRS has the ability to control many electrical loads simultaneously, control other switches in the circuit, increase the satisfaction, security, and privacy of the users. Finally, it reduces the conflict between multi-users and the investment cost by avoiding installing additional switches and protection devices.

scholarly journals A NOVEL FULLY CONTROLLABLE ROTARY SWITCH FOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION IN BUILDINGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Ziad El-Bayeh ◽  
Mohamed Zellagui ◽  
Brahim Brahmi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Investment Cost ◽  
Protection Devices ◽  
Electrical Loads ◽  
Rotary Switch ◽  
Electrical Installation

In an electrical installation in buildings, electromechanical switches are mostly used to turn on and off a load. However, sometimes there are two or more switches in the same circuit intended to control the same load. Thus, a conflict can happen between multi-users who are trying to overtake the control of the load (such as turning it on or off). To solve the problem, this paper proposes a novel switch called “Fully Controllable Rotary Switch” (FCRS) in which it can fully control not only the load but also other switches by blocking them or giving them limited or full access over the electrical circuit and the loads. For validation purposes, the utilization of FCRS in buildings is compared to the traditional switches under the same functionality and conditions. Results show that FCRS has the ability to control many electrical loads simultaneously, control other switches in the circuit, increase the satisfaction, security, and privacy of the users. Finally, it reduces the conflict between multi-users and the investment cost by avoiding installing additional switches and protection devices.

scholarly journals Detecting leakage current by infrared thermography method

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
M Riduan B. M Shariff ◽  
M.F. L. Abdullah ◽  
M Yusop B. A Latiff ◽  
Ahmad B. Mohamad ◽  
Iszaizul B. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Leakage Current ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Radiation Power ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Current Leakage ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Electrical Loads ◽  
Electrical Installation

<span>An alternating current leakage can happen in electrical installation such as switchgear panel. If it’s not being detected earlier and address properly, it might lead to unintended incident or accident such as fire, electric shock, and power supply trip. Occasionally, if it appears, tracing its root cause can be difficult. The conventional method is by isolating one by one of the electrical loads with aids of multimeter and clamp meter. <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Unfortunately, this conventional method could be a tedious job for installations involved in numbers of electrical panels. Therefore, an alternative method is deeming necessary. This paper describes research works on Infrared Thermography (IRT) as a new method in detecting leakage current as aids in resolving related electrical problems. The scope of study mingling around to determine IRT’s suitable parameters that represent the identification of leakage current, derive new mathematical equation correlating leakage current to IRT and conduct experiment accordingly. Two new equations derived which are leakage current relationship to thermogram and infrared net radiation power. The results of experiment adherence to the hypothesis drawn. Consequently, helps to realize predictive maintenance concept by detecting the root cause of leakage current ahead its triggering points of unintended incident and accident.</span>

scholarly journals Fire Behavior of Electrical Installations in Buildings

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6433
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Fangrat ◽  
Katarzyna Kaczorek-Chrobak ◽  
Bartłomiej K. Papis
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Fire Properties ◽  
Real Scale ◽  
Electrical Installation

Electrical installations are a significant component of fire load inside a building, although they are often neglected in the overall fire safety analysis and are not subjected to any kind of fire safety evaluation of a building. A typical electrical installation unconnected to the mains was experimentally studied using a single burning item (SBI) test apparatus, fixed to two types of popular non-combustible or combustible (wooden-based) backgrounds simulating a typical building internal wall or ceiling. The semi-real scale test showed that poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) cable, commonly used in installations in buildings in Europe and used in SBI tests, showed high fire properties related to heat release, smoke production and flame spread to other interior elements. The results of the electrical circuit connected to the main measurements carried out showed a significant impact of the heating effect towards the uncovered surface socket, causing the possibility of easy ignition inside the installation. In conclusion, it was found that even a relatively simple and short section of electrical installation resulted in a significant increase in the heat release rate and smoke generation parameters, obtained during the SBI tests, and as a consequence a reduction of one or two reaction to fire euroclasses of construction materials for internal walls.

scholarly journals Grid Trouble in Paradise

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (12) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Tom Gibson
Keyword(s):  
High Probability ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Water Heaters ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Electrical Loads

This article discusses why Hawaii needs to find new ways to handle the influx of solar power. In Hawaii, rooftop solar panels are popping up everywhere. However, the solar boom has also created some complications, including sudden changes or disruptions in the system or problems at the distribution side, when there are lots of PV connected at the rooftops. Electrical loads in homes fluctuate all the time as power-hungry appliances like air conditioners and water heaters turn on and off, resulting in a high probability of low load and too much power. Power can go back through the nearby substation transformer and cause a rise in the voltage. That the state is split into several small islands further complicates matters. Another challenge unique to Hawaii is that each island in Hawaii is its own independent grid, and there are no neighbors to depend on for power.

Harmonic Analysis of AlN Piezoelectric Mesa Structures

2008 ◽  
Vol 1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhulika Mazumdar ◽  
A. Kabulski ◽  
R. Farrell ◽  
Sridhar Kuchibhatla ◽  
V. R. Pagán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Fem Method ◽  
In Series ◽  
Electrical Loads ◽  
Piezoelectric Structures ◽  
Fast Rise ◽  
Rc Time Constant

AbstractIn this work we report the displacement response of piezoelectric Aluminum Nitride (AlN) thin film MESA in an electrical circuit consisting of a circular MESA in series with a resistance subjected to time varying electrical loads. ANSYS was utilized for the simulation of 3D piezoelectric structures; using coupled field analysis to understand the electro-mechanical behavior of AlN thin film mesas. ANSYS applies finite element analysis (FEM) method to simulate the transient piezoelectric trends. Ringing and overshoot effects were observed in the thin simulation results on applying pulse voltages of varying frequencies to the circuit. The fast rise time of the voltage pulse could be exciting these effects. The effect of fast rising pulse voltages on the RC time constant of the circuit is still unclear at this point and needs to be further investigated.

Understanding Risk and Risk-Taking Behavior in Virtual Worlds

2011 ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Fariborz Farahmand ◽  
Eugene H. Spafford
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Online Behavior ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Privacy Risks

Virtual worlds have seen tremendous growth in recent years. However, security and privacy risks are major considerations in different forms of commerce and exchange in virtual worlds. The studies of behavioral economics and lessons from markets provide fertile ground in the employment of virtual worlds to demonstrate study and examine behaviors. In this chapter, we address user and organizational concerns about security and privacy risks by exploring the relationships among risk, perception of risk, and economic behavior in virtual worlds. To make their interaction more effective, we recommend organizations to understand perceptions of risk in virtual worlds and then implement policies and procedures to enhance trust and reduce risk. Such understanding depends in turn on the multidisciplinary nature of cyber security economics and online behavior

Ubiquinone-BODIPY nanoparticles for tumor redox-responsive fluorescence imaging and photodynamic activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byunghee Hwang ◽  
Tae-Il Kim ◽  
Hyunjin Kim ◽  
Sungjin Jeon ◽  
Yongdoo Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Selective Activation ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Intracellular Environment ◽  
Redox Responsive ◽  
Photodynamic Activity

A ubiquinone-BODIPY photosensitizer self-assembles into nanoparticles (PS-Q-NPs) and undergoes selective activation within the highly reductive intracellular environment of tumors, resulting in “turn-on” fluorescence and photosensitizing activities.

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