scholarly journals Deep extended feedback codes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Anahid Robert Safavi ◽  
Alberto G. Perotti ◽  
Branislav M. Popovic ◽  
Mahdi Boloursaz Mashhadi ◽  
Deniz G�nd�z
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Performance Evaluations ◽  
Feedback Channel ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Modulation Formats ◽  
Channel Output ◽  
The Past ◽  
Error Correction Capability ◽  
Efficiency Performance ◽  
Forward Channel

A new Deep Neural Network (DNN)-based error correction encoder architecture for channels with feedback, called Deep Extended Feedback (DEF), is presented in this paper. The encoder in the DEF architecture transmits an information message followed by a sequence of parity symbols which are generated based on the message as well as the observations of the past forward channel outputs sent to the transmitter through a feedback channel. DEF codes generalize Deepcode in several ways: parity symbols are generated based on forward channel output observations over longer time intervals in order to provide better error correction capability; and high-order modulation formats are deployed in the encoder so as to achieve increased spectral efficiency. Performance evaluations show that DEF codes have better performance compared to other DNN-based codes for channels with feedback.

A partial transmit sequence technique with error correction capability and low computation

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 4014-4027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Ying Liang ◽  
Hung-Chi Chu ◽  
Chuan-Bi Lin ◽  
Kuang-Hao Lin
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Partial Transmit Sequence ◽  
Error Correction Capability

Duration of Time in Time-Related Words

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-781
Author(s):  
Martin S. Lindauer
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
The Past

275 time-related words, considered a source for the cognitive investigation of time perspective, were assigned to 10 time intervals ranging from seconds to millennia by 32 Ss equally divided by sex. Differences were found in the duration of time connoted by the verbal materials, with reference to the frequency with which the 10 time intervals were used, as well as the time spans associated with the past, present, and future. No sex difference was noted.

scholarly journals Evidence for the Transfer of Corpuscles to Distant Parts of the Sun Following a Solar Radio Burst

1961 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 540 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Mullaly
Keyword(s):  
Radio Burst ◽  
Solar Radio ◽  
Brightness Distribution ◽  
Solar Radio Burst ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Grating Interferometer ◽  
Half Power ◽  
East West

The brightness distribution of 21-cm radiation over the Sun's surface has been studied for the past four years with the Christiansen crossed-grating interferometer (Christiansen et al. 1961) at Fleurs near Sydney. The observations described here were made using one arm of this cross as a simple grating interferometer, providing a transit instrument with a fan beam of about 2' of arc resolution to half-power points in the east-west direction and very low resolution north-south. The Sun was scanned repeatedly from east to west at time intervals of approximately 4 min.

scholarly journals A Neural Networks Approach to Detecting Lost Heritage in Historical Video

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Francesca Condorelli ◽  
Fulvio Rinaudo ◽  
Francesco Salvadore ◽  
Stefano Tagliaventi
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Images ◽  
Virtual Reconstruction ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
Video Material

Documenting Cultural Heritage through the extraction of 3D measures with photogrammetry is fundamental for the conservation of the memory of the past. However, when the heritage has been lost the only way to recover this information is the use of historical images from archives. The aim of this study is to experiment with new ways to search for architectural heritage in video material and to save the effort of the operator in the archive in terms of efficiency and time. A workflow is proposed to automatically detect lost heritage in film footage using Deep Learning to find suitable images to process with photogrammetry for its 3D virtual reconstruction. The performance of the network was tested on two case studies considering different architectural scenarios, the Tour Saint Jacques which still exists for the tuning of the networks, and Les Halles to test the algorithms on a real case of an architecture which has been destroyed. Despite the poor quantity and low quality of the historical images available for the training of the network, it has been demonstrated that, with few frames, it was possible to reach the same results in terms of performance of a network trained on a large dataset. Moreover, with the introduction of new metrics based on time intervals the measure of the real time saving in terms of human effort was achieved. These findings represent an important innovation in the documentation of destroyed monuments and open new ways to recover information about the past.

Increasing incidence of multiple sclerosis in women in Northern Finland

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Krökki ◽  
R Bloigu ◽  
M Reunanen ◽  
AM Remes
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mcdonald Criteria ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean

Background: The geographical distribution of multiple sclerosis (MS) means that prevalence rates increase with latitude north or south of the equator. Temporally, a tendency for increased incidences of MS has been observed over the past two decades. Objectives: Since epidemiological studies of MS in areas close to the Arctic Circle are rare, we evaluated the incidence and prevalence of MS in Northern Ostrobothnia by means of a retrospective cohort study covering the period 1992–2007. Methods: Patients with a definite clinical diagnosis of MS based on the Poser criteria and the early McDonald criteria of 2001 were identified in the region of Northern Ostrobothnia (population 386,972) and the incidence was calculated at 1-year time intervals, both overall and by gender. Results: The overall prevalence was 103/100,000 (95% CI, 93–113), with a female/male ratio of 2.17. The mean overall incidence was 6.3/100,000 (95% CI, 5.2–7.2). The incidence shows a tendency to increase over the 16-year period due to a pronounced rise in the female incidence. Conclusions: Our results show a high prevalence of MS in Northern Ostrobothnia and a disproportional increase in the female MS incidence. These recent epidemiological features may be associated with environmental risk factors such as a vitamin D deficit, low life-long UV radiation and the high-latitude geographical location.

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