Does Financial Crisis Affect the Cost of Equity Estimation? Evidence from the Tunisian Stock Exchange

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Kouki Mondher ◽  
Abderrazek Elkhaldi ◽  
Wided Bouani
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Cost Of Equity ◽  
Momentum Effect ◽  
Equity Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this paper is to study the impact of the recent financial crisis on equity cost estimation. We use a data of a 22 firms listed in the Tunisian stock market during the period from July 2006 to June 2011. The choice of this period is motivated by the occurrence of the financial crisis of October 2008, which divides the period into two equal sub-periods. In the first stage, we make abstraction to the crisis impact and we run the three specifications of the cost of equity: the CAPM, the Fama -French three factor model and The Carhart four-factor model. Empirical results confirm the explanatory power of the three specifications in the context of the Tunisian market. We also confirm the existence of a size effect, a book to market effect and a momentum effect. In the second stage, we show that the presence of financial crisis does not affect the cost of equity. However, we note a decrease in the coefficients of the explanatory variable after introducing the dummy crisis variable.

scholarly journals Analisis Pengaruh Upaya Penghindaran Pajak terhadap Biaya Ekuitas pada Perusahaan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Budi Harsono ◽  
Basten Roberto Halim
Keyword(s):  
Information Quality ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Cost Of Equity ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Equity Cost ◽  
Cost Measurement ◽  
Avoidance Measures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Relationship Of

The purpose of this research analysis study is to explain and introduce what are the effects of tax avoidance measures on the financial costs of a company. This research was conducted using a sample of company data registered in the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2013 to 2017. The sample used was 145 companies after being excluded companies that have the effect of avoiding negative taxes and financial statements that are incomplete or do not meet the criteria.  The results show no significant relationship between tax avoidance with the cost of equity. Research also includes moderation variables to strengthen the relationship of tax avoidance to the cost of equity. The variable of marginal moderation of incentives, outside party supervision and information quality are proven to have an effect of increasing the effect of tax avoidance on the cost of corporate equity. This shows that there are many factors that affect the cost of equity in addition to tax avoidance. The measurement of equity costs used by CAPM is one of the equity cost measurement models that can be applied in Indonesia. So the results of these studies produce unfavorable regression results on tax avoidance efforts as measured by ETR. The results of this study only focus on Indonesia, which can only provide information benefits for Indonesian companies.

Information risk, cost of equity and stock returns: evidence from Iranian firms

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Abdollahi ◽  
Mehdi Safari Gerayli ◽  
Yasser Rezaei Pitenoei ◽  
Davood Hassanpour ◽  
Fatemeh Riahi
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Cost Of Equity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Information Risk ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Purpose A long history of literature has considered the role of information risk in determining the cost of equity. The question that has remained unanswered is whether information risk plays any systematic role in determining the cost of equity. One of the fundamental decisions that every business needs to make is to assess where to invest its funds and to re-evaluate, at regular intervals, the quality of its existing investments. The cost of capital is the most important yardstick to evaluate such decisions. Greater information is associated with the lower cost of capital via mitigating transaction costs and/or reducing estimation risk and stock returns. This study aims to investigate the impact of information risk on the cost of equity and corporate stock returns. Design/methodology/approach The research sample consists of 960 firm-year observations for companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2009 to 2018. The research hypotheses were tested using multivariate regression models based on panel data. Findings The results reveal that information risk has a significant positive impact on the firm’s cost of equity. However, the impact of information risk on stock returns is not statistically significant. Originality/value To the best of the knowledge, the current study is almost the first of its kind in the Iranian literature which investigates the subject matter; therefore, the findings of the study not only extend the extant theoretical literature concerning the information risk in developing countries including the emerging capital market of Iran but also help investors, capital market regulators and accounting standard setters to make timely decisions.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Four-Factor Model and Three-Factor Model in the Nigerian Stock Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Esther Ikavbo Evbayiro-Osagie ◽  
Ifuero Osad Osamwonyi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Expected Returns ◽  
Momentum Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Portfolio Returns ◽  
Fund Portfolio ◽  
Three Factor

The study investigates if the three-factor model explains variation in expected returns of stocks on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE); and also ascertains if the four-factor model explains the variation in expected returns of stocks on the NSE better than the three-factor model. The study use a sample size of 139 stocks with continuous trading on the NSE for the period January 2007 to December 2014 to construct 10 portfolios on the bases of size, value and returns. By means of multiple OLS regression analysis method with the aid of StataC13 software the analysis was done. The empirical analysis reveals that the three-factor model explains cross sectional variation in expected returns in the NSE. Also, the study shows that the size effect, value effect as well as momentum effect is present in the market. Comparing the four-factor model with three-factor model, shows that the four-factor model have better explanatory power than the three-factor model in explaining returns in the Market. It is recommended that equity investors, fund/portfolio managers and investment advisers should embed in their operational strategies the explanatory power of market beta, size and value as well as momentum on stock/portfolio returns to enable them build up trading strategies that minimize loss and maximize returns. Market regulators and policy makers should ensure appropriate measures are in place to improve market viability and liquidity in order to enhance the depth and breathe of the market.

scholarly journals PENGARUH STRUKTUR MODAL, BIAYA EKUITAS, DAN KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA BADAN USAHA MILIK NEGARA (BUMN) YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendry Victory Supit ◽  
Herman Karamoy ◽  
Jenny Morasa
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Dividend Policy ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Equity Capital ◽  
Cost Of Equity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Capital Structure

Source of corporate funding is essential to the operations of a firm. The problem that often arises is how companies choose the capital structure that could maximise the firm value but still pay attention to the wishes of investors and creditors to take advantage of the provision of funds through equity capital and debt capital. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of capital structure, cost of equity, and dividend policy on the firm value at State Owned Enterprises (BUMN) that are listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population in this study are all state-owned enterprises listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with a study period of 2009 to 2014, totaling 20 companies. Samples were selected using purposive sampling method amounted to 13 companies. The analytical method used multiple linear regression analysis and will be processed first with using classic assumption test. As for the processing of research data using SPSS version 23.0. The test results simultaneously (F test) the capital structure, the cost of equity, and dividend policy have impact on the firm value of state-owned companies in Indonesia. After the partial test (t test), capital structure has negative impact on the firm value, but the cost of equity and dividend policy concluded no impact on firm value.

Risk and returns in Shari’ah-compliant cross-section stocks: evidence from an emerging market

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-643
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hanif ◽  
Abdullah Iqbal ◽  
Zulfiqar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Market Returns ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Three Factor

Purpose This study aims to understand and document the impact of market-based – market returns and momentum – as well as firm-specific – size, book-to-market (B/M) ratio, price-to-earnings ratio (PER) and cash flow (CF) – factors on pricing of Shari’ah-compliant securities as explanation of variations in stock returns in an emerging market – Pakistan’s Karachi Stock Exchange. Design/methodology/approach Initially, the authors test Fama and French (FF) three-factor model – market risk premium, size and B/M – followed by modified FF model by including additional risk factors (PER, CF and momentum) over a 10-year period (2001-2010). Findings Our results support superiority of FF three-factor model over single-factor capital asset pricing model. However, addition of further risk factors – including PER, CF and momentum – improves explanatory power of the model, as well as refines the selection of risk factors. In this study, CF, B/M and momentum factors remain insignificant. Traditional B/M factor in FF model is replaced by PER. Practical implications Based on the modified FF model, the authors propose a stock valuation model for Shari’ah-compliant securities consisting of three factors: market returns, size and earnings, which explains 76per cent variations in cross sectional stock returns. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study (which combines market-based as well as fundamental factors) on pricing of Islamic securities and identification of risk factors in an emerging market – Karachi Stock Exchange.

The Impact of Financial Crisis on the Determinants of Capital Structure of Listed Firms in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-121
Author(s):  
Naliniprava Tripathy ◽  
Aman Asija
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Pecking Order ◽  
Pecking Order Theory ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of 2007 financial crisis on the performance of capital structure of 88 non-financial companies listed on National Stock Exchange of India during the period between January 2003 to May 2014 by using Fixed Effect (FE) and Random Effect (RE) Models. The study has divided the data period into two distinct time intervals: (2003 -2007) as “pre-crisis” periods and (2008 – 2014) as “post-crisis” periods. The determinants of capital structure such as size, liquidity, profitability, and tangibility are used in the analysis. The findings show that tangibility and size have a greater influence on capital structure decision before crisis period. The findings also show that the coefficient of profitability is negative, displaying an inverse relationship with leverage. The study concludes that pecking order theory has more explanatory power in comparison to other theories in explaining the factors that determine the capital structure decision of listed firms of India.

scholarly journals Application of asset pricing models: evidence from Saudi exchange

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 348-368
Author(s):  
Hussein Mohammad Salameh
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Stock Exchanges ◽  
East Region ◽  
Consistent Model ◽  
Fama And French ◽  
The Impact

The Saudi Arabia Stock Exchange (Tadawul) is one of the biggest emerging Stock Exchanges in the Middle East region. Therefore, this research aims to apply Fama and French (2015) 5-factor model on Tadawul, and compares it with the Fama and French 3-factor model and CAPM to check the applicability of the models in Tadawul and the identity of the factors that can affect stock returns. Furthermore, the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) regression has been implemented to examine the impact between the variables in the models. Empirically, the results show that Fama and French (2015) 5-factor model is the most consistent model in comparison to the other two models in terms of explaining the cross-section of average stock returns in Tadawul. However, it is not the best according to the intercepts results of all the regressions in 2x3, 2x2, or 2x2x2x2 sorts. Besides, Fama and French (2015) 5-factor model has the highest explanatory power in most of the portfolios based on the adjusted R2 regardless of the sort (2x3, 2x2, or 2x2x2x2). Finally, the results conclude that Fama and French (2015) 5-factor model can be an applicable model in Tadawul but only market and size can affect the stock returns, while the value, profitability, and investment cannot. Accordingly, the author recommends that, as a continuation of this research, further research can be done, which investigates a model with additional factors like momentum and illiquidity.

scholarly journals The Impact of Stock Price Crash Risk on the Cost of Capital: Empirical Study from China

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-97
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hamza Khan ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan
Keyword(s):  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Cost Of Debt ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Cost Of Equity ◽  
Coefficient Of Skewness ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

This study analysed the effect of Sock Price Crash Risk (SPCR) on the cost of capital in Chinese listed firms in the Shenzhen stock exchange and the shanghai Stock Exchange. A sample of 290 firms based on the highest value of assets of each firm was used. The cost of capital consists of two factors; the cost of equity (COE) and the cost of debt (COD). The SPCR is measured by using two statistics, one is NCSKEW means the negative coefficient of skewness of the firm-specific weekly returns and the second is DUVOL that means Down to-Up Volatility used to measure the crash likelihood weekly return of firm-specific and used the Modified PEG ratio model of Eston approach to measuring the cost of equity. We used panel data to run the regression model analyses. SPCR was found to have a significantly positive relationship with the cost of equity and cost of debt. Also, the sample was divided into the State-Owned enterprise (SOEs) and Non-State-Owned enterprises (NSOEs) for comparison. The results show that the impact of SPCR on the COE and COD is stronger in SOEs than NSOEs. The regulators need to improve and strengthen the development of laws and regulations related to company information disclosure, to reduce the cost of capital of listed companies and improve the efficiency of financing the Chinese capital market. Companies need to work together to strengthen internal controls, create a good disclosure environment, and prevent the SPCR.

The performance of the Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment compliant listed property firms in South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omokolade Akinsomi ◽  
Katlego Kola ◽  
Thembelihle Ndlovu ◽  
Millicent Motloung
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Sharpe Ratio ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Black Economic ◽  
Black Economic Empowerment ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) on the risk and returns of listed and delisted property firms on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). The study was investigated to understand the impact of Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) property sector charter and effect of government intervention on property listed markets. Design/methodology/approach – The study examines the performance trends of the listed and delisted property firms on the JSE from January 2006 to January 2012. The data were obtained from McGregor BFA database to compute the risk and return measures of the listed and delisted property firms. The study employs a capital asset pricing model (CAPM) to derive the alpha (outperformance) and beta (risk) to examine the trend amongst the BEE and non-BEE firms, Sharpe ratio was also employed as a measurement of performance. A comparative study is employed to analyse the risks and returns between listed property firms that are BEE compliant and BEE non-compliant. Findings – Results show that there exists differences in returns and risk between BEE-compliant firms and non-BEE-compliant firms. The study shows that BEE-compliant firms have higher returns than non-BEE firms and are less risky than non-BEE firms. By establishing this relationship, this possibly affects the investor’s decision to invest in BEE firms rather than non-BBBEE firms. This study can also assist the government in strategically adjusting the policy. Research limitations/implications – This study employs a CAPM which is a single-factor model. Further study could employ a multi-factor model. Practical implications – The results of this investigation, with the effects of BEE on returns, using annualized returns, the Sharpe ratio and alpha (outperformance), results show that BEE firms perform better than non-BEE firms. These results pose several implications for investors particularly when structuring their portfolios, further study would need to examine the role of BEE on stock returns in line with other factors that affect stock returns. The results in this study have several implications for government agencies, there may be the need to monitor the effect of the BEE policies on firm returns and re-calibrate policies accordingly. Originality/value – This study investigates the performance of listed property firms on the JSE which are BEE compliant. This is the first study to investigate listed property firms which are BEE compliant.

scholarly journals The Impact of CEOs' Compensations on Cost Stickiness in Industrial Companies Listed on the Amman Stock Exchange

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Lina Fuad Hussien
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Cost Behavior ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cost Stickiness

The purpose of this study is to analyze the asymmetry in cost behavior (cost stickiness) and to identify the impact of CEOs' compensation on the degree of cost stickiness behavior. The study population consists of the public shareholding companies listed on the ASE, which number (56) industrial company. Data were collected from (35) industrial companies for the period (2009 - 2019). To measure the degree of costs stickiness, The Model of Weiss (2010) was used. The Model of Weiss (2010) takes into account the costs and changes in the level of activity (sales) for the last four quarters of the company, Weiss (2010) model constructs the difference in logarithmic ratios of changes in cost. The study found that the CEO's compensation in Jordanian industrial companies consists of two forms. The companies pay fixed salaries or performance-related bonuses. The study found that the form of compensation that is paid to the CEO affects the behavior of managers. The results indicated that the performance-related rewards are accompanied by a decrease in the level of cost stickiness, and the compensation paid in the form of fixed salaries are accompanied by a high level of cost stickiness. The study recommends that companies should understand the role of the compensation form in administrative decisions, especially with regard to resource modifications, as management motives in relation to resource modifications must be taken into account because of their clear and direct impact on the cost structure of companies.

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