scholarly journals Sources and rates of nitrogen in summer corn under no-tillage on winter cover crops

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 1516-1521
Author(s):  
Werncke Ivan ◽  
Nelson Melegari de Souza Samuel ◽  
Bassegio Doglas ◽  
Ferreira Santos Reginaldo ◽  
Pereira Dias Patricia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

Effects of Cover Crops and Tillage on Sweet Corn Production

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 476d-476
Author(s):  
Gary R. Cline ◽  
Anthony F. Silvernail
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Total N ◽  
No Till ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

A split-plot factorial experiment examined effects of tillage and winter cover crops on sweet corn in 1997. Main plots received tillage or no tillage. Cover crops consisted of hairy vetch, winter rye, or a mix, and N treatments consisted of plus or minus N fertilization. Following watermelon not receiving inorganic N, vetch, and mix cover cropsproduced total N yields of ≈90 kg/ha that were more than four times greater than those obtained with rye. However, vetch dry weight yields (2.7 mg/ha) were only about 60% of those obtained in previous years due to winter kill. Following rye winter cover crops, addition of ammonium nitrate to corn greatly increased (P < 0.05) corn yields and foliar N concentrations compared to treatments not receiving N. Following vetch, corn yields obtained in tilled treatments without N fertilization equaled those obtained with N fertilization. However, yields obtained from unfertilized no-till treatments were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than yields of N-fertilized treatments. Available soil N was significantly (P < 0.05) greater following vetch compared to rye after corn planting. No significant effects of tillage on sweet corn plant densities or yields were detected. It was concluded that no-tillage sweet corn was successful, and N fixed by vetch was able to sustain sweet corn production in tilled treatments but not in no-till treatments.In previous years normal, higher-yielding vetch cover crops were able to sustain sweet corn in both tilled and no-till treatments.

Winter cover crops reduce the soil seed bank and infestations of italian ryegrass in No‐Tillage System

Crop Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanei Cechin ◽  
Maicon Fernando Schmitz ◽  
Jonathan Schwanz Torchelsen ◽  
Miria Rosa Durigon ◽  
Dirceu Agostinetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

scholarly journals Benefits of winter cover crops and no-tillage for microbial parameters in a Brazilian Oxisol: A long-term study

2014 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elcio L. Balota ◽  
Ademir Calegari ◽  
Andre S. Nakatani ◽  
Mark S. Coyne
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

scholarly journals Soil Carbon, Glomalin, And Aggregation in Onion Crop Under No-Tillage with Cover Crops or Conventional Tillage Systems for Eight Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Juliana Gress Bortolini ◽  
Cláudio Roberto Fonsêca Sousa Soares ◽  
Matheus Junckes Muller ◽  
Guilherme Wilbert Ferreira ◽  
Edenilson Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Oilseed Radish ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

Crop systems using cover crops affect soil physical, chemical, and biological attributes, including aggregate formation. This work aims to evaluate winter cover crop species' effect on soil total organic carbon, glomalin, and aggregation in areas with onion crops in a no-tillage vegetable production system (NTVS) and conventional tillage system (CTS) for eight years. The experiment treatments were: control, with natural vegetation(NV); black oats (Avena strigosa); rye(Secale cereale);oilseed radish(Raphanus sativus);intercropped black oats and oilseed radish; intercropped rye and oilseed radish; and a conventional tillage systems area. A 33-year old adjacent secondary forest was evaluated as a reference for undisturbed conditions. We assessed soil total organic carbon, total glomalin, and easily extractable glomalin in three soil layers (0-5, 5-10, and 10-20 cm depth). Undisturbed samples were used to quantify soil aggregate stability, aggregation indexes (weighted mean diameter; geometric mean diameter), aggregate mass distribution (macroaggregates, mesoaggregates), and macroaggregate carbon contents. The conventional tillage areas had the lowest weighted mean soil aggregate diameter, geometric mean diameter, and macroaggregate mass. Those areas also had the lowest bulk soil and aggregate organic carbon contents and the lowest total and easily extractable glomalin. Winter cover crops' use resulted in a 10% higher aggregate weighted mean diameter and geometric mean diameter. Areas with cover crops had 13% higher organic carbon contents in aggregates and 17% higher macroaggregate mass than conventional tillage areas. The highest values of total and easily extracted glomalin occurred in plots with black oats. Winter cover crops, single or intercropped, improved physical attributes of soils with onion crops under not-tillage compared to conventional tillage areas.

scholarly journals Biomass and nutrient cycling by winter cover crops

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Koefender ◽  
André Schoffel ◽  
Candida Elisa Manfio ◽  
Diego Pascoal Golle
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Oilseed Radish ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Subsequent Crop ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops ◽  
Cycling Of Nutrients

ABSTRACT Cover crops are of fundamental importance for the sustainability of the no-tillage system, to ensure soil coverage and to provide benefits for the subsequent crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of biomass and the content and accumulation of nutrients by winter cover crops. The experimental design used in the experiment was a randomized complete block with four replications and six treatments: oilseed radish, vetch, black oats, vetch + black oats, vetch + oilseed radish and fallow. Black oat, oilseed radish in single cultivation and black oat + vetch and vetch + oilseed radish intercroppings showed higher dry matter production. Vetch + oilseed radish intercropping demonstrates higher performance regarding cycling of nutrients, with higher accumulations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Zn, Fe, Na and B.

scholarly journals Soil carbon sequestration and stocks: short-term impact of maize succession to cover crops in Southern Brazil Inceptisol

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. e0304
Author(s):  
Jorge L. Locatelli ◽  
Felipe Bratti ◽  
Ricardo H. Ribeiro ◽  
Marcos R. Besen ◽  
Eduardo Brancaleoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Short Term ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops ◽  
Soc Stocks

Aim of study: To evaluate soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and stock over the succession of maize to winter cover crops under a short-term no-tillage system.Area of study: A subtropical area in Southern Brazil.Material and methods: The experiment was implemented in 2013. The treatments were: seven winter cover crops single cultivated (white-oats, black-oats, annual-ryegrass, canola, vetch, fodder-radish and red-clover); an intercropping (black-oats + vetch); and a fallow, with maize in succession. Soil samples were collected after four years of experimentation, up to 0.60 m depth, for SOC determination.Main results: SOC stocks at 0-0.6 m depth ranged from 96.2 to 107.8 t/ha. The SOC stocks (0-0.60 m depth) were higher under vetch and black-oats, with an expressive increase of 23 and 20% for C stocks in the 0.45-0.60 m layer, compared to fallow. Thus, SOC sequestration rates (0-0.60 m depth), with vetch and black oats, were 1.68 and 0.93 t/ha·yr, respectively.Research highlights: The establishment of a high-quality and high C input cover crops in the winter, as vetch or black-oats in succession to maize, are able to increase SOC stocks, even in the short term. 

scholarly journals Effects of Cover Crops, Nitrogen, and Tillage on Sweet Corn

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary R. Cline ◽  
Anthony F. Silvernail
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

Effects of tillage, inorganic N, and winter cover crops on sweet corn (Zea mays) were examined in 1994, 1995, and 1996. Tillage treatments were tillage or no tillage, and N treatments were the addition of inorganic N at 0 (N0) or 200 (N+) kg·ha-1 (0 or 179 lb/acre). Winter cover crops included hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), winter rye (Secale cereale), and a vetch/rye biculture. In the N0, rye treatment, the soil was N deficient in 1994 and highly N deficient in 1995 and 1996. When vetch shoot N content was ≥150 kg·ha-1 (134 lb/acre) (1994 and 1995), addition of inorganic N did not increase corn yields, and it only increased corn foliar N concentrations by 8%. Reductions in corn yields (29%) and foliar N concentrations (24%) occurred when vetch shoot N content was only 120 kg·ha-1 (107 lb/acre) (1996) and inorganic N was not supplied. In 1994, the vetch/rye biculture supplied sufficient N for maximum corn yields, but addition of inorganic N increased yields by more than 50% in 1995 and 1996. Under tilled conditions, the vetch N contribution to corn appeared to equal (1996) or exceed (1994 and 1995) 82 kg·ha-1 (73 lb/acre) of N supplied as ammonium nitrate, whereas a mean value of 30 kg·ha-1 (27 lb/acre) was obtained for the biculture cover crop (1995 and 1996). No significant effects of tillage on sweet corn population densities were detected following vetch, but no-tillage significantly reduced corn population densities following rye (17%) or biculture (35%) cover crops compared to tillage. No-tillage did not reduce yields from emerged seedlings (per plant basis) for any cover crops. Vetch appeared to be a satisfactory N source for sweet corn when vetch N content was ≥150 kg·ha-1, and it could be used with no-tillage without yield reductions.

scholarly journals Evolution of soil cover and dry shoot phytomass accumulation of autumn/winter cover crops and its effect on the agronomic performance of soybean grown in succession

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e3310413797
Author(s):  
Guilherme Semião Gimenez ◽  
João Henrique Vieira de Almeida Junior ◽  
Vinicius Cesar Sambatti ◽  
Vagner do Nascimento ◽  
Giliardi Dalazen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Avena Strigosa ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

The cultivation of cover crops under no-tillage systems can promote positive improvements in soil attributes and promote increases in grain yield of successor crops, such as soybeans. The aim of this work was to evaluate the evolution of soil cover and accumulation of dry shoot phytomass of autumn/winter cover crops and their impact on the agronomic performance of soybean grown in succession. Black oats (Avena strigosa), rye (Secale cereale) and turnip (Raphanus sativus) were used as cover species in single crops, dual and triple intercropping, in addition to the fallow and weeded controls. The percentage of soil cover (%) and the accumulation of dry shoot phytomass were evaluated at 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 105 days after sowing (DAS). In soybean crop, plant height, number of productive nodes per plant, number of pods per plant, mass of a thousand grains and grain yield were evaluated. The cultivation of turnip single provided the fastest soil coverage, with 90.0% at 45 DAS. The intercropping between rye + turnip provided the largest accumulations of dry shoot phytomass, greater than 7.0 Mg ha-1 at 105 DAS. The highest soybean yields were obtained in succession to the cultivation of black oat and rye in single, yielding approximately 3,300 kg ha-1, 50% higher compared to fallow and weeded treatments.

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