scholarly journals Behavioral Responses of Tabanidae and Stomoxys calcitrans to Unbaited and Baited Nzi and Horse Pal Traps in Southern Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Gabriela Vaduva
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Olfactory Cues ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Stable Flies ◽  
Wood Pasture ◽  
Surrogate Host ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First Time

The distribution and species diversity of tabanids and stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus, 1758, in the research area, Hästhult (wood pasture) in Sweden, as well as the behavioral responses of biting flies to visual and olfactory cues were highlighted by this study. Beyond the control of tabanids and stable flies through the Nzi and Horse Pal traps that act as a surrogate host, this study sought to demonstrate the attractiveness of biting flies to these traps by comparing the results of the two periods in which the traps were unbaited and baited. The odor attractants, such as urine (a mixture of more than phenol) and acetone used to increase trap yields, made the difference to the Horse Pal and Nzi traps for S. calcitrans (L) because the number of flies caught was significantly higher. Through this study, Nzi trap with bait and Horse Pal trap with and without bait were tested for the first time as regards the tabanids and S. calcitrans (L) in Scandinavia. Surprisingly, the number of tabanids caught in the Nzi trap was equal in both situations with or without bait. The result underlined the idea that the Nzi trap manages to catch a large number of tabanids even in the absence of attractants. It turns out that the Horse Pal trap was just as effective with and without bait in capturing tabanids. Furthermore, the number of tabanids caught in both traps depended on the type of weather, and the number of stable flies depended on the weather and also the type of trap. The results of this study showed that both the visual and olfactory aspects of the Nzi and Horse Pal traps are always essential, being used successfully in the control of biting flies and optimized for various research purposes.

scholarly journals A study on bloodsucking Tabanidae and Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera) attacking horses and cows in Northern Scania, Sweden

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Gabriela Vaduva
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Capture Rate ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Stable Flies ◽  
Wood Pasture ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Species Activity ◽  
Landscape Types ◽  
Landing Behavior

<p class="jbls"><span lang="EN-US">In Sweden, during summer, grazing horses and cows are frequently exposed to bloodsucking flies. This study has been performed in the geographical areas of Gundrastorp (pasture) and Kämlehöjalt (wood pasture), in northern Scania, Sweden where the occurrences of biting flies may represent a scourge for domesticated animals. The distribution of biting flies, Tabanidae and <em>Stomoxys calcitrans</em> (L) (known as stable flies) was studied by insect trapping using two Nzi traps, one for each habitat. No attractants have been used in order to improve trap capture rate. This research pointed out that tabanid and stable flies did not show any preference between the two landscape types or between hosts where they get their blood meal. Capture rates increased on days with high temperature. There were also differences in number between all types of weather for both tabanid and stable flies. In terms of species activity in all types of weather, 13 species of Tabanidae displayed some differences between them in each habitat. In the genus Tabanus, <em>Tabanus bromius</em> and <em>Tabanus maculicornis</em> showed similar patterns with regards to daily activity in different types of weather, being followed by <em>Haematopota pluvialis </em>and<em> Hybomitra bimaculata</em>. Moreover, with regards to the number of male and female tabanids collected in Nzi traps, a higher difference for each area was found. As a parallel survey, the landing behavior of each genus of collected tabanids on blue and black colors before going into Nzi traps showed the same variation during the experiments. Nzi traps set near the horses and cows have shown high efficiency in capturing biting flies, allowing animals to graze somewhat undisturbed.</span></p>

African swine virus maintenance in stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) and blowflies (Calliphoridae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Vlasov ◽  
◽  
A.D. Sereda ◽  
V.M. Balyshev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Stable Flies ◽  
Swine Virus

Strategies for Oral Delivery of Metal-Saturated Lactoferrin

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1046-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Gajda-Morszewski ◽  
Klaudyna Śpiewak-Wojtyła ◽  
Maria Oszajca ◽  
Małgorzata Brindell
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Time

Lactoferrin was isolated and purified for the first time over 50-years ago. Since then, extensive studies on the structure and function of this protein have been performed and the research is still being continued. In this mini-review we focus on presenting recent scientific efforts towards the elucidation of the role and therapeutic potential of lactoferrin saturated with iron(III) or manganese(III) ions. The difference in biological activity of metal-saturated lactoferrin vs. the unmetalated one is emphasized. The strategies for oral delivery of lactoferrin, are also reviewed, with particular attention to the metalated protein.

Nokhri, Ger, and the Art of Separation in the Hebrew Bible

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Ophir ◽  
Ishay Rosen-Zvi
Keyword(s):  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Biblical Literature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First Time

This chapter traces the developments of various terms denoting “others” in biblical literature. In much of the biblical corpus, Israel is still one goy among many, and the difference between it and its Others is neither binary nor stable. After a brief analysis of the dynamics of familial and ethnwic separations in Genesis and Exodus, this chapter concentrates on the priestly and Deuteronomistic modes of separating peoples, examines the novelty and limitedness of the Deuteronomistic legislation, where the nokhri (stranger) is systematically contrasted for the first time with the Israelite (referred to as “your brother”), and follows the various modes of separations and their rationales.

scholarly journals The Value of a Decrease in Temperature by One Degree Celsius of the Regional Microclimate—The Cooling Effect of the Paddy Field

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Ya-Wen Chiueh ◽  
Chih-Hung Tan ◽  
Hsiang-Yi Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Field Temperature ◽  
Bare Land ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Difference

In the face of climate change, extreme climates are becoming more frequent. There were severe droughts in Taiwan in 2020, 2014–2015, and 2002. In these years, the paddy fields were kept fallow to save water and transfer agricultural water to non-agricultural use. On the other hand, with global warming, the existence of paddy fields may be one of the natural solutions to regional temperature mitigation. This study used remote sensing to quantify the difference in temperature between paddy fields and urban areas. The result of overall surface temperature deductive analysis revealed that the temperature in the whole Taoyuan research area was 1.2 °C higher in 2002 than in 2003 because of fallowing of the paddy field, while in the Hsinchu research area, it was 1.5 °C higher in 2002 than in 2003, due to the same reason described above. In terms of the difference in land use, for the Hsinchu research area, the surface temperature deductive result showed that the average paddy field temperature in 2002 was 22.3 °C (sample area average), which was 7.7 °C lower than that of the building and road point and 4.3 °C lower than that of the bare land point. The average paddy field temperature in 2003 was 19.2 °C (sample area average), which was 10.1 °C lower than that of the building and road point and 8.3 °C lower than that of the bare land point. Then this study evaluated the economic valuation of the paddy field cooling effect using the contingent valuation method. Through the paddy field cooling effect and in the face of worsening extreme global climate, the willingness to pay (WTP) of the respondents in Taiwan for a decrease of 1 °C with regard to the regional microclimate was evaluated. It was found that people in Taiwan are willing to pay an extra 8.89 USD/per kg rice/year for the paddy for a decrease in temperature by 1 °C in the regional microclimate due to the paddy field. Furthermore, this study applied the benefits transfer method to evaluate the value of a decrease of 1 °C in the regional microclimate in Taiwan. The value of a decrease of 1 °C in the regional microclimate in Taiwan is 9,693,144,279 USD/year. In this regard, the economic value of 1 °C must not be underestimated. In conclusion, more caution is needed while making decisions to change the land use of paddy fields to other land uses.

Isolation of Enterobacter sakazakii from Stable Flies, Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae)†

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. MRAMBA ◽  
A. BROCE ◽  
L. ZUREK
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
Enterobacter Sakazakii ◽  
Stable Flies ◽  
16S Rdna Pcr ◽  
Glucose Agar

Enterobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that causes meningitis, enterocolitis, and sepsis, primarily in immunocompromised infants. Previously, it was suggested that stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans, were a vector or reservoir of this pathogen. In our study, by means of a culturing approach combined with 16S rDNA PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism genotyping and sequencing, we screened 928 individual stable flies collected in Kansas and Florida. Two stable flies (0.2%) were positive for E. sakazakii. In addition, 411 (44%) stable flies carried bacteria-forming red colonies (presumably enterics) on a violet red bile glucose agar (mean count = 6.4 × 104 CFU per fly), and 120 (13%) stable flies carried fecal coliforms (mean count = 8.7 × 103 CFU per fly). Sequencing of 16S rDNA showed that enterics from violet red bile glucose agar were represented by several genera, including Escherichia, Shigella, Providencia, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Proteus, Serratia, and Morganella. Our study shows that stable flies carry bacteria typically present in animal manure (a developmental site of stable fly larvae), which indicates that the natural reservoir of E. sakazakii is the digestive tract or manure of domestic animals. The low prevalence of E. sakazakii associated with stable flies suggests that stable flies do not play a major role as a reservoir or vector of this pathogen.

Species diversity and abundance of Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae) in five ecosystems of Penang, West Malaysia

1982 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan Keng-Hong ◽  
Lee Soo-Lam
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Methyl Eugenol ◽  
Dacus Dorsalis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vegetable Farm ◽  
First Time

AbstractDacus dorsalis Hend. infested eleven, D. cucurbitae Coq. five and D. umbrosus F. two of the eighteen common fruits and vegetables grown in Penang, West Malaysia. D. tau (Wlk.) infested bacang (Mangifera foetida), D. caudatus F. chilli (Capsicum annuum) and D. frauenfeldi Schin. water guava (Eugenia javanica), together with D. dorsalis. Pomelo (Citrus grandis) was found infested for the first time by D. cucurbitae. No flies were trapped using Capilure and trimedlure as baits. Cue-lure attracted D. caudatus, D. cucurbitae, D. frauenfeldi, D. occipitalis (Bez.) and D. tau. Methyl eugenol attracted D. dorsalis and D. umbrosus. Dorsalure was less attractive to D. caudatus and D. dorsalis than cue-lure and methyl eugenol, respectively, but it was equally attractive to D. frauenfeldi as cue-lure. Using traps baited with cue-lure or methyl eugenol in five ecosystems, the highest numbers of males of D. dorsalis, D. umbrosus, D. frauenfeldi and D. caudatus trapped were from a village, on a vegetable farm for D. cucurbitae, and D. occipitalis was only caught in a forest. Analysis showed that for each species of Dacus the difference between ecosystems was highly significant. The few examples caught in grassland were probably migrants.

Dose-window dependence on Si crystal orientation in separation by implanted oxygen substrate formation

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3607-3613 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Iikawa ◽  
M. Nakao ◽  
K. Izumi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Oxygen Ion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First Time ◽  
Good Agreement

Separation by implemented oxygen (SIMOX)(111) substrates have been formed by oxygen-ion (16O+) implantation into Si(111), showing that a so-called “dose-window” at 16O+-implantation into Si differs from Si(100) to Si(111). In SIMOX(100), an oxygen dose of 4 × 1017/cm2 into Si(100) is widely recognized as the dose-window when the acceleration energy is 180 keV. For the first time, our work shows that an oxygen dose of 5 × 1017/cm2 into Si(111) is the dose-window for the formation of SIMOX(111) substrates when the acceleration energy is 180 keV. The difference between dose-windows is caused by anisotropy of the crystal orientation during growth of the faceted buried SiO2. We also numerically analyzed the data at different oxidation velocities for each facet of the polyhedral SiO2 islands. Numerical analysis results show good agreement with the experimental data.

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