scholarly journals Effect of Fetal Sex on Total Levels of Maternal Serum Testosterone

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Nabi ◽  
Tariq Aziz ◽  
Muhammad Amin ◽  
Ayaz Ali Khan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Fetal Sex ◽  
Female Fetus ◽  
Fetal Effect ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to find out the effect of fetal sex on maternal serum total testosterone level and its application for fetal sex determination.Forty healthy pregnant (second trimester) females were recruited in the study from rural areas of district Dir lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, having complete antenatal record. Twenty of them were carrying single male fetuses and twenty female fetuses. The inclusions criteria were age (25 to 30), second trimester, absence of serious diseases, availability of antenatal record, no drug addiction and no exposure to pesticides.  Blood samples at 5 ml size were collected from each woman, serum was obtained and was assayed by Bio-check (USA) kit according to the manufacturer protocol.In male fetus group the mean and SD was 169±27.18 ng/dl and in female fetus group the Mean± SD was 166.6±30.47 ng/dl. There was nosignificant difference (P 0.1062) between the two groups at 95% confidence level.The results suggest that sex of the fetus has no association with maternal serum total testosterone among the study population-and should not be analyzed for sex determination. Further study with bigger sample size of different population groups in different gestational stages is needed to find the fetal effect on maternal serum testosterone because, increased level of testosterone in females can cause aggression, other behavioral changes, acnes and abrupt growth of pubic and axillary hairs.

scholarly journals Comparison of uterine fibroids’ growth pattern during pregnancy according to fetal sex: an observational study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Delli Carpini ◽  
Valeria Verdecchia ◽  
Maria Papiccio ◽  
Camilla Grelloni ◽  
Andrea Ciavattini
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Uterine Fibroids ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Fetal Sex ◽  
Female Fetus ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background To investigate the effect of fetal sex on fibroids’ growth during pregnancy according to the hCG serum levels Methods Observational study conducted from January 2007 to December 2016 on women with ultrasound identification of uterine fibroids who had a pregnancy within 1 year from diagnosis. The fibroids diameter was determined during the pre-pregnancy ultrasound, early first trimester (5–7 weeks), late first trimester (11–13 weeks), second trimester (19–21 weeks), and third trimester (31–33 weeks). The diameter growth was calculated in each interval between two ultrasounds. The hCG serum levels were determined both in early and late first trimester. The correlation between hCG levels and fibroid diameter was evaluated. Obstetric outcomes collected were gestational weeks at birth and the rate of cesarean section. Neonatal outcomes were birthweight and Apgar score at 1 min. Results Eighty-seven of the included women had a male fetus, and 70 had a female fetus. A progressive increase of fibroid diameter was observed from pre-pregnancy to second trimester for both fetal sexes. In third trimester, the mean ± SD fibroid diameter of female fetuses showed a slowdown, while the mean ± SD fibroid diameter of male fetuses continued to grow. Women carrying a female fetus presented a higher fibroid diameter in early first trimester (33.5 ± 13.3 mm vs 27.4 ± 11.0 mm, p < 0.01), late first trimester (40.2 ± 13.9 mm vs 34.6 ± 11.7 mm, p < 0.01), and second trimester (40.5 ± 14.9 mm vs 34.7 ± 10.3 mm, p < 0.01). The hCG serum levels resulted higher in women with a female fetus: 61406 (50554-71760) mU/ml vs 46016 (37160-56744) mU/ml (p < 0.01). A positive correlation between hCG levels and fibroid diameter was found both for male and female fetuses (male r = 0.77, 95% CI 0.71–0.82, p < 0.01 and female r = 0.82, 95% CI 0.76–0.86, p < 0.01). Conclusion Women with female fetus seem to have a higher growth of fibroids up to second trimester of pregnancy. This process may be mediated by the higher serum hCG levels found in women expecting a female fetus.

scholarly journals Does Varicocelectomy Improve Gonadal Function in Men with Hypogonadism and Infertility? Analysis of a Prospective Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasan Sathya Srini ◽  
Srinivas Belur Veerachari
Keyword(s):  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Testosterone Level ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Group 1

Varicocele in infertile males is associated with Leydig cell dysfunction and hypogonadism. The effect of varicocelectomy on serum testosterone level is not yet established. We analysed 200 heterosexual infertile men diagnosed to have clinical varicocele they were divided into two groups: group 1 (100 men) had microsurgical varicocelectomy, and group 2 (100 patients) underwent assisted reproduction procedures. All participants had semen analysis, serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, and total testosterone (TT), measured both at recruitment time and 6 months later. In group 1, the mean TT level increased significantly after varicocelectomy (1.644±0.029to2.461±0.0198 ng/dL,P<0.0001) and testicular size correlated with the mean change in TT (P=0.001). No similar change was found in group 2. Out of the 100 patients in group 1, 78 had postoperative normalization of TT unlike only 16 men in group 2.

scholarly journals Maternal Total Cortisol Levels in Early Pregnancy Depends on Fetal Sexual Dimorphism. But Finally No Association With Birth Weight

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A811-A811
Author(s):  
Theodorus Bartholomeus Twickler ◽  
Tanja Vrijkotte
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Fetal Sex ◽  
Female Fetus ◽  
Total Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Abstract Enhanced maternal cortisol levels may have a negative impact on fetal development with a higher risk for diseases later in life, e.g. premature cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Prior studies do assume even a sex specific impact. Currently, it is unknown whether sexual dimorphism in the fetus could display a different maternal cortisol level that is associated with intra uterine growth. In the present study (performed in the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development (ABCD) –cohort), we evaluated in 3049 pregnant women (in early pregnancy) whether fetal sex is related to the level of maternal serum total cortisol and whether this contributes to fetal growth. Maternal serum total cortisol levels increased along early pregnancy from on average 390±22 nmol/L (at 5th week of pregnancy) to 589±15 nmol/L (at 20th week of pregnancy). The presence of a female fetus was associated with higher maternal total cortisol level in a distinctive time interval along early pregnancy; before 11th week of pregnancy, no difference, and from the 12th week of pregnancy a difference of 15 (SE:7) nmol/L between mothers carrying a male vs female fetus was found and that difference increased to 45 (22) nmol/L at 20th week of pregnancy (p-for-interaction=0.05). Maternal serum total cortisol levels were negatively associated with maternal age, pBMI, smoking and parity, the last one also increasing with pregnancy duration. After adjusting for these factors, the association between fetal sex and maternal cortisol remained Maternal serum total cortisol levels were significantly associated with birth weight, standardized for pregnancy duration (ß -.22; SE:0.06; P &lt; 0.001). Girls had a significantly lower birth weight (-132 SE:16 gram) compared to males, however, maternal cortisol did not alter the association between fetal sex and birth weight to a relevant degree indicating no mediation by maternal cortisol. In early pregnancy, the maternal total cortisol levels are related to fetal sex. However this difference in maternal total cortisol level was finally not related to birth weight.

scholarly journals Testosterone levels in men with chronic migraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa B.E. Shields ◽  
Tad Seifert ◽  
Brent J. Shelton ◽  
Brian Plato
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Associated Symptoms ◽  
Hypothalamic Regulation ◽  
The Mean

Chronic migraine is a frequent and debilitating condition affecting 14% of the general population. This prospective observational pilot study investigated whether men with chronic migraine have lower than expected total serum testosterone levels. We identified 14 men ages 26-51 at our Institution who fulfilled the ICHD-3b criteria for chronic migraine and obtained serum total testosterone levels. The mean total testosterone level in our 14 patients was 322 ng/dL (range: 120-542 ng/dL) which is in the lower 5% of the reference range for our laboratory (300-1080 ng/dL). Men with chronic migraine had lower total testosterone levels compared to published agematched normative median values by a median difference of 62 ng/dL (P=0.0494). This finding suggests that hypothalamic regulation is altered in patients with chronic migraine. Further studies are warranted to determine whether testosterone supplementation in men with chronic migraine reduces the number of headaches or the associated symptoms of hypogonadism.

Why Do We Need New Markers for Male Hypogonadism and How Seminal Proteomics Might Solve the Problem?

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1186-1191
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Grande ◽  
Domenico Milardi ◽  
Silvia Baroni ◽  
Andrea Urbani ◽  
Alfredo Pontecorvi
Keyword(s):  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Testosterone Replacement ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Male Hypogonadism ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Normal Number ◽  
Replacement Treatment

Male hypogonadism is “a clinical syndrome that results from failure of the testis to produce physiological concentrations of testosterone and/or a normal number of spermatozoa due to pathology at one or more levels of the hypothalamic– pituitary–testicular axis”. The diagnostic protocol of male hypogonadism includes accurate medical history, physical exam, as well as hormone assays and instrumental evaluation. Basal hormonal evaluation of serum testosterone, LH, and FSH is important in the evaluation of diseases of the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis. Total testosterone levels < 8 nmol/l profoundly suggest the diagnosis of hypogonadism. An inadequate androgen status is moreover possible if the total testosterone levels are 8-12 nmol/L. In this “grey zone” the diagnosis of hypogonadism is debated and the appropriateness for treating these patients with testosterone should be fostered by symptoms, although often non-specific. Up to now, no markers of androgen tissue action can be used in clinical practice. The identification of markers of androgens action might be useful in supporting diagnosis, Testosterone Replacement Treatment (TRT) and clinical follow-up. The aim of this review is to analyze the main findings of recent studies in the field of discovering putative diagnostic markers of male hypogonadism in seminal plasma by proteomic techniques. The identified proteins might represent a “molecular androtest” useful as a seminal fingerprint of male hypogonadism, for the diagnosis of patients with moderate grades of testosterone reduction and in the follow-up of testosterone replacement treatment.

Is ProBNP a New Marker for Predicting Intrauterine Growth Restriction?

2021 ◽  
Vol 225 (02) ◽  
pp. 125-128
Author(s):  
Hasan Eroğlu ◽  
Nazan Vanlı Tonyalı ◽  
Gokcen Orgul ◽  
Derya Biriken ◽  
Aykan Yucel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aneuploidy Screening ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the usability of first-trimester maternal serum ProBNP levels in the prediction of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Methods In this prospective study, blood samples taken from 500 women who applied to our polyclinic for routine serum aneuploidy screening between the 11–14th gestational weeks were centrifuged. The obtained plasma samples were placed in Eppendorf tubes and stored at −80+°C. For the final analysis, first-trimester maternal serum ProBNP levels of 32 women diagnosed with postpartum IUGR and 32 healthy women randomly selected as the control group were compared. FGR was defined as estimated fetal weight below the 10th percentile for the gestational age. Results The mean ProBNP levels were statistically and significantly higher in the women with intrauterine growth restriction (113.73±94.69 vs. 58.33±47.70 pg/mL, p<0.01). At a cut-off level of 50.93, ProBNP accurately predicted occurrence of IUGR (AUC+= 0.794 (95% confidence interval 0.679–0.910), p+= 0.001) with sensitivity and specificity rates of 78.1 and 69.0%, respectively. Conclusion First-trimester serum ProBNP level was significantly higher in women who developed IUGR compared to healthy controls. First-trimester ProBNP level can be used as a potential marker to predict the development of IUGR in pregnant women.

The relation between second-trimester placental elasticity and poor obstetric outcomes in low-risk pregnancies

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Akbas ◽  
Faik Mumtaz Koyuncu ◽  
Burcu Artunç-Ülkümen ◽  
Gökce Akbas
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Random Measurements

AbstractObjectivesIncreased placental stiffness is associated with various pathological conditions. Our objective was to evaluate the relation between the second-trimester placental elasticity value in low-risk pregnant women and poor obstetric outcomes.MethodsA total of 143 pregnant women were enrolled. Placental elasticity values were measured using the transabdominal point shear wave elastography method. 10 random measurements were obtained from different areas of the placenta. The mean was accepted as the mean placental elasticity value. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent variables associated with obstetric outcomes.ResultsSecond-trimester placental elasticity value was significantly and positively associated with the poor obstetric outcomes (p=0.038). We could predict a poor outcome with 69.2% sensitivity and 60.7% specificity if we defined the placental elasticity cut-off as 3.19 kPa. Furthermore, in the multiple regression model, the placental elasticity value added significantly to the prediction of birth weight (p=0.043).ConclusionsOur results showed that the pregnancies with a stiffer placenta in the second trimester were associated with an increased likelihood of exhibiting poor obstetric outcomes. Also, placental elasticity was independently associated with birth weight.

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