REACTIVATION OF HEPATITIS B IN PATIENTS RECOVERING FROM COVID-19

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 151-155
Author(s):  
Ж.С. Шерияздан ◽  
Н.Б. Байжигитова ◽  
У.А. Тургынбаева ◽  
Г.М. Курманова ◽  
Ш.А. Танкаева ◽  
...  

Пандемия новой короновирусной инфекции, вызванной вирусом SARS-CoV-2, явилась вызовом системе здравоохранения во всем мире. На данный момент мы обладаем большей информацией об этом заболевании, проявляющемся в основном симптомами респираторной инфекции, от легких проявлении ОРВИ до тяжелого поражения легких. Также коронавирусная инфекция проявляется симптомами поражения ЖКТ чаще всего в виде рвоты, диареи и боли в животе. Кроме того, за год наблюдении, начиная с самого начала пандемии в Китае, описаны нарушения функции печени различного генеза у пациентов с коронавирусной инфекцией. Среди возможных причин называются прямое цитопатическое действие вируса, способного связываться с AПФ2β рецепторам гепато-билиарной системы, иммуноопосредованное повреждение гепатоцитов, в том числе при «цитокиновом шторме» и гепатотоксичности препаратов, применяемых при коронавирусной инфекции. Кроме этих механизмов повреждения печени есть еще реактивация хронических персистирующих инфекции. В частности, речь идет о реактивации хронического гепатита В. Статей, описывающих такие случаи, значительно меньше, чем тех, которые практически детально описывают различные изменения ферментов печени у пациентов, наблюдавшихся с коронавирусной инфекцией. Кроме бремени инфекции в манифестный период, есть не менее тяжелые последствия у реконвалесцентов или у тех, кто перенес заболевание в легкой форме, о чем мы и должны помнить, чтобы принимать необходимые меры в ближайшем и отдаленном периоде выздоровления после COVID-19. В данной статье мы приводим собственные наблюдения реактивации хронического гепатита В у 4 пациентов, перенесших COVID-19 в манифестной форме. The pandemic of the new coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is a challenge to the health system around the world. At the moment, we have more information about this disease, which is manifested mainly by symptoms of a respiratory infection, from mild manifestations of ARVI to severe lung damage. Also, coronavirus infection often manifests itself as symptoms of a gastrointestinal disease, in the form of vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain. In addition, over a year of observation, starting from the very beginning of the pandemic in China, liver dysfunctions of various origins have been described in patients with coronavirus infection. Possible reasons include the direct cytopathic effect of the virus capable of binding to ACE2β receptors of the hepato-biliary system, immune-mediated damage to hepatocytes, including during a "cytokine storm" and hepatotoxicity of drugs used in coronavirus infection. In addition to these mechanisms of liver damage, there is also a reactivation of chronic persistent infections. In particular, we are talking about the reactivation of chronic hepatitis B. In addition to the burden of infection in the manifest period, there are no less severe consequences for convalescents or those who have suffered a mild illness, which we must remember in order to take the necessary measures in the near and distant period of recovery after COVID -19. In this article, we present our own observations of the reactivation of chronic hepatitis in 4 patients who underwent manifest COVID-19.

2021 ◽  
pp. 004947552110644
Author(s):  
Abdurrahman Kaya ◽  
Sibel Yıldız Kaya

Hepatitis B virus infection is a global problem and causes several liver diseases including acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Though uncommon, some immune mediated extra-hepatic manifestations may develop during the infection. Exudative ascites during HBV infection is one such.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-244
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Ligat ◽  
Kaku Goto ◽  
Eloi Verrier ◽  
Thomas F. Baumert

Abstract Purpose of Review Chronic hepatitis B (CHB), caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV), is a major cause of advanced liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. HBV replication is characterized by the synthesis of covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA which is not targeted by antiviral nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs) the key modality of standard of care. While HBV replication is successfully suppressed in treated patients, they remain at risk for developing HCC. While functional cure, characterized by loss of HBsAg, is the first goal of novel antiviral therapies, curative treatments eliminating cccDNA remain the ultimate goal. This review summarizes recent advances in the discovery and development of novel therapeutic strategies and their impact on cccDNA biology. Recent Findings Within the last decade, substantial progress has been made in the understanding of cccDNA biology including the discovery of host dependency factors, epigenetic regulation of cccDNA transcription and immune-mediated degradation. Several approaches targeting cccDNA either in a direct or indirect manner are currently at the stage of discovery, preclinical or early clinical development. Examples include genome-editing approaches, strategies targeting host dependency factors or epigenetic gene regulation, nucleocapsid modulators and immune-mediated degradation. Summary While direct-targeting cccDNA strategies are still largely at the preclinical stage of development, capsid assembly modulators and immune-based approaches have reached the clinical phase. Clinical trials are ongoing to assess their efficacy and safety in patients including their impact on viral cccDNA. Combination therapies provide additional opportunities to overcome current limitations of individual approaches.


2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (5S) ◽  
pp. 406-413
Author(s):  
Anna V. Kagramanova ◽  
Oleg V. Knyazev ◽  
Alexei V. Veselov ◽  
Tatyana V. Shkurko ◽  
Irina A. Li ◽  
...  

Background. COVID-19 is an infectious respiratory syndrome with a wide range of manifestations and outcomes. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) generally have a higher risk of infection, especially if they receive immunosuppressive therapy. Aim to describe the manifestations of COVID-19 in patients with IBD and to determine the risk factors for severe COVID-19. Methods. The analysis included 68 patients with an established diagnosis of Crohns disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis and a confirmed new coronavirus infection. The diagnosis of coronavirus infection was established when SARS-CoV-2 was detected by PCR using nasopharyngeal smears, and computer tomography (CT) of the chest revealed inflammatory changes characteristic of coronavirus lung damage or high IgG and IgM titers based on the results of immunological blood analysis. Results. 68 patients with IBD and COVID-19 were observed in the Department of IBD, including 27 (39.7%) patients with CD, 41 (60.3%) patients with UC. Among patients diagnosed with pneumonia, 100 % of patients received therapy with thiopurines and infliximab. 8 (11.8%) patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 during hospitalization for a severe IBD attack. There was no statistically significant difference between UC and CD patients in terms of disease activity (p = 0.13) during the period of coronavirus infection. In 37 patients (26 UC, 11 BC) with pneumonia (100%), there was an exacerbation of IBD. Statistical significance was found between the development of more severe lung damage (CT 34) and IBD activity at the time of diagnosis of COVID-19 (p 0.001), the presence of comorbidities (p 0.001) and taking GCS (p 0.001) at the time of detection of COVID-19. However, the use of biological and immunosuppressive therapy was not associated with a higher risk of severe lung damage and the need for a ventilator. It was shown that the age of patients over 65 years was statistically correlated with the need for a ventilator (p = 0.02). Conclusion. The exacerbation of the disease, especially in elderly patients with comorbidities, the use of glucocorticosteroids was associated with negative consequences of COVID-19, while biological and immunosuppressant drugs used for the treatment of IBD did not have such a negative effect.


2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Nikolai I. Kuznetsov ◽  
Valery V. Vasiliev ◽  
Elena S. Romanova ◽  
Galina Yu. Startseva

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the clinical course of severe coronavirus infection in a 59-year-old woman at risk for comorbidities. Data on the pathogenesis of the severe form of COVID-19 are presented. Prognostic laboratory signs of an unfavorable outcome of coronavirus infection in people at risk are considered. The patient management tactics are described in accordance with the protocol for the treatment of new coronavirus infection. The assessment of patient management at the outpatient stage is given. A new coronavirus infection in at-risk patients can quickly lead to a worsening of the condition, which is manifested by severe lung damage not only according to computed tomography data, but also by the clinical symptom of ARDS. The severity of the condition in this category of patients is due to severe viral aggression, the development of a cytokine storm. The use of the recommended protocol for the treatment of new coronavirus infection in patients at risk does not always give the expected positive result.


2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (15) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
WILLIAM E. GOLDEN ◽  
ROBERT H. HOPKINS

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