重讀涂爾幹：社會認識論與記憶社會學間的系譜學考察

社會分析 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 009-057
Author(s):  
黃敏原 黃敏原
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Epistemology ◽  
Divine Nature ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Psychology Perspective ◽  
Collective Capacity

<p>本文旨趣有二，其一乃透過法國思考脈絡與法文閱讀來對涂爾幹進行重新耙梳。關於宗教研究的探討，筆者認為涂氏對之具有終身連續的「一貫關懷」，而與既有研究中指出的「中途轉向」說不同。另外，涂氏系列宗教研究中提出的核心命題如「神聖性之起源」及「群體之分類認識能力」，實乃導源於「社會」這個根源等見解，正是一種「知識社會學」的進路。此種特有的「集體思維」學說建立在「社會事實說」等基本預設上並開展出法式結構主義的思想風格。建立在上述對涂氏社會認識論的考察，本文欲探討涂爾幹與「涂爾幹學派」中阿部瓦克思(M. Halbwachs)之間的思想接續。作為「記憶社會學」的開創者，學界慣常指稱阿氏乃涂氏門生。但本文卻將兩人的「師徒關係」重新置疑：阿氏身上是否承襲涂氏思維的「學術DNA」？如果是，又是在那些點上有所關連？此應透過嚴謹的學術考據加以證成。透過兩人學術上核心概念的比對、基本假設的對照以及邏輯推演的相互參照，本文指出其在思想系譜上的繼承性。由此，不只反省涂氏與「涂派成員」間之關連，同時也回過頭重估涂氏學說對後世記憶研究與相關文化研究等開展之貢獻。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>This article clarifies the specificity of Durkheim&rsquo;s social epistemology, particularly his study of religion. Durkheim held that both &ldquo;divine nature&rdquo;and the collective capacity for classification are derived from &ldquo;the Society.&rdquo;This approach, as well as his research on &ldquo;social facts&rdquo; and &ldquo;the dualism of human nature,&rdquo; considerably influenced later sociologists. Specifically, Maurice Halbwachs inherited Durkheim&rsquo;s ideas to develop his theory on the sociology of memory from a social psychology perspective. By comparing their core concepts, theoretical assumptions, and inferences, this article identifies the theoretical genealogy between Durkheim and Halbwachs. Additionally, it highlights the contributions of some Durkheimian perspectives to the development of cultural studies.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

Circumscription

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torstein Theodor Tollefsen
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Divine Nature ◽  
Modern Term

The concept of circumscription is central to the iconoclast argument against the icons: if the icon is a true image of Christ, it must represent his divine as well as his human nature. If it cannot do that, the image is an idol. The divine nature is uncircumscribed, therefore an image cannot be made of it. This is the challenge Theodore tries to counter. He develops a detailed Christological position in order to show that Christ somehow must appear in this world in a concrete (circumscribed) and visible form. The chapter presents an interpretation of both iconoclast Christology and Theodore’s Christology. Theodore manages to define his Christological position in such a way that he can show how Christ may be a subject of painting. The concepts of the eidos (appearance) and likeness allow Theodore to work out a doctrine of painting that is almost phenomenological, to use a modern term.

The Oxford Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Ongoing Functioning

The second edition of The Oxford Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology captures the history, current status, and future prospects of personality and social psychology—presented not as a set of parallel accounts, but as an integrated perspective on the behavior of persons in social contexts. This handbook combines these two fields in a single integrated volume, offering a unique and generative agenda for psychology. It is dedicated to the proposition that personality and social psychology are best viewed in conjunction with one another and that the synergy to be gained from considering links between the two fields can do much to move both fields forward and to enrich our understanding of human nature. Such interdependence is particularly crucial if one wishes to address the ongoing functioning of persons in their natural environments, where splits between person and situation are not so easily fashioned. The chapters of the Handbook weave together work from personality and social psychology, not only in areas of long-standing concern, but also in newly emerging fields of inquiry, addressing both distinctive contributions and common ground. In so doing, they offer compelling evidence for the power and the potential of an integrated approach to personality and social psychology.

scholarly journals Why Catholic Theology Needs Metapshysics: A Christological Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-62
Author(s):  
Thomas Joseph White
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Divine Nature ◽  
Catholic Theology ◽  
Human Reason ◽  
Son Of God ◽  
The One ◽  
Human Intellect ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Church

The Chalcedonian confession of faith asserts that Christ is one person, the Son of God, subsisting in two natures, divine and human. The doctrine of the communication of idioms is essential to the life and practices of the Church insofar as we affirm there to be properties of deity and humanity present in the one subject, the Word made flesh. Such affirmations are made without a confusion of the two natures or their mutually distinct attributes. The affirmation that there is a divine and human nature in Christ is possible, however, only if it is also possible for human beings to think coherently about the divine nature, analogically, and human nature, univocally. Otherwise it is not feasible to receive understanding of the divine nature of Christ into the human intellect intrinsically and the revelation must remain wholly alien to natural human thought, even under the presumption that such understanding originates in grace. Likewise we can only think coherently of the eternal Son’s solidarity with us in human nature if we can conceive of a common human nature present in all human individuals. Consequently, it is only possible for the Church to confess some form of Chalcedonian doctrine if there is also a perennial metaphysical philosophy capable of thinking coherently about the divine and human natures from within the ambit of natural human reason. This also implies that the Church maintains a “metaphysical apostolate” in her public teaching, in her philosophical traditions, as well as in her scriptural and doctrinal enunciations.

New Evidence of the Controversy About Whether the Humanity of Christ Can Contemplate His Divinity

2019 ◽  
pp. 250-264
Author(s):  
Максим Глебович Калинин
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Positive Answer ◽  
Divine Nature ◽  
Knowledge Of God ◽  
Church Of The East ◽  
Vision Of God ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Church

В статье опубликован фрагмент анонимного комментария на «Главы о ведении» раббана Афнимарана, восточносирийского мистика VII века. Этот фрагмент представляет большой интерес, поскольку содержит новые сведения о богословской полемике, развернувшейся в Церкви Востока в VIII в. Эта полемика, сопоставимая по масштабам и значимости с паламитскими спорами в Византии, касалась проблемы границ богопознания и прежде всего вопроса о том, способна ли человеческая природа Христа созерцать Его божественную природу. Сведений об этой полемике сохранилось относительно мало, что делает новое публикуемое свидетельство особенно ценным. После краткой характеристики «Глав о ведении» раббана Афнимарана в статье предлагается перевод комментария на главу 90 и анализ этого текста. Особое внимание уделяется термину yaddūʕtānā, «знающий», который раббан Афнимаран использует применительно к человеческой природе Христа. Комментарий на главу 90 - важное свидетельство того, что тезис о способности человеческой природы Христа созерцать Его Божество был характерным для восточносирийского мистического движения (или, по крайней мере, для одной из монашеских традиций внутри этого движения). The aim of the present paper is to introduce new data concerning the polemic that took place in the VIII century C.E. and was related to the mystical movement in the Church of the East. This data are provided by an anonymous commentary on «Chapters on the Knowledge» which belong to rabban Aphnīmāran, an 7th century mystical writer. Among the problems the aforementioned polemic was related to, was the question on whether the humanity of Christ can see His divinity. For the positive answer on this question, John of Dalyāthā, a prominent mystical writer of the 8th century, was condemned by Catholicos Timatheos. In the commentary on the 90th chapter of rabban Aphnīmāran, an anonymous interpreter claims that the vision of God is the knowledge of God. As rabban Aphnīmāran calls the human nature of Christ «knowing» (yaddūʕtānā), the humanity of Christ inevitably knows His divinity, the author of the commentary concludes. In the present article, the text of this commentary is published and analyzed. One may see that the thesis on Jesus’ ability to contemplate the divine nature was not a particular opinion of John of Dalyāthā. This opinion was representative of East Syriac mystical movement (or at least of one of monastic traditions within this movement).

Personality traits and music in adolescence

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Dave Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Psychology Perspective

For centuries, and across cultures, people have wondered what kind of relationship there is between music and human nature. A personality psychology perspective may address this fundamental question on music by considering that personality traits are dispositions that constitute part of human nature. Hence, the classic question about how music is associated with human nature may at least in part be answered by examining if and how personality traits and music are interrelated. The objective of this chapter is to review the recent literature on personality traits and music in adolescence, with an eye on wellbeing. The first part discusses possible interrelations between personality traits and music listening. The second part considers putative relationships between personality traits and music making. Research directions are briefly outlined.

Społeczne reprezentacje współpracy, zaufania i sprawiedliwości w edukacji szkolnej

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (3 (249)) ◽  
pp. 74-98
Author(s):  
Marta Krasuska-Betiuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Value Proposition ◽  
Scientific Content ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

The purpose of the text is to present ways of perceiving values relevant for interpersonal relationships taking place in the school space. The main thesis is the inconsistency of systems of representations of ideas, values, beliefs shared by school community actors. The paradigm that guided the problem in question is derived from the constructivist trend of social psychology, called the theory of social representation (SRT), in the version formulated by Serge Moscovici. The first part of the paper presents the theoretical assumptions of the value proposition in school education and the methods of their investigation, then the author collates the scientific content of social concepts and the ways of their social perception. The subjects of social representation have been the relationships between teachers and parents and representations of the category of trust and justice in education. Theoretical considerations were supported by empirical examples from selected national and international studies.

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