Thinlip grey mullet Liza ramada (Mugilidae) caught in a

Two individuals of thinlip grey mullet Liza ramada were collected in a southern Norwegian brook (58° 22’ N, 8° 37’ E) on 12th September 2007. The fish were 8.7 and 9.0 cm in total length, 6 and 7 g in total mass, and most probably in their first year of life. The nearest known spawning area of the species is south of the English Channel, meaning that they had probably moved at least 900 km across the North Sea during their first growth season. To our knowledge, this is the first published observation of the catadromous thinlip grey mullet from a Scandinavian freshwater course.

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Further Investigation upon the Water Movements in the English Channel. Drift-Bottle Experiments in the Summers of 1927, 1928 and 1929, with Critical Notes on Drift-Bottle Experiments in General.

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315400051869 ◽

1930 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 241-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

J. N. Carruthers

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

North Sea ◽

English Channel ◽

The North ◽

Different Types ◽

The North Sea ◽

The Common ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Great Simplicity ◽

Simple Surface

In July–August of three different years common surface-floating bottles were set adrift at International Station E2 (49° 27' N.—4° 42' W.). With them, various types of drag-fitted bottles were also put out. The journeys accomplished are discussed, and the striking differences as between year and year in the case of the common surface floaters, and as between the different types in the same year, are commented upon in the light of the prevailing winds. An inter-relationship of great simplicity is deduced between wind speed and the rate of travel of simple surface floating bottles up-Channel and across the North Sea from the results of experiments carried out in four different summers.

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Temperature, Salinity and Plankton in the Eastern North Atlantic and Coastal Waters of Britain, 1957.: I. The Characterisation and Distribution of Surface Waters

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada ◽

10.1139/f63-052 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 789-826 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

B. McK. Bary

Keyword(s):

North Sea ◽

North Atlantic ◽

Coastal Waters ◽

Water Bodies ◽

English Channel ◽

Oceanic Water ◽

Climatic Fluctuations ◽

The North ◽

The North Sea ◽

Eastern North Atlantic

Monthly temperature-salinity diagrams for 1957 have demonstrated that three surface oceanic "water bodies" were consistently present in the eastern North Atlantic; two are regarded as modified North Atlantic Central water which give rise to the third by mixing. As well in the oceanic areas, large and small, high or low salinity patches of water were common. Effects of seasonal climatic fluctuations differed in the several oceanic water bodies. In coastal waters, differences in properties and in seasonal and annual cycles of the properties distinguish the waters from the North Sea, English Channel and the western entrance to the Channel.The geographic distributions of the oceanic waters are consistent with "northern" and "southern" water bodies mixing to form a "transitional" water. Within this distribution there are short-term changes in boundaries and long-term (seasonal) changes in size of the water bodies.Water in the western approaches to the English Channel appeared to be influenced chiefly by the mixed, oceanic transitional water; oceanic influences in the North Sea appear to have been from northern and transitional waters.

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1.—The Competitors and the Result

Aeronautical journal (London England 1897) ◽

10.1017/s2398187300146730 ◽

1906 ◽

Vol 10 (40) ◽

pp. 50-51

Keyword(s):

Great Britain ◽

North Sea ◽

English Channel ◽

Long Distance ◽

The North ◽

The North Sea ◽

The Way

No fewer than seven nations tried to win the Gordon Bennett Cup in the race which started from the Tuileries Gardens, in Paris, on September 30th. But the wind was in an unfavourable direction for the accomplishment of a long distance record. To some, the English Channel barred the way, to some, the North Sea.The cup offered for the greatest distance covered has been accorded to the American aeronaut, Mr. Frank P. Lahm, who descended 15 miles north of Scarborough.It will be seen in another part of this Journal that in December next, Members of the Aëronautical Society of Great Britain will hear an account of the Gordon-Bennett race from Colonel J. E. Capper, who took part in the race, having accompanied Mr. Rolls in the “ Britannia.” In this account, therefore, it will suffice to merely tabulate the competitors and results.

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Association of Marine Archaea with the Digestive Tracts of Two Marine Fish Species

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.64.8.2894-2898.1998 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 64 (8) ◽

pp. 2894-2898 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

Marc J. E. C. van der Maarel ◽

Rebekka R. E. Artz ◽

René Haanstra ◽

Larry J. Forney

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

North Sea ◽

Suspended Particulate Matter ◽

Archaeal Community ◽

Grey Mullet ◽

The North ◽

Suspended Particulate ◽

The North Sea ◽

Group Ii ◽

Marine Archaea

ABSTRACT Recent studies have shown that archaea which were always thought to live under strict anoxic or extreme environmental conditions are also present in cold, oxygenated seawater, soils, the digestive tract of a holothurian deep-sea-deposit feeder, and a marine sponge. In this study, we show, by using PCR-mediated screening in other marine eukaryotes, that marine archaea are also present in the digestive tracts of flounder and grey mullet, two fish species common in the North Sea, in fecal samples of flounder, and in suspended particulate matter of the North Sea water column. No marine archaea could be detected in the digestive tracts of mussels or the fecal pellets of a copepod species. The archaeal 16S ribosomal DNA clone libraries of feces of flounder and the contents of the digestive tracts of grey mullet and flounder were dominated by group II marine archaea. The marine archaeal clones derived from flounder and grey mullet digestive tracts and feces formed a distinct cluster within the group II marine archaea, with 76.7 to 89.8% similarity to previously described group II clones. Fingerprinting of the archaeal community of flounder digestive tract contents and feces by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism of archaeal 16S rRNA genes after restriction withHhaI showed a dominant fragment at 249 bp, which is likely to be derived from group II marine archaea. Clones of marine archaea that were closely related to the fish-associated marine archaea clones were obtained from suspended particulate matter of the water column at two stations in the North Sea. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting of the archaeal community present in suspended particulate matter showed the same fragment pattern as was found for the archaeal community of the flounder digestive tract contents and feces. These data demonstrate that marine archaea are present in the digestive tracts and feces of very common marine fish. It is possible that the marine archaea associated with the digestive tracts of marine fish are liberated into the water column through the feces and subsequently contribute to the marine archaeal community of suspended particulate matter.

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Investigations Upon the Water Movements in the English Channel. Summer, 1924

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315400058410 ◽

1927 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 685-721 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J. N. Carruthers

Keyword(s):

North Sea ◽

English Channel ◽

Average Speed ◽

Southern North Sea ◽

The North ◽

Westerly Winds ◽

The North Sea

In July, 1924, 250 floating, and an equal number of bottom-trailing, bottles were put out at selected places in the western English Channel. Fifty of each type were put out at each of the two routine Stations E2 and E3, and the same number was “liberated” at each of three selected stretches along the steamship route from Southampton to St. Malo. Those surface bottles, which did not strand locally, travelled rapidly up Channel towards the North Sea and across it. Many bottles arrived in the Skager-Rack after performing their journey of some 700 miles at the rate of 6 miles a day and more. An adequate study of wind conditions, as recorded at several stations along the length of the Channel and at one station in the southern North Sea, revealed the fact that there was, for some 5½ months (counting from the time of liberation of the bottles), an almost uninterrupted predominance of south-westerly winds—as recorded at all stations considered. The whole area of the Channel was swept by south-westerly winds of average speed of some 9 miles a day for at least 5½ months subsequent to the time of putting out of the bottles. July, 1924, had (according to the Falmouth Observatory records) the largest proportion of westerly winds experienced for 54 years; 20 days of this month had winds with westerly components. The association of the unusually persistent westerly winds with the rapid travel of surface bottles towards and across the North Sea is interesting.

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The Oceanographic and Biological Tidal Cycle Succession in Shallow Sea Fronts in the North Sea and the English Channel

Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science ◽

10.1006/ecss.1994.1017 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 249-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Fl.Bo Pedersen

Keyword(s):

North Sea ◽

Tidal Cycle ◽

English Channel ◽

Shallow Sea ◽

The North ◽

The North Sea

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Distribution of eukaryotic plankton in the English Channel and the North Sea in summer

Journal of Sea Research ◽

10.1016/j.seares.2011.05.004 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 111-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Sylvie Masquelier ◽

Elodie Foulon ◽

Fabien Jouenne ◽

Martial Ferréol ◽

Corina P.D. Brussaard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North Sea ◽

English Channel ◽

The North ◽

The North Sea

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Calcareous nannoplankton and the age of the Globigerina silts of the western approaches of the English Channel

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s0016756800038711 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 111 (4) ◽

pp. 303-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

E. Martini

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Ocean ◽

North Sea ◽

English Channel ◽

Calcareous Nannoplankton ◽

Northern Germany ◽

Lower Miocene ◽

The North ◽

The North Sea

SummaryCalcareous nannoplankton from the Globigerina silts of the western approaches of the English Channel indicate the presence of standard nannoplankton zones NN2, NN 4 and NN 5, part of which can be correlated with Neogene beds in Belgium and Northern Germany. The calcareous nannoplankton support the possibility of a connexion between the North Sea Basin and the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel during part of the Lower Miocene.

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Harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in north-western France: aerial survey, opportunistic sightings and strandings monitoring

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315409000307 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 89 (5) ◽

pp. 1045-1050 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

J.-L. Jung ◽

E. Stéphan ◽

M. Louis ◽

E. Alfonsi ◽

C. Liret ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North Sea ◽

Aerial Survey ◽

Harbour Porpoise ◽

Shallow Waters ◽

Encounter Rate ◽

English Channel ◽

Phocoena Phocoena ◽

The North ◽

The North Sea ◽

North Western

The harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) is one of the common small cetaceans of European waters. This discreet and undemonstrative species is strongly represented throughout the cold waters of the northern hemisphere, and is the most abundant cetacean in the North Sea. In the last few years, some observations and studies indicate a shift of harbour porpoise distribution in European waters, from northern regions of the North Sea to the southern North Sea, English Channel and Celtic Sea. This shift may include a comeback around the coasts of France. Harbour porpoises inhabit shelf-waters and are often observed in shallow waters, conditions offered for instance by the coasts of Brittany in north-western France. We used opportunistic sightings, aerial survey and a ten-year strandings database to study the presence of harbour porpoises along the coasts of Brittany. Opportunistic sightings made by non-specialists did not confirm a strong presence of harbour porpoises along the Brittany coasts, most probably because of the undemonstrative behaviour of this cetacean. However, aerial survey and stranding analysis indicate that harbour porpoises have become natural inhabitants of the Brittany coasts once more: 68.6% of cetacean school sightings made during a 1578 km aerial survey of the Brittany coasts concerned harbour porpoises, with an encounter rate of 1.5 individuals per 100 km that peaked to 5.8 per 100 km to the top of the shallow waters of the south-western Western English Channel. The number of harbour porpoise strandings increased each year from 1997 to 2007, making a total of 135 along the coasts of Brittany. Other cetaceans did not show such an increase during the same period. Strandings of harbour porpoises were also characterized by an apparent increase as a proportion in relation to all the cetacean strandings during the months of September to January, by a marked impact of by-catch during winter, and by an almost total absence of stranded calves. The comeback of the harbour porpoise along Brittany coasts is clearly confirmed by our data, and a stable population seems to be established again along the coasts of Brittany. This tends to confirm the shift of the distribution of the species in certain European waters. Long term monitoring, diet and genetic studies are now planned for a better understanding of this shift, and for the effective implementation of a conservation plan.

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