Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An Emerging Pathogen in Small Animals

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Scott Weese
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Emerging Pathogen ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Impact

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important nosocomial pathogen in humans and is increasingly implicated in community-associated infections in people. In household pets, MRSA infections are uncommon but are on the rise, possibly because of the increased prevalence of human MRSA in the community. Clinical MRSA infections in some animals can be life threatening and difficult to treat; however, other animals may develop mild disease or only become colonized. Veterinarians should be aware of the concerns regarding MRSA and should develop an understanding of appropriate disease surveillance, diagnostic testing, and infection control in order to lessen the impact of MRSA on small animals.

scholarly journals Brain abscess caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Egypt, April 2007

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (39) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Enany ◽  
W Higuchi ◽  
T Okubo ◽  
T Takano ◽  
M Enany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Emerging Pathogen ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin ◽  
Valentine Leukocidin

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has increasingly been noted as an emerging pathogen worldwide

The Impact of AUC-Based Monitoring on Pharmacist-Directed Vancomycin Dose Adjustments in Complicated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Stoessel ◽  
Cory M. Hale ◽  
Robert W. Seabury ◽  
Christopher D. Miller ◽  
Jeffrey M. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Vancomycin Dose ◽  
Monitoring Group ◽  
Mrsa Infection ◽  
Auc Estimation ◽  
The Impact

Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of area under the curve (AUC)-based vancomycin monitoring on pharmacist-initiated dose adjustments after transitioning from a trough-only to an AUC-based monitoring method at our institution. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients treated with vancomycin for complicated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection between November 2013 and December 2016 was conducted. The frequency of pharmacist-initiated dose adjustments was assessed for patients monitored via trough-only and AUC-based approaches for trough ranges: 10 to 14.9 mg/L and 15 to 20 mg/L. Results: Fifty patients were included: 36 in the trough-based monitoring and 14 in the AUC-based-monitoring group. The vancomycin dose was increased in 71.4% of patients when troughs were 10 to 14.9 mg/L when a trough-only approach was used and in only 25% of patients when using AUC estimation ( P = .048). In the AUC group, the dose was increased only when AUC/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) <400; unchanged regimens had an estimated AUC/MIC ≥400. The AUC-based monitoring did not significantly increase the frequency of dose reductions when trough concentrations were 15 to 20 mg/L (AUC: 33.3% vs trough: 4.6%; P = .107). Conclusions: The AUC-based monitoring resulted in fewer patients with dose adjustments when trough levels were 10 to 14.9 mg/L. The AUC-based monitoring has the potential to reduce unnecessary vancomycin exposure and warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Related to Persistent Endovascular Infection

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Li ◽  
Michael R. Yeaman ◽  
Arnold S. Bayer ◽  
Yan Q. Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
Host Defense Peptides ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Genotypic Characteristics

Persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia (PB) represents an important subset of S. aureus infection and correlates with poor clinical outcomes. MRSA isolates from patients with PB differ significantly from those of resolving bacteremia (RB) with regard to several in vitro phenotypic and genotypic profiles. For instance, PB strains exhibit less susceptibility to cationic host defense peptides and vancomycin (VAN) killing under in vivo-like conditions, greater damage to endothelial cells, thicker biofilm formation, altered growth rates, early activation of many global virulence regulons (e.g., sigB, sarA, sae and agr) and higher expression of purine biosynthesis genes (e.g., purF) than RB strains. Importantly, PB strains are significantly more resistant to VAN treatment in experimental infective endocarditis as compared to RB strains, despite similar VAN minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in vitro. Here, we review relevant phenotypic and genotypic characteristics related to the PB outcome. These and future insights may improve our understanding of the specific mechanism(s) contributing to the PB outcome, and aid in the development of novel therapeutic and preventative measures against this life-threatening infection.

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