Fibrocartilaginous Embolic Myelopathy in Five Cats

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica S. Mikszewski ◽  
Thomas J. Van Winkle ◽  
Mark T. Troxel
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Intramedullary Lesion

Five cats had clinical signs, radiographic findings, and cerebrospinal fluid analyses consistent with fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy. All cats had an acute onset of nonpainful, asymmetrical spinal cord signs (paresis or paralysis of one or more limbs). Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in three cats. On T2-weighted images, an intramedullary lesion was revealed that was hyperintense to normal spinal cord gray matter. On T1-weighted images, the lesion was isointense. Three of the cats were euthanized, and postmortem examination confirmed myelomalacia with intralesional fibrocartilaginous emboli. Two cats survived and were clinically improved within 3 weeks.

scholarly journals Changes of Dorsal Root Ganglion Volume in Dogs with Clinical Signs of Degenerative Myelopathy Detected by Water-Excitation Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1702
Author(s):  
Eiji Naito ◽  
Kohei Nakata ◽  
Yukiko Nakano ◽  
Yuta Nozue ◽  
Shintaro Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Herniation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Water Excitation ◽  
Spinal Cord Segment ◽  
Degenerative Myelopathy

Canine degenerative myelopathy (DM) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease. However, a definitive diagnosis of DM can only be achieved by postmortem histopathological examination of the spinal cord. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the volumetry of DRG using the ability of water-excitation magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize the DRG in dogs has premortem diagnostic value for DM. Eight dogs with DM, twenty-four dogs with intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH), and eight control dogs were scanned using a 3.0-tesla MRI system, and water-excitation images were obtained to visualize and measure the volume of DRG, normalized by body surface area. The normalized mean DRG volume between each spinal cord segment and mean volume of all DRG between T8 and L2 in the DM group was significantly lower than that in the control and the IVDH groups (P = 0.011, P = 0.002, respectively). There were no correlations within the normalized mean DRG volume between DM stage 1 and stage 4 (rs = 0.312, P = 0.128, respectively). In conclusion, DRG volumetry by the water-excitation MRI provides a non-invasive and quantitative assessment of neurodegeneration in DRG and may have diagnostic potential for DM.

scholarly journals Toxicity of Shiga Toxin 1 in the Central Nervous System of Rabbits

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 6545-6548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Fujii ◽  
Yoshimasa Kinoshita ◽  
Takashi Yutsudo ◽  
Hatsumi Taniguchi ◽  
Tom Obrig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Central Nervous System

ABSTRACT The action of Shiga toxin (Stx) on the central nervous system was examined in rabbits. Intravenous Stx1 was 44 times more lethal than Stx2 and acted more rapidly than Stx2. However, Stx1 accumulated more slowly in the cerebrospinal fluid than did Stx2. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a predominance of Stx1-dependent lesions in the spinal cord. Pretreatment of the animals with anti-Stx1 antiserum intravenously completely protected against both development of brain lesions and mortality.

scholarly journals Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings in 92 cats with clinical signs of spinal cord disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Gonçalves ◽  
Simon R. Platt ◽  
Francisco J. Llabrés-Díaz ◽  
Katherine H. Rogers ◽  
Alberta de Stefani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Cord Disease

Paraplegia after a Routine Lumbar Laminectomy: Report of a Rare Complication and Successful Management

Neurosurgery ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick L. Valls ◽  
Gill L. Naul ◽  
Steven L. Kanter
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Arachnoid Cyst ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Thoracic Spinal

Abstract Arachnoid cysts of the spinal canal are relatively common lesions that may be either intra- or extradural. These cysts are usually asymptomatic but may produce symptoms by compressing the spinal cord or nerve roots. We report a case in which an intradural thoracic arachnoid cyst became symptomatic after a routine decompressive lumbar laminectomy for spinal stenosis. Myelography revealed no abnormality, although magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography after myelography demonstrated a mass within the posterior aspect of the thoracic spinal canal associated with anterior displacement and compression of the spinal cord. A change in the flow dynamics of the cerebrospinal fluid probably allowed the development of spinal cord compression due to one of the following: expansion of the cyst, decreased cerebrospinal fluid buffer between the cord and the cyst, or epidural venous engorgement. A concomitant and more cephalad lesion such as an arachnoid cyst should be considered when myelopathic complications arise after lumbar surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography after myelography are useful to demonstrate the additional pathological processes.

Spinal intramedullary cavernoma: clinical presentation and surgical outcome

2000 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harel Deutsch ◽  
George I. Jallo ◽  
Alina Faktorovich ◽  
Fred Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Posterior Laminectomy ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Improved neuroimaging techniques have led to an increase in the reported cases of intramedullary cavernomas. The purpose of this study was to define the spectrum of presenting signs and symptoms in patients with spinal intramedullary cavernomas and to analyze the role of surgery as a treatment for these lesions. Methods. The authors reviewed the charts of 16 patients who underwent surgery for spinal intramedullary cavernomas. All patients underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging studies. Cavernomas represented 14 (5.0%) of 280 intramedullary lesions found in adults and two (1.1%) of 181 intramedullary lesions found in pediatric cases. A posterior laminectomy and surgical resection of the malformation were performed in all 16 patients. Conclusions. Magnetic resonance imaging is virtually diagnostic for spinal cavernoma lesions. Patients with spinal intramedullary cavernomas presented with either an acute onset of neurological compromise or a slowly progressive neurological decline. Acute neurological decline occurs secondary to hemorrhage within the spinal cord. Chronic progressive myelopathy occurs due to microhemorrhages and the resulting gliotic reaction to hemorrhagic products. There is no evidence that cavernomas increase in size. The rate of rebleeding is unknown, but spinal cavernomas appear to be clinically more aggressive than cranial cavernomas, probably because the spinal cord is less tolerant of mass lesions. Complete surgical removal of the cavernoma was possible in 15 of 16 of the authors' cases.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal Fluid Drop Metastases of Canine Glioma: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Timothy Bentley ◽  
Amy B. Yanke ◽  
Margaret A. Miller ◽  
Hock Gan Heng ◽  
Aaron Cohen-Gadol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Central Canal ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Stereotactic Radiation ◽  
Primary Mass ◽  
Drop Metastasis

Dissemination of glioma in humans can occur as leptomeningeal nodules, diffuse leptomeningeal lesions, or ependymal lesions. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drop metastasis of glioma is not well-recognized in dogs. Ten dogs with at least two anatomically distinct and histologically confirmed foci of glioma were included in this study. The 10 dogs underwent 28 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations, with distant CSF drop metastasis revealed in 13 MRIs. The CSF drop metastases appeared as leptomeningeal nodules in four dogs, diffuse leptomeningeal lesions in six dogs, and ependymal lesions in seven dogs; six dogs had a combination of lesion types. Primary tumors were generally T2-heterogeneous and contrast-enhancing. Many metastases were T2-homogeneous and non-enhancing. Diffuse leptomeningeal lesions were seen as widespread extra-axial contrast-enhancement, again very dissimilar to the intra-axial primary mass. Primary masses were rostrotentorial, whereas metastases generally occurred in the direction of CSF flow, in ventricles, CSF cisterns, and the central canal or leptomeninges of the cervical or thoracolumbar spinal cord. Seven of the dogs had received therapy limited to the primary mass, such as surgery or stereotactic radiation, then developed metastasis in the following months. CSF drop metastasis of glioma may take a very different appearance on MRI to the primary mass, including periventricular lesions that are more homogeneous and less contrast-enhancing, rostral horn signal changes, or leptomeningeal enhancement ventral to the brainstem or encircling the spinal cord.

Survival of a Suspected Case of Central Nervous System Cuterebrosis in a Dog: Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Tieber ◽  
Todd W. Axlund ◽  
Stephen T. Simpson ◽  
John T. Hathcock
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Fluid Analysis

A 3-year-old, spayed female rat terrier was evaluated for acute onset of stupor, disorientation, and tetraparesis. Clinical signs progressed over 3 weeks to eventual right-sided hemiparesis and circling to the left. A Cuterebra spp. larva was discovered in the vomitus of the dog 2 weeks after the onset of clinical signs. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed chronic inflammation, and magnetic resonance imaging supported a diagnosis of a parasitic tract through the left cerebral hemisphere. Medical management included a tapering anti-inflammatory dose of prednisone. Clinical signs improved slowly over time. This is the first description of a presumptive antemortem diagnosis of canine cuterebrosis in the central nervous system.

Intraaxial Spinal Cord Hemorrhage Secondary to Atlantoaxial Subluxation in a Dog

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Kent ◽  
Joseph S. Eagleson ◽  
Dharshan Neravanda ◽  
Scott J. Schatzberg ◽  
Fredrik I. Gruenenfelder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Spinal Cord Lesion ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cord Lesion

A 1-year-old, 3.5-kg, spayed female, toy poodle was presented for acute-onset tetraplegia and neck pain. Neuroanatomical diagnosis was consistent with a first through fifth cervical (C1 through C5) spinal cord lesion. Radiographs of the cervical vertebral column revealed atlantoaxial (AA) subluxation. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed abnormalities consistent with intraaxial spinal cord hemorrhage at the level of the AA articulation. The dog was treated with external coaptation. After 8 days, the dog regained voluntary motor function in all four limbs. Surgical stabilization was pursued. Postoperatively, the dog regained the ability to ambulate. This report details the imaging findings and management of a dog with intraaxial spinal cord hemorrhage secondary to AA subluxation.

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