Histopathological Confirmation of Polyneuropathy in 11 Dogs With Laryngeal Paralysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelley M. Thieman ◽  
D.J. Krahwinkel ◽  
Michael H. Sims ◽  
G. Diane Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Axonal Degeneration ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Laryngeal Paralysis ◽  
Long Term Prognosis ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Acquired laryngeal paralysis (LP) is an important cause of upper airway obstruction in dogs. We hypothesize that LP may be part of a generalized polyneuropathy complex. Electro-diagnostic studies were performed in six dogs, and histopathological studies of muscle and nerve biopsies were obtained from 11 dogs diagnosed with acquired LP. Abnormalities in electrodiagnostic procedures were consistent with a generalized polyneuropathy. Loss of large-caliber nerve fibers and axonal degeneration were identified in nerve biopsies, and neurogenic atrophy was observed in muscle specimens. Abnormalities in electrodiagnostic studies and histopathology provide evidence that LP may be part of a generalized polyneuropathy. Establishing a diagnosis of a more involved disease process is relevant for long-term prognosis.

Evaluation of Unilateral Arytenoid Lateralization for the Treatment of Laryngeal Paralysis in 14 Cats

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 418-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Thunberg ◽  
Gary C. Lantz
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Median Duration ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Laryngeal Paralysis

Laryngeal paralysis is a relatively common cause of upper airway obstruction in middle-aged to older, large-breed dogs; however, it is rare in the cat. The purpose of this study is to describe a series of cats diagnosed with laryngeal paralysis treated by unilateral arytenoid lateralization. Fourteen cats met the criteria of the study. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were seen in 21% (three of 14) and 50% (seven of 14) of cases, respectively. Median duration of follow-up was 11 months (range 3 weeks to 8 years). None of these cats had recurrence of clinical signs. Based on this brief case series, unilateral arytenoid lateralization appeared to be a suitable method for treating laryngeal paralysis in cats. Additional studies are warranted to determine the type and frequency of long-term complications.

Upper Airway Obstruction Associated with Regional Enteritis

1979 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Kelly ◽  
Max L. Goodman ◽  
William W. Montgomery ◽  
Thomas J. Mulvaney
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Regional Enteritis ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Laryngeal Edema ◽  
Cricoarytenoid Joint

Two patients are presented with upper airway obstruction associated with regional enteritis (Crohn's disease). Two mechanisms for this obstruction are proposed. The first is involvement of the cricoarytenoid joint with the inflammatory process and the second is extensive edema of the upper airway due to submucosal involvement with the disease process. We were unable to find any previous reports of upper airway obstruction associated with regional enteritis. The data from these patients suggests that Crohn's disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of chronic persistent laryngeal edema.

Aryepiglottoplasty for laryngomalacia: the Alder Hey experience

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (12) ◽  
pp. 958-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Martin ◽  
K E Howarth ◽  
I Khodaei ◽  
A Karkanevatos ◽  
R W Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Cor Pulmonale ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Feeding Difficulties ◽  
Choice Procedure ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Alder Hey ◽  
Tract Infections

Laryngomalacia is the most common cause of stridor in infants. Severely affected children are at risk of feeding difficulties, apnoeic episodes and cor pulmonale secondary to upper airway obstruction. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of aryepiglottoplasty. This is a simple surgical procedure that relieves the obstruction by dividing the aryepiglottic folds. Thirty children had an aryepiglottoplasty at the Royal Liverpool Children’s Hospital between January 1995 and June 2001. The case notes of all 30 children were reviewed for age, sex, age at operation, indications, operative technique, complications and long-term outcomes. Complete resolution of stridor was obtained in 83 per cent of patients, with an improvement in a further 7 per cent. Post-operative complications included lower respiratory tract infections (13 per cent) and vomiting (7 per cent). In conclusion, simple endoscopic aryepiglottoplasty remains an effective way of treating upper airway obstruction in children. Its high resolution and low complication rate make it a safe, first choice procedure for treatment of moderate to severe laryngomalacia.

Relief of Upper Airway Obstruction Using a Cervical Splint for Young Patients with Cerebral Palsy

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-298
Author(s):  
Hyoju Son ◽  
Soohyeon Kim ◽  
Jaeho Lee ◽  
Chungmin Kang ◽  
Seunghye Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Dental Clinic ◽  
Spastic Quadriplegia ◽  
Chief Complaints

13-year old boy with spastic quadriplegia cerebral palsy visited dental clinic with chief complaints of mouth breathing and malocclusion. His mouth was constantly open at the resting position, with his mandible and tongue displaced downward. He breathed through his mouth, making a constant gurgling sound, a sign of upper airway obstruction. To enhance his mandible position, vertical chin cap was first considered, but it was not sufficient to reduce the gurgling sound or ease breathing. Then, cervical splint was considered, which effectively decreased the gurgling sound by repositioning his mandible to the anterior-superior position. Oxygen saturation was increased when the cervical splint was used. Cervical splint can effectively assist breathing in patients with cerebral palsy, but it should be carefully applied as long-term use can result in unexpected complications. Under instruction by a physician regarding proper usage, a cervical splint can be applied to assist breathing in patients with cerebral palsy.

Subglottic Post-Extubation Upper Airway Obstruction Is Associated With Long-Term Airway Morbidity in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Green ◽  
Patrick A. Ross ◽  
Christopher J. L. Newth ◽  
Robinder G. Khemani
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction
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