scholarly journals Effect of Insulin and Fasting Regimen on Blood Glucose Concentrations of Diabetic Dogs During Phacoemulsification

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Chiara Adami ◽  
Robert Shane Hayes ◽  
Rick F. Sanchez ◽  
Paolo Monticelli
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Intraoperative Complications ◽  
Insulin Dose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Patient Records ◽  
Insulin Administration ◽  
Fasting Time ◽  
Diabetic Dogs ◽  
D 12 ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

ABSTRACT This study aimed to compare four protocols for preanesthetic insulin administration and fasting time with respect to the variation of intraoperative blood glucose (BG) concentrations versus preanesthetic values (baseline). The patient records of dogs undergoing cataract surgery were included. Data on anesthetic protocols, comorbidities, and intraoperative complications (hyper- and hypoglycemia, hypotension, hypothermia, and bradycardia) were analyzed. The insulin/fasting protocols included (A) 12 hr fasting and half insulin dose, (B) 6 hr fasting and half insulin dose, (C) 12 hr fasting and full insulin dose, and (D) 12 hr fasting and no insulin. Forty-eight dogs were included (14 in A, 10 in B, 13 in C, and 11 in D). Protocol D resulted in a significant increase of intraoperative BG concentrations compared with baseline (P = .001), whereas in the remaining groups, the baseline BG did not differ from intraoperative values. There were no statistically significant associations between the treatment group and the occurrence of intraoperative complications or the presence of diagnosed comorbidities. In conclusion, different insulin and fasting regimen protocols may be used for diabetic patients with no apparent benefit or risk from one protocol versus another. The use of insulin before surgery results in lesser increase of BG intraoperatively as compared with preanesthetic values. However, whether this should be interpreted as better perioperative control of glycemia remains debatable.

Non-Invasive Monitoring of Glucose Level Changes Utilizing a mm-Wave Radar System

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Shaker ◽  
Karly Smith ◽  
Ala Eldin Omer ◽  
Shuo Liu ◽  
Clement Csech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glucose Detection ◽  
60 Ghz ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Wave Radar ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations ◽  
Different Levels

This article discusses recent developments in the authors' experiments using Google's Soli alpha kit to develop a non-invasive blood glucose detection system. The Soli system (co-developed by Google and Infineon) is a 60 GHz mm-wave radar that promises a small, mobile, and wearable platform intended for gesture recognition. They have retrofitted the setup for the system and their experiments outline a proof-of-concept prototype to detect changes of the dielectric properties of solutions with different levels of glucose and distinguish between different concentrations. Preliminary results indicated that mm-waves are suitable for glucose detection among biological mediums at concentrations similar to blood glucose concentrations of diabetic patients. The authors discuss improving the repeatability and scalability of the system, other systems of glucose detection, and potential user constraints of implementation.

scholarly journals Peripherally administered KP-10 prevents development of insulin-induced hypoglycemic shock in diabetic rhesus monkeys

2019 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-346
Author(s):  
IZ Qureshi ◽  
I Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Insulin Administration ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Respective Treatment ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

Aim This study investigated whether kisspeptin-10 (KP-10) prevents diabetic rhesus monkeys from insulin-induced hypoglycemic shock. Materials and methods Thirty-six adult male rhesus monkeys were used, six in each group. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (45 mg/kg b.w.; single dose i.v.). Groups were as: saline control, insulin alone, pre-insulin (treated with KP-10, 30 min before insulin), post-insulin (treated with KP-10, 30 min after insulin), treated with premix dose of KP-10 (50 μg) and insulin, and the group treated with the kisspeptin antagonist P234 (50 μg). Following an overnight fast, each animal was subjected to respective treatment, and blood glucose concentrations were recorded every 30-min interval for 3 h. Results Intergroup comparisons demonstrated that treatment with KP-10 prior to insulin administration and kisspeptin–insulin premix treatment allowed blood glucose levels to rise to significantly higher levels (p < 0.001) by 180 min in diabetic and healthy animals compared to treatment with insulin alone. However, intragroup comparisons revealed a significant decrease in blood glucose level in diabetic animals only. Treatment with P234 antagonist followed by insulin administration abolished the preventive action of kisspeptin, whereby blood glucose decreased significantly (p < 0.001) in both diabetic and healthy animals. KP-10 post-insulin treatment, however, remained ineffective and led, instead, to significantly decreased glucose concentrations by 180 min in both diabetic and healthy animals when compared to animals treated with insulin alone. Conclusions KP-10 bears therapeutic potential to prevent hypoglycemic shock that may sometimes occur during intensive insulin therapy. Several pharmacological aspects of its interaction with insulin and other drugs, however, remain to be investigated.

scholarly journals A glikációs index lehetséges magyarázata a hemoglobinglikáció biokinetikus modellje alapján

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (41) ◽  
pp. 1652-1657
Author(s):  
Olivér Rácz ◽  
László Barkai ◽  
György Eigner ◽  
Levente Kovács ◽  
Melinda Bicsák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Biokinetic Model ◽  
Regular Measurement ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Proper Interpretation

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A HbA1c integrált retrospektív mutatója az elmúlt időszak vércukrának, rendszeres vizsgálata a cukorbetegek anyagcserekontrolljának megítélésében elengedhetetlen. Helyes értékelése azonban nem egyszerű, mert a HbA1c és a vércukor közötti összefüggés nem lineáris. A mérést közvetlenül megelőző hyperglykaemiás epizódok hatása a HbA1c szintjére nagyobb, mint azoké, amelyek régebben történtek. A jelenségre a glikáció biokinetikus modellje ad magyarázatot. Célkitűzés: A mért és a biokinetikus modell alapján számított HbA1c közötti egyezés, illetve diszkordancia vizsgálata. Módszer: A vizsgálatokat 157, 1-es és 2-es típusú cukorbeteg 1793, laboratóriumban mért éhomi vércukor- és 511 HbA1c-adatából végeztük. A különbséget a glikációs index segítségével számítottuk, amely a mért és a számított HbA1c-érték aránya. Eredmények: Egyezést mindössze a vizsgált betegek kevesebb mint egyötödödében találtunk, 60%-ban az index értéke alacsony (<0,95) és 21%-ban magas (>1,05) volt. Az adatok részletes analízise szerint jó anyagcserekontroll esetében gyakoribb a vártnál magasabb, mért HbA1c-érték, mint a biokinetikus egyenlet által számítotté, és rosszabb kontroll (magasabb átlagos vércukor) esetében ez fordítva van. Egyezés esetén a regressziós egyenlet együtthatói gyakorlatilag azonosak a modell alapján számított értékekkel. Következtetés: Vizsgálataink felvetik azt a lehetőséget, hogy a biokinetikus modell magyarázatot adhat a vércukor és a HbA1c közötti diszkordanciára. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(41): 1652–1657. Summary. Introduction: HbA1c is an integrated retrospective marker of previous blood glucose concentrations and its regular measurement is indispensable in the assessment of glycaemic compensation of diabetic patients. However, its proper interpretation is not simple becasuse the relationship between HbA1c and average glycemia is not a linear one. Hyperglycemic episodes occuring immediately before the measurement have greater impact on the HbA1c level as compared with those taking place earlier. Objective: Assessment of concordance and discordance between measured and according to the biokinetic model calculated values of HbA1c. Method: The calculations were made from averages of 1793 fasting blood glucose and 511 HbA1c of 157, type 1 and 2 diabetic patients. The glycation index is the quotient between measured and calculated HbA1c. Results: Agreement was found in less than one fifth of the 157 patients; in 60% the value of glycation was low (<0.95) and in 21% high (>1.05). Analysis of the glycation index according to the level of glycemic compensation revealed that in patients with good compensation, the measured HbA1c value was more often higher than the expected and in patients with unsatisfactory compensation the opposite was true. Conclusion: These results raise the possibility that the discordance between average glycemia and measured HbA1c can be explained by the biokinetic model. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(41): 1652–1657.

scholarly journals Update on insulin treatment of dogs and cats with non-complicated diabetes mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
M. N. SARIDOMICHELAKIS ◽  
M. K. CHATZIS
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Insulin Dose ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Insulin Administration ◽  
Tight Control ◽  
Insulin Glargin

Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine disease of dogs and cats. Treatment is mainly based on insulin administration and dietary modifications. The aim of this review is to provide updated information on insulin treatment of dogs and cats with non-complicated diabetes mellitus. During the last years, there has been significant progress in the management of this disease, thanks to the use of long-acting insulin preparations that do not cause pronounced fluctuations of blood glucose concentrations (insulin glargin and detemir) and because of the widespread use of home glucose monitoring by the owners of diabetic pets. Home glucose monitoring is based on capillary blood sampling from the ear pinnae or the foot pad and measurement of blood glucose concentration with a portable blood glucose meter. This can be done periodically (e.g. every week) to replace the traditional in-clinic blood glucose curve; in this case, blood glucose concentration is measured just before the morning insulin administration and then every 1-2 hours until the next dose (usually for 12 hours). Furthermore, especially for the cat, home glucose monitoring can be performed 3-5 times per day, on a daily basis, in order to safely adjust insulin dose and achieve tight control of hyperglycemia (i.e. blood glucose concentration between 50 and 200 mg dl-1 throughout the day). The combination of dietary management, of insulin glargine or detemir administration and of the tight control of hyperglycemia has substantially increased the proportion of cats that enter into temporal or permanent diabetic remission and can be further managed without insulin. Another important achievement is the use of continuous glucose monitoring systems to monitor interstitial fluid glucose concentrations. These devices can be used in the clinic and at home and they can measure glucose concentration every 5 minutes for up to 72 consecutive hours, thus facilitating optimal adjustment of insulin treatment.

PROFIL KADAR GULA DARAH PASIEN DIABATES MELITUS TIPE 2 RAWAT JALAN YANG MENDAPAT TERAPI KOMBINASI GLIKLAZID-METFORMIN DI RS. DR. SARDJITO YOGYAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Ririn Puspadewi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Receive Combination Therapy ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

The purpose of this research is to find out how the fluctuation of outpatients’ blood-glucose concentrations of type 2 diabetic patients who receive combination therapy of the oral antihiperglicemic drugs (gliclazide-metformin) in DR. Sardjito Hospital. The research was conducted using an analysis-descriptive design employing a number of medical-records of patients with diabetes mellitus to collect the glucose content data. Data derived from the medical records is the data of each patient’s blood-glucose content during six months, beginning  from March to August 2002. The results give that profile of the glucose concentrations in fasting condition and 2 hours postprandial condition who recieve combination therapy of the oral antidiabetic (gliclazide-metformin) can reach out for normal concentration.

Impaired subcutaneous absorption of insulin in 'brittle' diabetics

1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Home ◽  
M. Massi-Benedetti ◽  
G. V. Gill ◽  
B. Capaldo ◽  
G. A. A. Shepherd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Insulin Infusion ◽  
Insulin Dose ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Free Insulin ◽  
Brittle Diabetics ◽  
Plasma Free Insulin

Abstract. Twenty-four hour plasma free insulin and blood glucose and intermediary metabolite profiles have been measured in 6 C-peptide deficient 'brittle' diabetic patients, during continuous sc and im insulin infusion. During sc infusion free insulin profiles were erratic and unpredictable. Mean 24 h blood glucose levels were raised at 12.6 ± 2.1 (se) mmol/l, and 3-hydroxybutyrate at 0.24 ± 0.08 mmol/1. Blood lactate (1.88 ± 0.18 mmol/l) and glycerol (0.084 ± 0.007) were also elevated. Insulin (im) restored free insulin profiles to the normal pattern as found in 'stable' diabetics on sc infusion, with characteristic post-meal peaks (49 ± 7, 103 ± 35, and 95 ± 34 mU/l) and stable night-time levels. Mean 24 h blood glucose was 6.7 ± 1.1 mmol/l (P < 0.05 compared to sc infusion) and 3-hydroxybutyrate 0.07 ± 0.02 mmol/l (P < 0.05). Blood lactate (1.67 ± 0.08 mmol/l) and glycerol (0.10 ± 0.02 mmol/l) levels remained abnormal. The ratio of plasma free insulin to insulin dose administered was significantly higher during im infusion. In the 6 'stable' diabetics on sc insulin infusion good blood glucose control (7.1 ± 0.9 mmol/l) was accompanied by clear post-prandial insulin peaks, and stable nocturnal levels. The results strongly suggest that in one category of 'brittle' diabetics there is defective and erratic sc insulin absorption.

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