The relationship between tension headache and screen exposure in children and adolescents

Screen Time ◽

Technological Development ◽

Muscle Tension ◽

Tension Headache ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Primary Headaches ◽

Healthy Habits ◽

Background: Primary headaches are idiopathic or genetic conditions without a known secondary cause. Primary tension-type headache is characterized by bilateral, non-throbbing pain, of mild to moderate intensity. Nowadays, with greater exposure to electronics, a relationship was observed between screen time and increased tension headache among children and adolescents. Objective: Elucidate the association between tension-type headache and increased screen exposure among children and adolescents. Methods: A literature review was carried out after analyzing scientific articles from 2014 to 2020, on Scielo, UPTODATE and Pubmed, in Portuguese and English. Results: With technological development and behavioural changes, the use of electronics has grown among children and adolescents. However, its overuse causes consequences such as a sedentary lifestyle, stress, reduced socialization and complaints of headache. In children, the most prevalent primary headaches are tension-type and migraine. The tension-type headache is characterized by bilateral location, in pressure, with photophobia or phonophobia, without nausea or vomiting. The hypothesis that best explains the association between tension headache and screen exposure is that consecutive periods of electronic activities cause sustained muscle tension and pain. Furthermore, there is an influence of genetic factors, diet and psychological stress. Therefore, it is necessary to raise awareness of the importance of an approach to avoid triggers for headache in children, such as controlling screen time and maintaining healthy habits. Conclusions: The correlation between excessive screen time and headache is substantial and admits an educational performance by health professionals to avoid harmful consequences to growth.

Contingent Negative Variation in Childhood Migraine

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1046/j.1468-2982.1993.1301042.x ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 42-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Evelyn Besken ◽

Raymund Pothmann ◽

Gudrun Sartory

Keyword(s):

Contingent Negative Variation ◽

Intertrial Interval ◽

Tension Headache ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Button Press ◽

Control Group ◽

Childhood Migraine ◽

Type Headache ◽

Diagnostic Importance

Adult migraineurs without aura have an increased amplitude of the Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) between attacks. Given the potential diagnostic importance of this finding and the difficulties associated with diagnosing migraine in childhood it seemed important to assess CNV in children suffering from this disorder. Ninety-seven children aged between 8 and 14 years were recruited. Forty-two suffered from migraine, 34 from tension-type headache. Twenty-one healthy controls were also studied. CNV was recorded from Fz, Cz and Pz referenced to linked earlobes during 20 trials consisting of two tones of moderate intensity with an interstimulus interval (ISI) of 4 sec and an intertrial interval (ITI) of 10 to 14 sec. The second tone of each trial required a button press. EOG was recorded from the left eye. The 10 CNV responses with the least EOG artefact were selected and averaged. Children with migraine had a highly significantly more negative mean CNV amplitude at all three electrode sites than children with tension-type headache and also a more pronounced Post-Imperative-Negative-Variation (PINV). Migrainous children differed from controls only at Cz (ISI). There was also a highly significant increase of mean CNV amplitude and PINV at all three electrode sites in the control group compared to the tension headache group.

Is There a Relation Between Vitamin B₁₂ Levels and Headaches in Children and Adolescents?

Journal of Dr Behcet Uz Children s Hospital ◽

10.5222/buchd.2021.32767 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Müge Ayanoğlu ◽

Hale Tuhan ◽

Ayça Kömüroğlu ◽

Ayşe Tosun

Keyword(s):

Vitamin B12 ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Control Group ◽

Vitamin B ◽

Primary Headaches ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Type Headache ◽

Lower Vitamin

Objective: Primary headaches are common and benign discomforts both in children and adolescents. However, they have a negative influence on the quality of life. This retrospective study aimed to determine the relationship between vitamin B12 results and primary headaches in Turkish children. Methods: Demographical features, headache types, laboratory results, including vitamin B12, were assessed retrospectively. Headache types were categorized as tension-type headache, migraine, and unclassified headache according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders-beta version (ICD-3 beta). Patients with seconder headaches, anemia, and macrocytosis were excluded. Results: The study group consisted of 133 (86 female, 47 male) patients with headache and a control group of 103 (57 female, 46 male) healthy children. There was no significant difference in terms of age and gender between groups (p>0.05). Vitamin B₁₂ levels in tension-type headache, migraine, and unclassified headache groups were significantly lower (p<0.0001) than in the control group. Logistic regression has identified lower vitamin B12 levels than 400 pg/ml as an independent risk factor for headache (OR: 3.212, 95% CI: 1.850-5.576). Conclusion: We conclude that lower vitamin B12 levels than 400 pg/mL may be associated with tension-type headache, migraine, and unclassified headache.

FREQUENT EPISODIC TENSION-TYPE HEADACHE IN STUDENTES OF PHYSIOTHERAPY COURSE

Manual Therapy Posturology & Rehabilitation Journal ◽

10.17784/mtprehabjournal.2017.15.500 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Élcio Alves Guimarães ◽

Kennedy Rodrigues Lima ◽

Mariana Nunes Faria ◽

Kelly Duarte Lima Makhoul ◽

Lucas Resende Sousa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Classification Criteria ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Physical Effort ◽

Academic Context ◽

Frequent Episodes ◽

Introduction: Frequent episodic tension-type headache (FETTH), is described as frequent episodes of pain, located on both sides of the head, as a feeling of pressure or tightening, from mild to moderate intensity which may last from 30 minutes to seven days. The pain does not worsen with routine physical effort and may present photophobia or phonophobia. In this case, headache is one of the most common reasons for the complaint of children and adolescents, and it is a major problem among college students because it leads to the loss of study days and a decrease in academic performance. Objective: The aim of the present study was to conduct a survey on the prevalence of FETTH in students of Physiotherapy course of Centro Universitário do Triângulo (Unitri). Method: The research was done with the students registered in Physiotherapy course, in the second half of 2015, from the application of a questionnaire about the International Classification of Headache, according to the diagnostic criteria for FETTH. Result: Among the students, 18 (7.5%) presented FETTH, based on these classification criteria, but it was expected that 50% of the students expose symptoms indicative of TTHEF. Conclusion: It is concluded that FETTH is a type of headache that is not very prevalent in the academic context of the Physiotherapy course of the referred institution.

Primary Headaches Associated with Sexual Activity—some Observations in Indian Patients

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1111/j.1468-2982.2005.01027.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 202-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A Chakravarty

Keyword(s):

Sexual Activity ◽

Tension Headache ◽

Primary Headache ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Primary Headaches ◽

Patient Age ◽

Indian Patients ◽

Vascular Type ◽

Patient Âgé ◽

Primary headache associated with sexual activity appears to be relatively uncommon in a clinic-based study in Indian patients. Only 24 patients (M : F 18 : 6) were encountered over a 20-year period (1985–2004). Of the 18 male patients, 14 (age 33–42 years) had preorgasmic headache of tension-headache type for 2–8 months, one patient (age 58 years) had orgasmic headache of vascular type for 1 month and three subjects (age 19–23 years) had masturbatory headache also simulating tension-type headache for 3–7 weeks. These observations are at variance with those generally reported from western countries. Of the six female patients, four (age 26–32 years) had typical orgasmic headache of the vascular type (for a few months to a few years), only one of whom had been a migraine sufferer. One patient (age 35 years) presented with a single episode of thunderclap headache where angiography had been negative. Another female subject (age 30 years) experienced typical orgasmic headache only during masturbation but not during actual sexual intercourse. Occurrence of sexual headaches in both male and female subjects had been unpredictable. Few had associated migraine and none ever experienced exertional headache.

Chronic Daily Headache in Children and Adolescents: A Clinic Based Study from India

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1111/j.1468-2982.2005.00958.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 25 (10) ◽

pp. 795-800 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

A Chakravarty

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Criteria ◽

Interpersonal Relationships ◽

Chronic Daily Headache ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Primary Headaches ◽

Case Definitions ◽

Indian Children ◽

Daily Headache ◽

Chronic Daily Headache (CDH) is uncommon in Indian children compared to their adult counterpart. This is a retrospective study looking at the headache phenomenology of CDH in Indian children and adolescents. The validity of the case definitions of subtypes of chronic primary headaches mentioned in the HIS 2004 classification have been evaluated. 22 children (age range 8-15 years; M : F-16 : 6) diagnosed as having primary CDH using a modified definition seen between 2002 and 2003 have been studied. CDH has been defined as daily or near daily headaches > 15d/month for > 6 weeks. The rationale for this modified definition has been discussed. Majority of children (15/22) had a more or loss specified time of onset of regular headache spells resembling New Daily Persistent Headache (NDPH) but did not fulfil totally the diagnostic criteria of NDPH as laid down by IHS 2004. In all cases headache phenomenology included a significant vascular component. Headache phenomenology closely resembled Chronic Tension Type Headache (CTTH) in 4 patients and Chronic Migraine in 3 patients. However, in no patient in these groups, a history of evolution from the episodic forms of the diseases could be elicited. Heightened level of anxiety mostly related to academic stress and achievement was noted in the majority (19/22). Only a minority of patients (3/22) had anxiety and depression related to interpersonal relationships in the family. Medication overuse was not implicated in any patient. CDH in children in India is very much different from CDH in adults with the vast majority of patients exhibiting overlapping features of migraine and tension-type headache. There is need for a modified diagnostic criteria and terminology for chronic primary headaches in children.

Headache in Children and Adolescents: The Association between Screen Time and Headache within a Clinical Headache Population

Neuropediatrics ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1740550 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Josefine Lund ◽

Amalie Berring-Uldum ◽

Merve Colak ◽

Nanette Marinette Monique Debes

Keyword(s):

Migraine With Aura ◽

Screen Time ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

University Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Headache Diagnosis ◽

Abstract Background More than half of children and adolescents have experienced headache within the last 3 months. Several risk factors for headache have been identified, including obesity and lack of sleep. The association between screen time and headache in children and adolescents is sparsely investigated. The aim of this study was to assess this association and evaluate if it varied according to headache diagnosis. Method This cross-sectional study was performed at the tertiary pediatric outpatient clinic for headache at Herlev University Hospital. A total of 139 participants who answered a questionnaire on lifestyle factors and their daily living were included. Diagnoses of migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) were made according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3. Children with both migraine and TTH were allocated to a mixed headache group. We differentiated between total, leisure, and school-related screen time. Results The mean age was 13.20 ± 3.38 years and 53.2% were girls. Note that 25.2% were diagnosed with migraine without aura, 23.0% migraine with aura, 28.1% TTH, 15.8% mixed headache, and 7.9% had an unclassified headache diagnosis at the time of inclusion. There was no statistically significant difference in screen time across the five headache groups. An association between screen time and headache frequency was found in children with migraine with aura. Conclusion In this study, we investigated the association between screen time and headache in children and adolescents. More screen time was associated with more frequent headaches in children with migraine with aura. Future prospective studies are needed to determine the causality of this association.

Osmophobia and primary headaches in children and adolescents

Headache Medicine ◽

10.48208/headachemed.2018.3 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 9-15

Author(s):

Albérico Albanês Oliveira Bernardo ◽

Fabíola Lys de Medeiros ◽

Pedro Augusto Sampaio Rocha-Filho

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

High Specificity ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Primary Headaches ◽

Important Relationship ◽

Type Headache ◽

Low Sensitivity

Headache is one of the most frequent complaints in children and adolescents and there are difficulties to specify the diagnostic in the pediatric population, mainly due to the fact of biological and psychic immaturity. There is an important relationship between odors and primary headaches. Osmophobia can occur during headaches and odors can trigger headache attacks. The prevalence of osmophobia in pediatric patients with migraine varies from 25% to 35%, being a symptom of low sensitivity, but high specificity in the differential diagnosis between migraine and tension-type headache. Odor intolerance, when present, does not appear to be difficult to report and characterized by adults or children.

Clinical Features of Primary Headache in Children: A Multicentre Hospital-Based Study in France

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01656.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 28 (11) ◽

pp. 1145-1153 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

J-C Cuvellier ◽

A Donnet ◽

È Guégan-Massardier ◽

F Nachit-Ouinekh ◽

D Parain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Headache ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Single Type ◽

Primary Headaches ◽

Diagnostic Categories ◽

Prospective Multicentre Study ◽

Probable Migraine ◽

The aim of this study was to evaluate the concordance between clinical diagnosis and the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edn (ICHD-II) in children and adolescents with primary headaches. This 6-month prospective multicentre study of 486 patients (mean 9.8 ± 3.1 years; 52.6± girls) assessed the headache features through a structured questionnaire. In 398 patients with a single type of headache, headaches were bilateral (78.1±), frontal (62.4±), pulsatile (56.1±), with associated symptoms in 84.4±. The most frequently assigned diagnoses were migraine without aura (50.8±), probable migraine (14.1±), migraine with aura (11.1±) and frequent episodic tension-type headache (7.5±). For most of the diagnostic categories, the consistency of the investigator's diagnosis with the ICHD-II criteria was good (K > 0.6 and ≤ 0.8) or excellent (K > 0.8). We conclude that migraine was predominant with regard to headache diagnoses repartition and that the ICHD-II seems usable in practice for evaluation of primary headache in French children and adolescents.

Global Burden of Headache Disorders in Children and Adolescents 2007–2017

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18010250 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 250

Author(s):

Matilde Leonardi ◽

Licia Grazzi ◽

Domenico D’Amico ◽

Paolo Martelletti ◽

Erika Guastafierro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tension Type Headache ◽

Global Burden ◽

Specific Information ◽

Headache Disorders ◽

Substantial Impact ◽

Public Health Policies ◽

School Activities ◽

Type Headache ◽

Years Lived With Disability

Headache disorders are prevalent and disabling conditions impacting on people of all ages, including children and adolescents with substantial impact on their school activities and leisure time. Our study aims to report specific information on headaches in children and adolescents based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, that provides estimates for incidence, prevalence, fatal and non-fatal outcomes. We relied on 2007 and 2017 GBD estimates for prevalence and Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) at the global level and in WHO regions. The results show that, migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) together account for 37.5% of all-cause prevalence and for 7% of all-cause YLDs. Over the past decade, prevalence rates showed a mild increase of TTH in all ages and of migraine alone for adolescents. The YLDs increased among females of all ages with some regional differences that might be connected to the unequal availability of effective acute and prophylactic treatments across world regions. GBD data support the need to promote public health policies and strategies including diagnosis, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments that are expected to help reduce the disability and burden associated to migraine and TTH among children and adolescents.

Psychopathology in children and adolescents with primary headaches: Categorical and dimensional approaches

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/0333102413495966 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (16) ◽

pp. 1311-1318 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Francesco Margari ◽

Elisabetta Lucarelli ◽

Francesco Craig ◽

Maria G Petruzzelli ◽

Paola A Lecce ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Problems ◽

Child Psychopathology ◽

Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽

Primary Headache ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽

Control Group ◽

Primary Headaches ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Background Recurrent headache is common in childhood, but there is not a great amount of data on the associations between headaches and psychopathology in children. Objective The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between primary headaches and psychopathology in children, using both the categorical and dimensional assessment. Methods The sample consisted of 70 patients with primary headache compared to a matched sample of 50 healthy children. Psychiatric comorbidity was defined according to the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disorders. Child psychopathology outcomes were assessed using child- and parent-reported standardized instruments. Results Internalizing and externalizing problems were significantly represented among children with headaches compared to the control group, respectively 63% and 27%, without significant differences between migraine and tension-type headache children. Moreover, a total of 26% of the children with a headache reported psychiatric comorbidity such as anxiety and mood disorders. Conclusion The dimensional approach improves accuracy in the recognition of emotional and behavioral problems compared to the categorical approach; however, the use of both of these approaches could be useful for clinical practice, treatment and research.