scholarly journals Kohärenzgefühl und Religiosität bei polnischen und deutschen Studierenden

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Schonder
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Religious Convictions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Country Specific

This empirical study contributes to the question of whether there is a difference in the influence of religious beliefs and affiliation on the sense of coherence between young people from a secular country (such as Germany) and a Catholic country (such as Poland). To empirically capture the sense of coherence a surevy on life orientation was used. Under the concept of „Religeous Beliefs“ it examinded religious convictions, organized and non-organized religious activities. The random sample included 2266 students from Germany and Poland. The participants had Protestant, Catholic, and Buddhist religious affiliations, as well as no religious affiliation. At the individual level, where sense of cohernece was only examined in relation to indicators of religious beliefs, having a religious conviction shows positive effects on students’ sense of coherence. However, its relevance is country-specific. Going to church and being affiliated with a religion has a stronger influence on Polish students’ sense of coherence than on German students.

scholarly journals Cross-Level Mediating Effects of Social Relationships between Religiosity and Successful Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 928-929
Author(s):  
Hayoung Park ◽  
Hey Jung Jun ◽  
Susanna Joo
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Individual

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the cross-level mediating effects of social relationships on the association between religiosity and successful aging. The data was the 7th Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing and the sample was 1,191 couples aged 65 and above. Independent variables were the level of participation in religious activities at the individual level and religious similarity between couples at the couple level. The dependent variable was successful aging at the individual level, which consisted of physical, cognitive, social, and psychological dimensions. Mediating variables were two social relationships: frequency of social interaction at the individual level and marital satisfaction at the couple level. We applied Full Information Maximum Likelihood estimation to include 8% of the sample with missing values in data. According to the multi-level mediation path analysis, both frequency of social interaction and marital satisfaction had mediating effects on the association between the level of participation in religious activities and successful aging; the more they participate in religious activities, the higher the frequency of social interaction and marital satisfaction, and this had positive effects on successful aging. Also, marital satisfaction had a mediating effect on the association between religious similarity and successful aging; when married couples have the same religion, marital satisfaction was higher than when they do not, and this had a positive effect on successful aging. This study is meaningful in presenting multi-dimensional discussions on religiosity and social relationships in later life and a new empirical model to promote successful aging at both individual and couple levels.

scholarly journals Bearing the Weight of Imprisonment: The Relationship Between Prison Climate and Well-Being

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1385-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther F. J. C. van Ginneken ◽  
Hanneke Palmen ◽  
Anouk Q. Bosma ◽  
Miranda Sentse
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Unit Level ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Individual Perceptions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Little is known about the relative influence of shared and individual perceptions of prison climate on adjustment to incarceration. This study investigated the relationship between prison climate and well-being among a sample of 4,538 adults incarcerated in the Netherlands. Prison climate dimensions were considered both as prison unit-level variables and as individual-level perceptions. Multilevel analysis results showed that most variance for well-being is found at the individual rather than the unit level. This implies that it does not make much of a difference for well-being in which prison unit someone resides. Positive effects of prison climate on well-being were primarily found for individual perceptions of prison climate, rather than for the aggregate unit measures. More research is needed to determine whether this finding holds true in other countries. The findings confirm the importance of disentangling the contribution of prison climate at the individual and group level.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Pay for Performance Programs in Romanian Companies and the Mediating Role of Organizational Justice

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Sebastian Uriesi
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Pay For Performance ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Performance Pay ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The present research examined the influences of pay for performance programs on employee performance in the Romanian context, by comparing a sample of employees in companies in which such programs are implemented to a sample of employees in organizations in which performance is not used as a criterion in deciding financial rewards. Results show that the work performances of the former, as evaluated by the direct supervisors of each employee, are significantly higher than those of the latter, and that this effect of performance pay is partly mediated by its positive effects on employee perceptions of distributive and procedural justice. Furthermore, results indicate that the individual – level financial incentive systems are more efficient in fostering work performance than the team – level performance pay programs in the Romanian employee sample, and that they also have stronger effects on the two dimensions of organizational justice.

scholarly journals Planned Retirement Timing in Europe: Are Europeans Adapting to the Policy of Extending Working Lives

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Hess ◽  
Laura Naegele ◽  
Lena Becker ◽  
Jana Mäcken ◽  
Wouter De Tavernier
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Self Reported Health Status ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Country Specific

As populations are ageing concerns regarding the sustainability of European welfare states have come to the forefront. In reaction, policy makers have implemented measurements aimed at the prolongation of working lives. This study investigates weather older workers have adapted their planned retirement age, as a result of this new policy credo. Based on data from Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) the analysis shows an increase of the planned retirement age (1.36 years) across all ten European countries investigated, albeit with country-specific variations. Variations on the individual level can be detected in regard to gender, education and self-reported health status.

Managerial Ambidexterity and Firm Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-69
Author(s):  
Ching Seng Yap ◽  
Rizal Ahmad ◽  
Farah Waheeda Jalaludin ◽  
Nurul Afza Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Environmental Dynamism ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Knowledge Brokerage ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Ambidexterity or the ability by individuals or firms to simultaneously and synergistically pursue both exploitation and exploration activities has been found to have positive effects on firm performance. However, the ambidexterity literature has been predominated by the studies at the organizational level, and little is known about the antecedents and consequences of ambidexterity at the individual level. This study examines environmental dynamism and social network as the antecedents of managerial ambidexterity, and knowledge brokerage and firm performance as the consequences. This study tests the mediating role of knowledge brokerage on the relationship between managerial ambidexterity and firm performance. Data are collected from 308 senior executives working in technology manufacturing firms in Malaysia using a questionnaire survey. The findings reveal that environmental dynamism and social networks are significantly and positively related to managerial ambidexterity, and knowledge brokerage mediates the relationship between managerial ambidexterity and firm performance.

scholarly journals Do Older Employees Have a Lower Individual Productivity Potential than Younger Employees?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pål Børing ◽  
Jens B. Grøgaard
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Older Employees ◽  
Younger Workers ◽  
Individual Productivity ◽  
Productivity Potential ◽  
The Individual

AbstractWe examine the relationship between employees’ age and their individual productivity potential (IPP). IPP is measured by individual characteristics which are related to skills utilisation at work. Using PIAAC data for 27 European and non-European countries, we find that the oldest employees have a lower IPP score than the middle-aged employees in 17 of the 27 countries. It seems to be most demanding for the oldest workers to keep up with the IPP of younger workers in countries with high average skill loss for the oldest age group or high average skills level for all age groups (or both). The significant positive effects of formal education and the absence of significant effects of skills on the IPP score in many of the countries (the individual level), are easier to adapt to the human capital perspective on the importance of formal education than to the perspective of the signalling theory.

scholarly journals Dimensions Regarding the Communication-Satisfaction-Organizational Performance Relationship in the Knowledge Society

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Florin Mesaroş ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Internal Communication ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Individual

A significant problem facing modern society, which directly and immediately affects, but also indirectly, the lives of individuals, groups, and community, in general, is the problem of communication. Today, communication is the primary dimension and value of our existence, becoming omnipresent, so that it is not even perceived as a distinct activity. Its role is to facilitate interaction between people, in the environment in which they evolve, through the content of issued and received messages to achieve certain goals and transmit particular meanings. Performance and satisfaction are interdependent and separate. Performance remains influenced by individual characteristics such as competence and overall perspicacity, organizational support related to technology and resources, and work effort. Good management of internal communication leads to eliminating differences in receiving any change, with positive effects on the efficiency, credibility, and public image of the institution. The degree of vulnerability of the organization is reflected both in the discursive manifestation at the individual level and especially on organizational performance. There is a need for constant review and continuous improvement of the way an organization measures its performance.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Pay for Performance Programs in Romanian Companies and the Mediating Role of Organizational Justice

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Sebastian Uriesi
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Pay For Performance ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Performance Pay ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The present research examined the influences of pay for performance programs on employee performance in the Romanian context, by comparing a sample of employees in companies in which such programs are implemented to a sample of employees in organizations in which performance is not used as a criterion in deciding financial rewards. Results show that the work performances of the former, as evaluated by the direct supervisors of each employee, are significantly higher than those of the latter, and that this effect of performance pay is partly mediated by its positive effects on employee perceptions of distributive and procedural justice. Furthermore, results indicate that the individual - level financial incentive systems are more efficient in fostering work performance than the team - level performance pay programs in the Romanian employee sample, and that they also have stronger effects on the two dimensions of organizational justice.

scholarly journals Integration of Health Coaching Concepts and Skills into Clinical Practice Among VHA Providers: A Qualitative Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2164957X1875746 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Collins ◽  
Kirsten Thompson ◽  
Katharine A. Atwood ◽  
Melissa H. Abadi ◽  
David L. Rychener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Health Coaching ◽  
System Level ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Clinical Role ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Coaching Skills ◽  
The Individual

Background Although studies of health coaching for behavior change in chronic disease prevention and management are increasing, to date no studies have reported on what concepts and skills providers integrate into their clinical practice following participation in health coaching courses. The purpose of this qualitative study was to assess Veterans Health Administration (VHA) providers’ perceptions of the individual-level and system-level changes they observed after participating with colleagues in a 6-day Whole Health Coaching course held in 8 VHA medical centers nationwide. Methods Data for this study were from the follow-up survey conducted with participants 2 to 3 months after completing the training. A total of 142 responses about individual-level changes and 99 responses about system-level changes were analyzed using content analysis. Results Eight primary themes emerged regarding individual changes, including increased emphasis on Veterans’ values, increased use of listening and other specific health coaching skills in their clinical role, and adding health coaching to their clinical practice.Four primary themes emerged regarding system-level changes, including leadership support, increased staff awareness/support/learning and sharing, increased use of health coaching skills or tools within the facility, and organizational changes demonstrating a more engaged workforce, such as new work groups being formed or existing groups becoming more active. Conclusions Findings suggest that VHA providers who participate in health coaching trainings do perceive positive changes within themselves and their organizations. Health coaching courses that emphasize patient-centered care and promote patient–provider partnerships likely have positive effects beyond the individual participants that can be used to promote desired organizational change.

scholarly journals The individual level effect of symbolic representation: An experimental study on teacher-student gender congruence and students’ perceived abilities in math

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Doornkamp ◽  
Petra Van den Bekerom ◽  
Sandra Groeneveld
Keyword(s):  
Student Performance ◽  
Representative Bureaucracy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Individual Client ◽  
The Individual

Studies on representative bureaucracy have often confirmed the positive performance effects of bureaucracies mirroring the demographic characteristics of their clientele. However, little is known about the underlying individual level mechanisms leading to these outcomes. In this study, theoretical ideas from representative bureaucracy literature and social and educational psychology are combined in a new model that explains effects of passive representation from the perspective of the individual client in the educational field. It is hypothesized that positive effects of gender congruence on students’ academic self-concepts are mediated by gender stereotypical beliefs of students. This mediation is expected to be moderated by the self-confidence of the teacher. Results of a survey experiment among students in a Dutch high school do not support the hypothesized relationships. The study does reveal gender differences in stereotypical beliefs and academic self-concepts though. Furthermore, the academic self-concept for math of both male and female students is higher if the math teacher is a woman. The study concludes with a discussion of the findings and avenues for future research on the role of stereotypical beliefs in the association between gender representation and student performance.

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