Comparative Expression Analysis of Genes Encoding Neurotransmitter Receptors Between Entrepreneurs and Non-Entrepreneurs

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2928-2932
Author(s):  
Fatih Yildirim ◽  
M. Enes Aslan ◽  
Hüseyin daştan ◽  
M. Emirhan Kula ◽  
Seda Kayapali Yildirim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Rna Isolation ◽  
Neurotransmitter Receptors ◽  
Pcr Array ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Neurotransmitter Activity

Introduction and Purpose: Recent studies revealed that different behavioral and physiological processes are closely related to different receptor levels in humans. On the other hand, there weren’t any studies that investigated neurotransmitter activity and entrepreneurship relationships. Little is known about how genes expressed in the blood are associated with entrepreneurship. In this study, we measured the expression of 84 genes encoding neurotransmitter receptors between the entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs (n=25) using RT-PCR arrays to monitor differentially expressed genes for exploring molecular mechanism behind the entrepreneurship mindset. Materials and Methods: After determining whether participants are entrepreneurs or not, blood samples were collected. Blood samples were collected in Vacutainer® EDTA tubes as 10 ml and RNA isolation was performed at the Erzurum Technical University, Cell Culture Laboratory. Trizol® solution for RNA isolation (Thermo®, USA) was applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. Concentrations of RNA samples were measured at 260 nm using a spectrophotometer (Epoch®, Biotek). Then, total RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA by using High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit (Thermo®). Total 84 genes were analyzed via RT² Profiler™ Human Neurotransmitter Receptors PCR Array (Qiagen®, USA) in Rotor-Gene Q real-time PCR cycler (Qiagen®, USA). Findings: The gene expression results obtained from RT-PCR were compared between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs, and presented as Fold Changes (FC). According to our results, positive FC values indicated an increase in the expression of the genes and negative FC values indicated decrease in gene expression levels in entrepreneurs. Results: These 84 different genes regulate neurotransmitter biosynthesis, uptake, transport, and signaling via neurotransmitter receptors. According to gene expression analyses, gene expressions that could be related to the entrepreneur behavior might be connected to not only undesired psychological outcomes like various addictions and also neurological cases such as schizophrenia and depressive disorder. Our results firstly indicated that entrepreneurship was not only associated with neurotransmitter release but also with receptor levels. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurs, Genes, Neurotransmitter Receptors, RT-PCR Array

Comparative Expression Analysis of Genes Encoding Neurotransmitter Receptors Between Entrepreneurs and Non-Entrepreneurs

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 3058-3062
Author(s):  
Fatih Yildirim ◽  
M. Enes Aslan ◽  
Hüseyin Daştan ◽  
M. Emirhan Kula ◽  
Seda Kayapaliyildirim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Rna Isolation ◽  
Neurotransmitter Receptors ◽  
Pcr Array ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Neurotransmitter Activity

Introduction and Purpose: Recent studies revealed that different behavioral and physiological processes are closely related to different receptor levels in humans. On the other hand, there weren’t any studies that investigated neurotransmitter activity and entrepreneurship relationships. Little is known about how genes expressed in the blood are associated with entrepreneurship. In this study, we measured the expression of 84 genes encoding neurotransmitter receptors between the entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs (n=25) using RT-PCR arrays to monitor differentially expressed genes for exploring molecular mechanism behind the entrepreneurship mindset. Materials and Methods: After determining whether participants are entrepreneurs or not, blood samples were collected. Blood samples were collected in Vacutainer® EDTA tubes as 10 ml and RNA isolation was performed at the Erzurum Technical University, Cell Culture Laboratory. Trizol® solution for RNA isolation (Thermo®, USA) was applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. Concentrations of RNA samples were measured at 260 nm using a spectrophotometer (Epoch®, Biotek). Then, total RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA by using High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit (Thermo®). Total 84 genes were analyzed via RT² Profiler™ Human Neurotransmitter Receptors PCR Array (Qiagen®, USA) in Rotor-Gene Q real-time PCR cycler (Qiagen®, USA). Findings: The gene expression results obtained from RT-PCR were compared between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs, and presented as Fold Changes (FC). According to our results, positive FC values indicated an increase in the expression of the genes and negative FC values indicated decrease in gene expression levels in entrepreneurs. Results: These 84 different genes regulate neurotransmitter biosynthesis, uptake, transport, and signaling via neurotransmitter receptors. According to gene expression analyses, gene expressions that could be related to the entrepreneur behavior might be connected to not only undesired psychological outcomes like various addictions and also neurological cases such as schizophrenia and depressive disorder. Our results firstly indicated that entrepreneurship was not only associated with neurotransmitter release but also with receptor levels. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurs, Genes, Neurotransmitter Receptors, RT-PCR Array

scholarly journals Up-Regulation Mttp and Apob Gene Expression in Rat Liver is Related to Post-Lipectomy Hypertriglyceridemia

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1767-1777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Dettlaff-Pokora ◽  
Tomasz Sledzinski ◽  
Julian Swierczynski
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Spot 14 ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Experimental Rat Model

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to explain the molecular basis for elevated concentrations of circulating triglycerides (TAGs) after partial surgical removal of adipose tissue (lipectomy) in rats. Methods: The levels of mRNA and protein: a) involved in synthesis of fatty acids and TAGs; b) participating in TAG-rich lipoproteins assembly and secretion; and c) transcription factors essential for maintaining TAG homeostasis were determined by RT-PCR and Western Blot in the livers of control and lipectomized rats. Results: Partial lipectomy was associated with increase: a) in serum and liver concentration of TAGs, and b) in the liver levels of mRNA of microsomal TAG transfer protein (MTP) and apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB-100). These changes were tightly associated with up-regulation of Hnf1a and Hnf4a gene expression in the liver. Lipectomy was also reflected by a significant increase in the expression of genes encoding: a) fatty acid synthase (FASN), b) glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase 1 (GPAT1), diacylglycerol acyltransferases 1 and 2 (DGAT1 and DGAT2), c) spot 14 protein (S14) and SREBP-1 in the liver. Conclusion: Coordinated up-regulation of Mttp, Apob, Hnf1a, Hnf4a, Fasn, Gpam and Dgat (1 and 2) gene expressions may contribute to the increase in circulating and liver concentrations of TAGs after lipectomy in an experimental rat model.

scholarly journals Cbx2, a Polycomb Group Gene, Is Required for Sry Gene Expression in Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 913-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Katoh-Fukui ◽  
Kanako Miyabayashi ◽  
Tomoko Komatsu ◽  
Akiko Owaki ◽  
Takashi Baba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Polycomb Group ◽  
Polycomb Group Protein ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Sry Gene ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Group Protein ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analyses

Mice lacking the function of the polycomb group protein CBX2 (chromobox homolog 2; also known as M33) show defects in gonadal, adrenal, and splenic development. In particular, XY knockout (KO) mice develop ovaries but not testes, and the gonads are hypoplastic in both sexes. However, how CBX2 regulates development of these tissues remains largely unknown. In the present study, we used microarray, RT-PCR, and immunohistochemical analyses to show that the expression of Sry, Sox9, Lhx9, Ad4BP/SF-1, Dax-1, Gata4, Arx, and Dmrt1, genes encoding transcription factors essential for gonadal development, is affected in Cbx2 KO gonads. Male-to-female sex reversal in Cbx2 KO mice was rescued by crossing them with transgenic mice displaying forced expression of Sry or Sox9. However, testes remained hypoplastic in these mice, indicating that the size and the sex of the gonad are determined by different sets of genes. Our study implicates Cbx2 in testis differentiation through regulating Sry gene expression.

Prognostic Relevance of Gene Expression Using RT-PCR in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 4559-4559
Author(s):  
Hee-Nam Kim ◽  
Je-Jung Lee ◽  
Deok-Hwan Yang ◽  
Yeo-Kyeoung Kim ◽  
Nan Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Prognostic Relevance ◽  
Large B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Large B Cell

Abstract Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is characterized by a marked degree of morphologic and clinical heterogeneity. Recently, Rosenwalt et al. (N Engl J Med 2002) reported that four gene expression “signature”, 17 genes were identified as correlated with patient outcome by DNA microarray in DLBCL. In this study, we aim to establish predictor of outcome could help to identify patients who may benefit from risk-adjusted therapies in advance. To do it, we evaluate the prognostic relevance of 17 gene expressions in 72 patients with DLBCL who received a conventional chemotherapy. Seventeen genes were studied using RT-PCR assay from paraffin-embedded sections at the time of diagnosis. The median age of the patients was 58 years (range: 21–80 years). When we initially exam an appropriative patient’s selection for survival analysis, overall survival (OS) at 2 years in patients with the international prognostic index (IPI) < 2 and IPI ≥ 2 were 95.2±4.6% and 50.6±11.8%, respectively (p = 0.009), and progression free survival (PFS) at 2 years in patients with the IPI < 2 and IPI ≥ 2 were 75.0±9.7% and 46.7±12.9%, respectively (p = 0.049). Of the 17 genes, patients with uPA expression showed a shorter OS compared with those without the gene expression. Additionally, patients with the expression of NPM3, uPA, fibronectin, or IMAGE814622 showed a shorter PFS compared with those without the gene expressions. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the gene expression profiling with simple RT-PCR assay is useful for analysis of the prognostic implications in patients with DLBCL.

scholarly journals Selected Clinical Features Fail to Predict Inflammatory Gene Expressions for TNF-α, TNFR1, NSMAF, Casp3 and IL-8 in Tendons of Patients with Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Slawomir Struzik ◽  
Bozena Czarkowska-Paczek ◽  
Aleksandra Wyczalkowska-Tomasik ◽  
Paweł Maldyk ◽  
Leszek Paczek
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy

AbstractThe pathophysiology of rotator cuff tendinopathy is not fully understood, particularly in terms of the local inflammatory process. This study aimed to investigate the expression of selected molecules in the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α transduction pathway, including TNF-α, TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), neutral sphingomyelinase activation associated factor (NSMAF), caspase 3 (Casp3), and interleukin (IL)-8, in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy that had undergone surgical treatment. We included 44 participants that underwent arthroscopy, due to rotator cuff tendinopathy. Samples from the injured tendon were collected during arthroscopy, and RT-PCR was performed to determine gene expression. Pearson correlation analyses or U-Mann–Whitney test were performed to identify associations with the following parameters: sex, age at admission, body mass index, the presence of night pain, previous treatment (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or steroids), medical history of the shoulder injury, upper subluxation of the humeral head, and the number of tendons injured. RT-PCR showed that the selected pro-inflammatory factors involved in the TNF-α signalling pathway expression levels were expressed in the tendon tissues. However, the levels of expression varied from patient to patient. Variations were over 250-fold for TNF-α, about 130-fold for TNFR1, NSMAF, and Casp3, and 1000-fold for IL-8. We could not confirm that any of the clinical parameters investigated were associated with the level of gene expression in the TNF-α pathway and IL-8.

In-Vivo Study of Erythropoietic Pathway Genes Regulation and Differentiation by Prolonged Simultaneous Administration of Glucocorticoids with Epoietin in Animal Modules

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 4798-4798
Author(s):  
Aref Agheli ◽  
Boris Avezbakiyev ◽  
William Steier ◽  
Madhumati Kalavar ◽  
Chi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
P Value ◽  
Simultaneous Administration ◽  
Epoetin Alfa ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Gene Expressions

Abstract Abstract 4798 Objectives: The role of steroids in mammalian erythropoiesis has not well defined. We have previously reported our observation on three human cases in which there was a synergism and accelerated response to the Erythropoietic Stimulating Agents (ESA) with simultaneous low and physiologic dose administration of glucocorticoids. In the current study, we investigated the additive effects of different dose schedules of steroids on hematopoietic effects of ESA in animal modules. Methods: A total of 74, four-weeks old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to 6 groups; (A) control, (B) therapeutic doses of either erythropoietin, [Procrit Epoetin Alfa, 100 UI/kg], or (C) dexamethasome (300 mcg/kg), as well as combination of erythropoietin (Epoetin Alfa, 100 UI/kg) with (D) low, [25 mcg/kg], (E) physiologic, [300 mcg/kg], and (F) high, [2.5 mg/kg] doses of dexamethasone through abdominal hypodermal injection three times a week for a total of four weeks. At the conclusion of the study, peripheral blood sample, and Bone marrow mononuclear cells were collected through femur flushing. The samples were lysed and stored in RNA denaturation buffer at –80°C until use. Expressions of multiple hematopoietic major genes were assessed by real-time RT-PCR. Amplification data were processed using ΔΔCt method. Hemoglobin concentration and other CBC parameters were measured at the reference lab. Results: Mean hemoglobin concentrations were significantly higher in groups D (20.76 g/dl, 95% CI 20.08–21.45), E (20.45 g/dl, 95% CI, 19.97–20.94), and F (20.99 g/dl, 95% CI 20.55–21.42), compared to the controlled groups A, B, C (14.57, 15.68, 19.23 g/dl respectively) with two-tailed p-value of <.0001. (Figure-1) Real time RT-PCR based gene expression profiling of major hematopoietic regulators revealed robot increases of JAK2 gene expression in groups of animals treated with EPO only, or even higher increase with EPO plus either low or physiologic doses of dexamethasome. Similarly, GATA-1 levels are increased in groups treated with EPO only, or EPO with low or physiologic doses of dexamethasome. c-kit and NFkB1 expression levels are markedly higher in EPO plus dexamethasome groups. In contrast, the levels of EPOR are generally reduced in all groups receiving ESA. (Figure -2) Conclusion: The findings in this study is suggestive that simultaneous administration of ESAs with glucocorticoids is associated with significant additive elevation of the hemoglobin concentration; however, higher dose of dexamethasone is associated with more frequent adverse side effects such as significant weight loss. It is also suggested that the erythropoietic effect of steroid is concerted by up-regulation of the multiple erythropoietic gene expressions, such as JAK2, GATA-1, c-Kit, and NFkB1, while down regulations of EPOR is uniformly seen in the Epo-treated groups. This novel finding could be clinically utilized to accelerate the erythropoietic response of the ESA in selected cases. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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