Lifetime Prevalence Of Common Mental Disorders In Qatar: Using Who Composite International Diagnostic Interview (who-cidi)

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to estimate the 1-month and 1-year prevalence of mental disorders in the Australian adult population; to determine the amount of disablement associated with this; and to determine the use of health and other services by persons with common mental disorders. Method: For the Adult Survey, a household sample of 10 600 persons aged 18 years and over were interviewed across Australia by experienced field staff of the Australian Bureau of Statistics. This was 78%% of the target sample. The interview consisted of the composite international diagnostic interview in its automated presentation (CIDI-A) and other components to determine disablement, use of services and satisfaction with services received. The diagnostic classifications used in the analyses were both ICD-10 and DSM-IV. Only the results from ICD-10 are reported here. Results: A total of 17.7%% of the sample had one or more common mental disorders, anxiety, depression, alcohol or substance abuse and neurasthenia. This morbidity was associated with considerable disablement in daily life: 3 days of impaired social role performance in the previous 4 weeks, compared with 1 day for the general population. Of all cases, 64.6%% had had no contact with health services in the previous year; 29.4%% had seen GPs and 7.5%% had seen psychiatrists. Conclusion: Australia now has its own national estimates of psychiatric morbidity. The morbidity is associated with considerable disablement, but most of it is untreated. General practitioners encounter by far the largest proportion of those reaching services.

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Impact of Substance-Induced and General Medical Condition Exclusion Criteria on the Prevalence of Common Mental Disorders as Defined by the CIDI

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1080/00048670802345508 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 42 (10) ◽

pp. 898-904 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Matthew Sunderland ◽

Tim Slade ◽

Tracy M. Anderson ◽

Lorna Peters

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Well Being ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

General Medical Condition ◽

Prevalence Estimates ◽

Dsm Iv

Objectives: It has been previously argued that the methodology used by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 2.1 to assess the substance-induced and general medical condition exclusion criteria are inadequate. As a result prevalence estimates generated from epidemiological studies using this interview may be underestimated. The purpose of the current study was to examine the substance-induced and general medical condition exclusion criteria in the Australian National Survey for Mental Health and Well-being and determine the impact that they have on prevalence estimates of the common mental disorders. Method: Data from the 1997 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-being were analysed. Frequencies were generated as an indication of how many respondents believed that their psychiatric symptoms were always due to a substance or general medical condition. New DSM-IV prevalence estimates were calculated ignoring the application of the substance-induced and general medical condition exclusion criteria and compared to standard DSM-IV prevalence estimates. Results: The effect of the substance-induced and general medical condition exclusion criteria on final prevalence rates were minimal, with approximately a 0.1% increase when the exclusions were ignored. This equates to a relative difference ranging from no difference for generalized anxiety disorder to an increase of 12% of the base prevalence estimate for agoraphobia. Conclusions: In surveys that use the Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 2.1 the substance-induced and general medical condition exclusion criteria have a minor impact on determining final case definition in the majority of mental disorders.

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Mental Disorders Among Maori Attending Their General Practitioner

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01588.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 401-406 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

◽

John Bushnell ◽

Keyword(s):

General Practice ◽

General Practitioner ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Mental Disorder ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Early Recognition ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Material Deprivation ◽

Specific Factors

Objective: This paper identifies rates of common mental disorders among Maori and non-Maori consulting a general practitioner (GP), and explores the association between ethnicity and social and material deprivation. Method: Survey of GPs and their patients. Participants were randomly selected GPs (n = 70), and their patients (n = 3414, of whom a subset of 786 form the basis of this paper). The main comparison is between self-identified ethnicity, mental disorder assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, and social and material deprivation measured by NZDep2001 (an area based measure), and an individualized index of deprivation. Results: Rates of mental disorder among Maori general practice attenders were higher than among non-Maori. Overall, Maori women attenders were twice as likely as non-Maori women attenders to have a diagnosable mental disorder. The rates of anxiety, depressive and substance use disorders were all higher for Maori than for others attending GPs. Treatment for psychological problems was offered by the GP at similar rates to both Maori and non-Maori. Although there were differences between Maori and non-Maori in terms of social and material deprivation, higher rates of mental disorder among Maori attending GPs compared to non-Maori cannot be accounted for by these differences alone. Conclusions: These findings support the view that whilst social and material deprivation may play a role in the high rates of mental disorders among Maori general practice attenders, there are additional ethnicity-specific factors involved. Interventions to address Maori mental health (whether by reducing risk factors for mental disorder, by promoting disclosure, early recognition and intervention, or by ensuring access to acceptable and effective treatments) may need to explicitly take those factors into account.

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International and indigenous diagnoses of mental disorder among Vietnamese living in Vietnam and Australia

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.108.050906 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 194 (4) ◽

pp. 326-333 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Zachary Steel ◽

Derrick Silove ◽

Nguyen Mong Giao ◽

Thuy Thi Bich Phan ◽

Tien Chey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Functional Impairment ◽

Service Use ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Mekong Delta ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Diagnostic Measures

BackgroundWhether the prevalence rates of common mental disorders can be compared across countries depends on the cultural validity of the diagnostic measures used.AimsTo investigate the prevalence of Western and indigenously defined mental disorders among Vietnamese living in Vietnam and in Australia, comparing the data with an Australian-born sample.MethodComparative analysis of three multistage population surveys, including samples drawn from a community living in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam (n=3039), Vietnamese immigrants residing in New South Wales, Australia (n=1161), and an Australian-born population (n=7961). Western-defined mental disorders were assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) 2.0 and included DSM–IV anxiety, mood and substance use disorders as well as the ICD–10 category of neurasthenia. The Vietnamese surveys also applied the indigenously based Phan Vietnamese Psychiatric Scale (PVPS). Functional impairment and service use were assessed.ResultsThe prevalence of CIDI mental disorders for Mekong Delta Vietnamese was 1.8% compared with 6.1% for Australian Vietnamese and 16.7% for Australians. Inclusion of PVPS mental disorders increased the prevalence rates to 8.8% for Mekong Delta Vietnamese and 11.7% for Australian Vietnamese. Concordance was moderate to good between the CIDI and the PVPS for Australian Vietnamese (area under the curve (AUC)=0.77) but low for Mekong Vietnamese (AUC=0.59). PVPS- and CIDI-defined mental disorders were associated with similar levels of functional impairment.ConclusionsCultural factors in the expression of mental distress may influence the prevalence rates of mental disorders reported across countries. The findings have implications for assessing mental health needs at an international level.

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Lifetime prevalence of mental health disorders and delay in treatment following initial onset: evidence from the Northern Ireland Study of Health and Stress

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291711002510 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 42 (8) ◽

pp. 1727-1739 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

B. P. Bunting ◽

S. D. Murphy ◽

S. M. O'Neill ◽

F. R. Ferry

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Northern Ireland ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Household Survey ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Civil Conflict ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Lifetime Prevalence ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Delay In Treatment

BackgroundThe current study provides the first epidemiological estimates of lifetime mental disorders across NI based on DSM-IV criteria. Risk factors, delays in treatment and the experience of conflict are also examined.MethodNationally representative face-to-face household survey of 4340 individuals aged ⩾18 years in NI using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Analyses were implemented using SAS and STATA software.ResultsLifetime prevalence of any disorder was 39.1% while projected lifetime risk was 48.6%. Individuals who experienced conflict were more likely to have had an anxiety, mood or impulse-control disorder. Treatment delays were substantial for anxiety and substance disorders.ConclusionsResults from this study show that mental disorders are highly prevalent in Northern Ireland. The elevated rates of post-traumatic stress disorder in relation to other countries and the association of living ‘in a region of terror’ disorders suggests that civil conflict has had an additional impact on mental health. Given substantial delays in treatment, further research is required to investigate the factors associated with failure and delay in treatment seeking.

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A Dimensional Model for Common Mental Disorders

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/s0007125000298401 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 168 (S30) ◽

pp. 44-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

David Goldberg

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Dimensional Space ◽

Somatic Symptoms ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Dimensional Model ◽

Homogeneous Groups ◽

Third Dimension

Although categorical diagnoses are valued by clinicians and those wishing to collect homogeneous groups of patients for research projects, in the field of non-psychotic mental disorders they correspond poorly to actual clinical syndromes. Indeed, patients often satisfy several sets of categorical criteria simultaneously. A more parsimonious representation of symptomatology can be obtained by using a dimensional model for symptoms – with two correlated axes corresponding to anxiety and depression for ratings derived from the Present State Examination. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview is likely to produce a third dimension – somatic symptoms – because of a radically different symptom content. Preliminary data analysis indicates that the somatic symptoms dimension correlates with both anxiety and depression. Symptomatic individuals in particular areas of dimensional space will satisfy several criteria for categorical diagnoses, and thus display comorbidity. However, evidence that these disorders are distinct is far from persuasive, as they appear to share several common causes.

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Detecting common mental disorders in primary care in India: a comparison of five screening questionnaires

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291707002334 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 221-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 190

Author(s):

V. Patel ◽

R. Araya ◽

N. Chowdhary ◽

M. King ◽

B. Kirkwood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

General Health Questionnaire ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Systematic Sampling ◽

Health Questionnaire ◽

Primary Care Settings ◽

Self Reporting Questionnaire ◽

Distress Scale

BackgroundScreening of patients for common mental disorders (CMDs) is needed in primary-care management programmes. This study aimed to compare the screening properties of five widely used questionnaires.MethodAdult attenders in five primary-care settings in India were recruited through systematic sampling. Four questionnaires were administered, in pairs, in random order to participants: the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ, 12 items); the Primary Health Questionnaire (PHQ, nine items); the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10, 10 items), and from which we could extract the score of the shorter 6-item K6; and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ, 20 items). All participants were interviewed with a structured lay diagnostic interview, the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R).ResultsComplete data were available for 598 participants (participation rate 99.3%). All five questionnaires showed moderate to high discriminating ability; the GHQ and SRQ showed the best results. All five showed moderate to high degrees of correlation with one another, the poorest being between the two shortest questionnaires, K6 and PHQ. All five had relatively good internal consistency. However, the positive predictive value (PPV) of the questionnaires compared with the diagnostic interview ranged from 51% to 77% at the optimal cut-off scores.ConclusionsThere is little difference in the ability of these questionnaires to identify cases accurately, but none showed high PPVs without a considerable compromise on sensitivity. Hence, the choice of an optimum cut-off score that yields the best balance between sensitivity and PPV may need to be tailored to individual settings, with a higher cut-off being recommended in resource-limited primary-care settings.

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Psychiatric comorbidity and intellectual disability

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz185.380 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

K Keyes

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Disability ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Capital Punishment ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽

Sample Selection ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Axis I

Abstract Most research on the prevalence, distribution, and psychiatric comorbidity of intellectual disability (ID) relies on clinical samples, limiting the generalizability and utility of ID assessment in a legal context. This study assessed ID prevalence in a population-representative sample of U.S. adolescents, and examined associations of ID with socio-demographic factors and mental disorders. Data were drawn from the National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement (N = 6256). ID was defined as: 1) IQ ≤ 76, measured using the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test; and 2) an adaptive behavior score ≤76, measured using a validated scale. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview assessed fifteen lifetime mental disorders. The Sheehan disability scale assessed disorder severity. We used logistic regression models to estimate differences in lifetime disorders for adolescents with and without ID. ID prevalence was 3.2%, and was more common among those with specific phobia (OR = 1.66, 95% C.I. 1.02, 2.68), bipolar disorder (OR = 7.24, 95% C.I. 2.10-24.99), after adjusted for demographic and clinical covariates. Among those with Axis I psychiatric disorder, adolescents with ID and mental disorders were significantly more likely to exhibit severe impairment than those without ID, across a broad range of disorders. These findings highlight how sample selection and overlap between ID and psychopathology symptoms might bias understanding of the mental health consequences of ID. For example, associations between ID and behavior disorders widely reported in clinical samples were not observed in a population-representative sample after adjustment for socio-demographic confounders. Valid assessment and understanding of these constructs may prove influential in the legal system by influencing treatment referrals and capital punishment decisions.

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