scholarly journals Impact of Substance-Induced and General Medical Condition Exclusion Criteria on the Prevalence of Common Mental Disorders as Defined by the CIDI

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 898-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Sunderland ◽  
Tim Slade ◽  
Tracy M. Anderson ◽  
Lorna Peters
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
General Medical Condition ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Dsm Iv

Objectives: It has been previously argued that the methodology used by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 2.1 to assess the substance-induced and general medical condition exclusion criteria are inadequate. As a result prevalence estimates generated from epidemiological studies using this interview may be underestimated. The purpose of the current study was to examine the substance-induced and general medical condition exclusion criteria in the Australian National Survey for Mental Health and Well-being and determine the impact that they have on prevalence estimates of the common mental disorders. Method: Data from the 1997 Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-being were analysed. Frequencies were generated as an indication of how many respondents believed that their psychiatric symptoms were always due to a substance or general medical condition. New DSM-IV prevalence estimates were calculated ignoring the application of the substance-induced and general medical condition exclusion criteria and compared to standard DSM-IV prevalence estimates. Results: The effect of the substance-induced and general medical condition exclusion criteria on final prevalence rates were minimal, with approximately a 0.1% increase when the exclusions were ignored. This equates to a relative difference ranging from no difference for generalized anxiety disorder to an increase of 12% of the base prevalence estimate for agoraphobia. Conclusions: In surveys that use the Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 2.1 the substance-induced and general medical condition exclusion criteria have a minor impact on determining final case definition in the majority of mental disorders.

The structure of common DSM-IV and ICD-10 mental disorders in the Australian general population

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1593-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIM SLADE ◽  
DAVID WATSON
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv

Background. Patterns of co-occurrence among the common mental disorders may provide information about underlying dimensions of psychopathology. The aim of the current study was to determine which of four models best fits the pattern of co-occurrence between 10 common DSM-IV and 11 common ICD-10 mental disorders.Method. Data were from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being (NSMHWB), a large-scale community epidemiological survey of mental disorders. Participants consisted of a random population-based sample of 10641 community volunteers, representing a response rate of 78%. DSM-IV and ICD-10 mental disorder diagnoses were obtained using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), version 2.0. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess the relative fit of competing models.Results. A hierarchical three-factor variation of a two-factor model demonstrated the best fit to the correlations among the mental disorders. This model included a distress factor with high loadings on major depression, dysthymia, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and neurasthenia (ICD-10 only); a fear factor with high loadings on social phobia, panic disorder, agoraphobia and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD); and an externalizing factor with high loadings on alcohol and drug dependence. The distress and fear factors were best conceptualized as subfactors of a higher order internalizing factor.Conclusions. A greater focus on underlying dimensions of distress, fear and externalization is warranted.

Australia's Mental Health: An Overview of the General Population Survey

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Henderson ◽  
Gavin Andrews ◽  
Wayne Hall
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Australian Bureau Of Statistics

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to estimate the 1-month and 1-year prevalence of mental disorders in the Australian adult population; to determine the amount of disablement associated with this; and to determine the use of health and other services by persons with common mental disorders. Method: For the Adult Survey, a household sample of 10 600 persons aged 18 years and over were interviewed across Australia by experienced field staff of the Australian Bureau of Statistics. This was 78%% of the target sample. The interview consisted of the composite international diagnostic interview in its automated presentation (CIDI-A) and other components to determine disablement, use of services and satisfaction with services received. The diagnostic classifications used in the analyses were both ICD-10 and DSM-IV. Only the results from ICD-10 are reported here. Results: A total of 17.7%% of the sample had one or more common mental disorders, anxiety, depression, alcohol or substance abuse and neurasthenia. This morbidity was associated with considerable disablement in daily life: 3 days of impaired social role performance in the previous 4 weeks, compared with 1 day for the general population. Of all cases, 64.6%% had had no contact with health services in the previous year; 29.4%% had seen GPs and 7.5%% had seen psychiatrists. Conclusion: Australia now has its own national estimates of psychiatric morbidity. The morbidity is associated with considerable disablement, but most of it is untreated. General practitioners encounter by far the largest proportion of those reaching services.

scholarly journals Lifetime and 12-month prevalence, severity and unmet need for treatment of common mental disorders in Japan: results from the final dataset of World Mental Health Japan Survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ishikawa ◽  
N. Kawakami ◽  
R. C. Kessler ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
World Mental Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Dsm Iv

Background.The aim of this study is to estimate the lifetime and 12-month prevalence, severity and treatment of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth edition (DSM-IV) mental disorders in Japan based on the final data set of the World Mental Health Japan Survey conducted in 2002–2006.Methods.Face-to-face household interviews of 4130 respondents who were randomly selected from Japanese-speaking residents aged 20 years or older were conducted from 2002 to 2006 in 11 community populations in Japan (overall response rate, 56%). The World Mental Health version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI), a fully structured, lay administered psychiatric diagnostic interview, was used for diagnostic assessment.Results.Lifetime/12-month prevalence of any DSM-IV common mental disorders in Japan was estimated to be 20.3/7.6%. Rank-order of four classes of mental disorders was anxiety disorders (8.1/4.9%), substance disorders (7.4/1.0%), mood disorders (6.5/2.3%) and impulse control disorders (2.0/0.7%). The most common individual disorders were alcohol abuse/dependence (7.3/0.9%), major depressive disorder (6.1/2.2%), specific phobia (3.4/2.3%) and generalized anxiety disorder (2.6/1.3%). While the lifetime prevalence of any mental disorder was greater for males and the middle-aged, the persistence (proportion of 12-month cases among lifetime cases) of any mental disorder was greater for females and younger respondents. Among those with any 12-month disorder, 15.3% were classified as severe, 44.1% moderate and 40.6% mild. Although a strong association between severity and service use was found, only 21.9% of respondents with any 12-month disorder sought treatment within the last 12 months; only 37.0% of severe cases received medical care. The mental health specialty sector was the most common resource used in Japan. Although the prevalence of mental disorders were quite low, mental disorders were the second most prevalent cause of severe role impairment among chronic physical and mental disorders.Conclusions.These results suggest lower prevalence of mental disorders in Japan than that in Western countries, although the general pattern of disorders, risk factors and unmet need for treatment were similar to those in other countries. Greater lifetime prevalence for males and greater persistence for females seems a unique feature of Japan, suggesting a cultural difference in gender-related etiology and course of disorders. The treatment rate in Japan was lower than that in most other high-income countries in WMH surveys.

Non-disabled cases in a national survey

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 769-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. HENDERSON ◽  
A. KORTEN ◽  
J. MEDWAY
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Reported Data

Background. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence estimates of mental disorders consistently reported in large-scale community surveys have met with deserved scepticism. A crucial variable is the extent to which people who are considered cases are also disabled by their symptoms. In a national population survey, we hypothesized that an administratively significant proportion of persons with anxiety or depressive disorders according to ICD-10 and DSM-IV would report no disability.Methods. Interviews were sought on a nationally representative sample of people aged 18 and over across Australia. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview on laptop (CIDI-A) was used by professional survey interviewers to identify persons meeting ICD-10 or DSM-IV criteria for anxiety or depressive disorders in the previous 4 weeks, together with self-reported data on associated disability and medical consultations for the same period.Results. In an achieved sample of 10641 persons (response rate = 78%), no disability in daily life was reported by 28% of persons with an anxiety disorder and 15% with a depressive disorder by ICD-10 criteria; and by 20·4% and 13·9% respectively by DSM-IV. Non-disabled respondents had lower scores on two measures of psychological distress and markedly lower rates for having consulted a doctor for their symptoms.Conclusion. The ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria for anxiety and depressive disorders, when applied to the information on symptoms elicited by the CIDI-A, inadequately discriminate between people who are and are not disabled by their symptoms. There may be a group of highly symptomatic people in the general population who tolerate their symptoms and are not disabled by them.

scholarly journals Composite International Diagnostic Interview screening scales for DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1625-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Kessler ◽  
J. R. Calabrese ◽  
P. A. Farley ◽  
M. J. Gruber ◽  
M. A. Jewell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Clinical Epidemiology ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
The World ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundLack of coordination between screening studies for common mental disorders in primary care and community epidemiological samples impedes progress in clinical epidemiology. Short screening scales based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), the diagnostic interview used in community epidemiological surveys throughout the world, were developed to address this problem.MethodExpert reviews and cognitive interviews generated CIDI screening scale (CIDI-SC) item pools for 30-day DSM-IV-TR major depressive episode (MDE), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder (PD) and bipolar disorder (BPD). These items were administered to 3058 unselected patients in 29 US primary care offices. Blinded SCID clinical reinterviews were administered to 206 of these patients, oversampling screened positives.ResultsStepwise regression selected optimal screening items to predict clinical diagnoses. Excellent concordance [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)] was found between continuous CIDI-SC and DSM-IV/SCID diagnoses of 30-day MDE (0.93), GAD (0.88), PD (0.90) and BPD (0.97), with only 9–38 questions needed to administer all scales. CIDI-SC versus SCID prevalence differences are insignificant at the optimal CIDI-SC diagnostic thresholds (χ21 = 0.0–2.9, p = 0.09–0.94). Individual-level diagnostic concordance at these thresholds is substantial (AUC 0.81–0.86, sensitivity 68.0–80.2%, specificity 90.1–98.8%). Likelihood ratio positive (LR+) exceeds 10 and LR− is 0.1 or less at informative thresholds for all diagnoses.ConclusionsCIDI-SC operating characteristics are equivalent (MDE, GAD) or superior (PD, BPD) to those of the best alternative screening scales. CIDI-SC results can be compared directly to general population CIDI survey results or used to target and streamline second-stage CIDIs.

Mental Disorders Among Maori Attending Their General Practitioner

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
John Bushnell ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Material Deprivation ◽  
Specific Factors

Objective: This paper identifies rates of common mental disorders among Maori and non-Maori consulting a general practitioner (GP), and explores the association between ethnicity and social and material deprivation. Method: Survey of GPs and their patients. Participants were randomly selected GPs (n = 70), and their patients (n = 3414, of whom a subset of 786 form the basis of this paper). The main comparison is between self-identified ethnicity, mental disorder assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, and social and material deprivation measured by NZDep2001 (an area based measure), and an individualized index of deprivation. Results: Rates of mental disorder among Maori general practice attenders were higher than among non-Maori. Overall, Maori women attenders were twice as likely as non-Maori women attenders to have a diagnosable mental disorder. The rates of anxiety, depressive and substance use disorders were all higher for Maori than for others attending GPs. Treatment for psychological problems was offered by the GP at similar rates to both Maori and non-Maori. Although there were differences between Maori and non-Maori in terms of social and material deprivation, higher rates of mental disorder among Maori attending GPs compared to non-Maori cannot be accounted for by these differences alone. Conclusions: These findings support the view that whilst social and material deprivation may play a role in the high rates of mental disorders among Maori general practice attenders, there are additional ethnicity-specific factors involved. Interventions to address Maori mental health (whether by reducing risk factors for mental disorder, by promoting disclosure, early recognition and intervention, or by ensuring access to acceptable and effective treatments) may need to explicitly take those factors into account.

scholarly journals International and indigenous diagnoses of mental disorder among Vietnamese living in Vietnam and Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 194 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Steel ◽  
Derrick Silove ◽  
Nguyen Mong Giao ◽  
Thuy Thi Bich Phan ◽  
Tien Chey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Diagnostic Measures

BackgroundWhether the prevalence rates of common mental disorders can be compared across countries depends on the cultural validity of the diagnostic measures used.AimsTo investigate the prevalence of Western and indigenously defined mental disorders among Vietnamese living in Vietnam and in Australia, comparing the data with an Australian-born sample.MethodComparative analysis of three multistage population surveys, including samples drawn from a community living in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam (n=3039), Vietnamese immigrants residing in New South Wales, Australia (n=1161), and an Australian-born population (n=7961). Western-defined mental disorders were assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) 2.0 and included DSM–IV anxiety, mood and substance use disorders as well as the ICD–10 category of neurasthenia. The Vietnamese surveys also applied the indigenously based Phan Vietnamese Psychiatric Scale (PVPS). Functional impairment and service use were assessed.ResultsThe prevalence of CIDI mental disorders for Mekong Delta Vietnamese was 1.8% compared with 6.1% for Australian Vietnamese and 16.7% for Australians. Inclusion of PVPS mental disorders increased the prevalence rates to 8.8% for Mekong Delta Vietnamese and 11.7% for Australian Vietnamese. Concordance was moderate to good between the CIDI and the PVPS for Australian Vietnamese (area under the curve (AUC)=0.77) but low for Mekong Vietnamese (AUC=0.59). PVPS- and CIDI-defined mental disorders were associated with similar levels of functional impairment.ConclusionsCultural factors in the expression of mental distress may influence the prevalence rates of mental disorders reported across countries. The findings have implications for assessing mental health needs at an international level.

A Dimensional Model for Common Mental Disorders

1996 ◽  
Vol 168 (S30) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Third Dimension

Although categorical diagnoses are valued by clinicians and those wishing to collect homogeneous groups of patients for research projects, in the field of non-psychotic mental disorders they correspond poorly to actual clinical syndromes. Indeed, patients often satisfy several sets of categorical criteria simultaneously. A more parsimonious representation of symptomatology can be obtained by using a dimensional model for symptoms – with two correlated axes corresponding to anxiety and depression for ratings derived from the Present State Examination. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview is likely to produce a third dimension – somatic symptoms – because of a radically different symptom content. Preliminary data analysis indicates that the somatic symptoms dimension correlates with both anxiety and depression. Symptomatic individuals in particular areas of dimensional space will satisfy several criteria for categorical diagnoses, and thus display comorbidity. However, evidence that these disorders are distinct is far from persuasive, as they appear to share several common causes.

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