scholarly journals Analysis of Defect Repair Cost by Work Type based on Defect Inspection of Apartments

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-500
Author(s):  
Jin-Eung Lee ◽  
Byung-Yun Kim ◽  
Byung-Joo Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Repair Cost ◽  
Defect Inspection ◽  
Defect Repair ◽  
Work Type

scholarly journals Defect Repairing Cost and Its Bond on Apartment Building in Relation to Lawsuit Parties

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4882-4887
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Type B ◽  
Repair Cost ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Large Defect ◽  
Cost Rate ◽  
Defect Repair ◽  
Calculation System

An appropriateness of defect repairing cost for apartment is being challenged in Korea. The problem is that there is no detailed prescriptions or specifications about the defect repairing cost other than calculating standard of the defect repairing bond in the applicable laws. There is also not even a proper base in establishing the standard itself. In order to specify the standard of defect repairing bond and to make it serve as a realistic system, it is necessary to discuss how much is the actual scale of the defect repairing cost and how it is reasonable to establish the calculation system of defect repairing bondin the apartment buildings. The researchers have proposed a ratio of about 1.5% to the current standard of 3% of the construction cost as per the analysis of actual data in the previous study. However, it is necessary to supplement this scale considering the facts that the scale of lawsuit for defect is huge and the recent trend of litigation for the defect repairing has changed. Therefore, this study approaches the relationship between defect repairing cost and bond at a new point of view by analyzing the existing cases again. The builder for apartment construction makes agreement with the developer, therefore the builder has responsibility of defect repairing. It also becomes an auxiliary party in the lawsuit for defect in the resulting construction. In this study, we have categorized all the parties involved in the construction and defect repairing cost. Type A is the case where the litigant has a construction capacity rank of 1-10, Type B of rank 11-30, type C refers to the construction capacity rank other than type A and Type B, and for the case where the lawsuit party is not a builder but a guarantee company, it is categorized as type D.And then, the differences in the defect repairing cost rates in each category were reviewed. This review was conducted because the builders at upper group are generally excellent in terms of technology and quality, but it is not known in detail that how much they are good in counteracting the defect. The result of the case analysis by type showed that the rate of the defect repairing cost by the builder of upper rank was relatively low. In addition, the minimum repairing cost ratio was relatively small between the types, but the maximum repair cost showed great differences between the types. On the other hand, only two cases showed excess of 3% of the defect repairing bond rate among the total of 49 cases. This big difference might have caused large defect cost bond rate in the type A and Type B. The results of this study suggest the following points. First, 47 cases out of 49 cases showed the defect repair bond rates below 3%, which speaks that the current standard is not being practiced. Second, considering the fact that average defect repair bond rate is lowest and the maximum and minimum deviation of defect repair cost rate is also the lowest in the type B, the type B offers the lowest defect repair cost bond among other types of lawsuit cases.

scholarly journals Defect Index of Timberwork in House, Korea

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 896
Author(s):  
Junmo Park ◽  
Deokseok Seo
Keyword(s):  
Building Material ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Repair Cost ◽  
Wooden Floor ◽  
Defect Index ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Work Location ◽  
Management Standard ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
Defect Repair

Wood is a material that is familiar to humans and environment-friendly, and it is used widely as a building material. However, as the dispute over housing defects have increased in Korea, various defects have occurred in timberwork and have become disputes. Notwithstanding, efforts to analyze defects in timberwork systematically to reasonably solve the problem are lacking. In this study, defects in timberwork from housing complexes in Korea were standardized, and critical defects were selected to suggest a method as a management standard. The standard for defects includes time, types of facility work, location and subject, and defect phenomenon. The defect time is categorized into before handover and after handover, whereas facility work is divided into woodwork, door and window work, finishing work, and miscellaneous work. Location and subject are categorized into 13 areas, such as ceiling, floor, and door, and phenomena concerned are of 14 types, including faults and no installation. Therefore, the standardized defect items according to such criteria are classified into a total of 63 types. Ten defect items, whose numbers of defect occurrences per defect and defect repair cost ratio above the average, were selected, including discoloration and breakage of the wooden floor. The repair cost ratio of these defect items accounted for 85.62% of the total repair costs. On the contrary, the repair cost for the defects from the timber work outlined in the Construction Appraisal Practice, a representative defect standard in Korea, was 54.54% of the total. Meanwhile, according to the Defect Judgment Standard, the defect repair cost attributed 45.54% of the total. Therefore, since the 10 defect items proposed in this study can explain the defects in the timberwork compared with other standards, it would be reasonable to designate these 10 defect items as essential defects.

Biological and biomedical applications of collagenous biomaterials

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 856-857
Author(s):  
Yasushi P. Kato ◽  
Michael G. Dunn ◽  
Frederick H. Silver ◽  
Arthur J. Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Cover Slip ◽  
Fibroblast Migration ◽  
Cellular Expression ◽  
Defect Repair

Collagenous biomaterials have been used for growing cells in vitro as well as for augmentation and replacement of hard and soft tissues. The substratum used for culturing cells is implicated in the modulation of phenotypic cellular expression, cellular orientation and adhesion. Collagen may have a strong influence on these cellular parameters when used as a substrate in vitro. Clinically, collagen has many applications to wound healing including, skin and bone substitution, tendon, ligament, and nerve replacement. In this report we demonstrate two uses of collagen. First as a fiber to support fibroblast growth in vitro, and second as a demineralized bone/collagen sponge for radial bone defect repair in vivo.For the in vitro study, collagen fibers were prepared as described previously. Primary rat tendon fibroblasts (1° RTF) were isolated and cultured for 5 days on 1 X 15 mm sterile cover slips. Six to seven collagen fibers, were glued parallel to each other onto a circular cover slip (D=18mm) and the 1 X 15mm cover slip populated with 1° RTF was placed at the center perpendicular to the collagen fibers. Fibroblast migration from the 1 x 15mm cover slip onto and along the collagen fibers was measured daily using a phase contrast microscope (Olympus CK-2) with a calibrated eyepiece. Migratory rates for fibroblasts were determined from 36 fibers over 4 days.

Defect Repair in the Rat Mandible With Bone Morphogenic Proteins and Marrow Cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oneida A. Arosarena ◽  
Arthur Falk ◽  
Leslie Malmgren ◽  
Linda Bookman ◽  
Matthew J. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Morphogenic Proteins ◽  
Defect Repair ◽  
Rat Mandible ◽  
Marrow Cells

Chylopericardium following Atrial Septal Defect Repair: Case Report

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Bharati Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Atrial Septal Defect ◽  
Cardiac Tamponade ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Septal Defect ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Defect Repair ◽  
Cardiac Operations

Chylopericardium after intrapericardial cardiac operations is extremely rare. We present an unusual case of postoperative chylopericardium with cardiac tamponade following atrial septal defect repair, and we comment on the clinical course and treatment.

Methodology to Correlate Defect Reduction Systems to Electrical Test Data via Artificially Manufactured Defects

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Santana ◽  
Alfredo V. Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Test Data ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Defect Inspection ◽  
Defect Reduction ◽  
Electrical Test ◽  
Important System

Abstract This paper describes a methodology for correlating physical defect inspection/navigation systems with electrical bitmap data through the fabrication of artificial defects via reticle alterations or circuit modifications using an inline FIB. The methodology chosen consisted of altering decommissioned reticles to create defects resulting in both open and shorted circuits within areas of an AMD microprocessor cache. The reticles were subsequently scanned using a KLA SL300HR StarLight inspection system to confirm their location, while wafers processed on these reticles were scanned at several layers using standard inline metrology. Finally, the wafers were electrically tested, bitmapped, and physically deprocessed. All defect data was then analyzed and cross-correlated between each system, uncovering some important system deficiencies and learning opportunities. Data and images are included to support the significance and effectiveness of such a methodology.

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