Distribution and Location Stability of the Australian Ophthalmology Workforce: 2014–2019

Objective: To investigate the ophthalmology workforce distribution and location stability using Modified Monash Model category of remoteness. Methods: Whole of ophthalmologist workforce analysis using Australian Health Practitioner Registration Agency (AHPRA) data. Modified Monash Model (MMM) category was mapped to postcode of primary work location over a six-year period (2014 to 2019). MMM stability was investigated using survival analysis and competing risks regression. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Australia. Participants: Ophthalmologists registered with AHPRA. Main outcome measures: Retention within MMM category of primary work location. Results: A total of 948 ophthalmologists were identified (767 males, 181 females). Survival estimates indicate 84% of ophthalmologists remained working in MMM1, while 79% of ophthalmologists working in MMM2–MMM7remained in these regions during the six-year period. Conclusion: The Australian ophthalmology workforce shows a high level of location stability and is concentrated in metropolitan areas of Australia. Investment in policy initiatives designed to train, recruit and retain ophthalmologists in regional, rural and remote areas is needed to improve workforce distribution outside of metropolitan areas.

Correlation of Asthma with Ammonia Exposure and Other Risk Factors among Informal Workers of Poultry Farmers

Objective: To determine the prevalence of asthma and its corelation with ammonia exposure among informal workers of poultry farmers.Method: This study design was a cross-sectional analytic to 69 respondents using questionnaires, field observation, physical examination, spirometry measurement, and peak flowmeter test to diagnose work-related asthma and measurement of ammonia level in air environment of farm. All variable were bivariate tested by using Chi-square test or Fischer test. The variables which have p value <0,25 were included into multivariate analysis by using binary logistic regression.Results: The prevalence of asthma in poultry farmers was 21,74%. In bivariate analysis, there was a significant corelation between working periode (p = 0,035 with OR = 7,00) and smoking habit (p = 0,018 with OR = 5,603) with asthma. There was no significant corelation between age, sex, nutritional status, work location, education level and marital status with asthma. The result of measurement of ammonia level in the poultry farm enclosure on average is 2,329 ppm. Multivariate analysis was performed on several risk factors that fulfilled the requirement p <0,25 ie working periode, smoking habit, nutritional status, and work location. From the results of mutivariate found that workers with a history of smoking habits have the strongest corelation p = 0,013 with OR 17,305.Conclusion: The prevalence of asthma in poultry farmers was 21,74%. There was no significant corelation between ammonia exposure in the work environment with asthma. But there was a significant corelation between working periode and smoking habit with asthma.

The Factors of Deterioration of Natural Pastures From The View Point of Agricultural Employees in Al-Muthanna Governorate

The research aimed to determine the impact studied factors represented by (people’s activities, government activities, natural factors) on the deterioration of natural pastures in the Governorate of Al-Muthanna the point of view of agricultural employees in the governorate. The research included all agricultural employees with a preparatory scientific qualification in agriculture and above in the governorate their number is (94) employees. A questionnaire was prepared to collect the data necessary to achieve the objectives of the research. It consisted of two parts. The first part included the factors related to the employees, which are (term of service, academic achievement, participation in extension activities, job position and work location). The second part included a measure to identify the agricultural employees’ the point of view of on the factors affecting the deterioration of natural pastures. It consists of (46) section spread over (3) field covered by the research. The results showed that government activities have the most impact on the deterioration of natural pastures, it was found a statistically significant difference in the respondents’ point of view about the influence of the studied factors according to their personal characteristics. The researchers concluded the necessity of agricultural expansion in pasture lands and industrial investments, as well as the importance of personal factors in assigning employees who can work in the development of natural pastures, and the researchers recommend activating government laws for the protection of natural pastures to prevent abuses (people’s activities, government activities) that contributed greatly to the deterioration of vegetation cover in the research area and taking into account the factors studied in the selection of workers in the development of natural pastures in the research area.

Interaksi Sosial Orangtua Pekerja Industri Dalam Fenomena Daycare Di Tambun Selatan

Apart from being a place to leave children when both parents work, daycare is also seen as a place for child protection and fulfillment that is suitable for parents of industrial workers, especially the existence of daycare not far from the work location so as to minimize the time to pick up and drop children from work to and from work. The social interaction that occurs between the parents of industrial workers and the community in South Tambun regarding the daycare phenomenon lies in the daily life of industrial workers who have erratic working hours and have to leave their children in daycare which is seen as a daycare for city people who can afford it. This study uses a descriptive qualitative strategy or method with an in-depth interpretation of field findings based on existing facts. This research tradition is a phenomenological tradition that focuses attention on the conscious experience of an individual and uses an interpretive paradigm that seeks to find explanations about social or cultural events based on the perspectives and experiences of the person or organization under study. Using a symbolic interactionism analysis knife, the research describes three concepts, namely Mind, Self and Society from parents of industrial estate workers who leave their children in daycare.

The Podiatrists in Australia: Investigating Graduate Employment (PAIGE) Study v1

The Podiatrists in Australia: Investigating Graduate Employment (PAIGE) study provides a systematic and rigorous evidence-base for rural podiatric workforce policy development, by developing a database modelled on the highly successful Medicine in Australia, Balancing Employment and Life (MABEL) longitudinal panel survey of Australian doctors. Analysis of data from waves 1 and 2 of this database, and concurrently collected qualitative data, address two key research questions about work location choice decisions and retention of podiatrists in location and the profession.

Real-world impact of vaccination on COVID-19 incidence in health care personnel at an academic medical center

Objective: COVID-19 vaccination effectiveness in healthcare personnel (HCP) has been established, however, questions remain about its performance in high-risk healthcare occupations and work locations. We describe the effect of a COVID-19 HCP vaccination campaign on SARS-CoV-2 infection by timing of vaccination, job type, and work location. Methods: A retrospective review of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance, incidence of post-vaccination COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality among 16,156 faculty, students, and staff at a large academic medical center was conducted. Data were collected 8 weeks prior to the start of Phase 1a vaccination of frontline employees and ended 11 weeks after campaign completion. Results: COVID-19 employee incidence rate at our institution decreased from 3.2% during the 8 weeks prior to the start of vaccinations to 0.38% by four weeks after campaign initiation. SARS-CoV-2 infection risk was reduced among individuals receiving a single vaccination (HR = 0.52 [0.40, 0.68], p<0.0001) and further reduced with 2 doses of vaccine (HR = 0.17 [0.09, 0.32], p<0.0001). By two weeks after the second dose, the observed case positivity rate was 0.04%. Among Phase 1a HCP, we observed a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among physicians and a trend toward higher risk for respiratory therapists independent of vaccination status. Rates of infection were similar in a sub-group of nurses when examined by work location. Conclusions: Our findings show the real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in HCP. Despite these encouraging results, unvaccinated HCP remain at an elevated risk of infection highlighting the need for targeted outreach to combat vaccine hesitancy.

Defect Index of Timberwork in House, Korea

Wood is a material that is familiar to humans and environment-friendly, and it is used widely as a building material. However, as the dispute over housing defects have increased in Korea, various defects have occurred in timberwork and have become disputes. Notwithstanding, efforts to analyze defects in timberwork systematically to reasonably solve the problem are lacking. In this study, defects in timberwork from housing complexes in Korea were standardized, and critical defects were selected to suggest a method as a management standard. The standard for defects includes time, types of facility work, location and subject, and defect phenomenon. The defect time is categorized into before handover and after handover, whereas facility work is divided into woodwork, door and window work, finishing work, and miscellaneous work. Location and subject are categorized into 13 areas, such as ceiling, floor, and door, and phenomena concerned are of 14 types, including faults and no installation. Therefore, the standardized defect items according to such criteria are classified into a total of 63 types. Ten defect items, whose numbers of defect occurrences per defect and defect repair cost ratio above the average, were selected, including discoloration and breakage of the wooden floor. The repair cost ratio of these defect items accounted for 85.62% of the total repair costs. On the contrary, the repair cost for the defects from the timber work outlined in the Construction Appraisal Practice, a representative defect standard in Korea, was 54.54% of the total. Meanwhile, according to the Defect Judgment Standard, the defect repair cost attributed 45.54% of the total. Therefore, since the 10 defect items proposed in this study can explain the defects in the timberwork compared with other standards, it would be reasonable to designate these 10 defect items as essential defects.

Factors Influencing Adjustment to Remote Work: Employees’ Initial Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 crisis has disrupted when, where, and how employees work. Drawing on a sample of 5452 Finnish employees, this study explores the factors associated with employees’ abrupt adjustment to remote work. Specifically, this study examines structural factors (i.e., work independence and the clarity of job criteria), relational factors (i.e., interpersonal trust and social isolation), contextual factors of work (i.e., change in work location and perceived disruption), and communication dynamics (i.e., organizational communication quality and communication technology use (CTU)) as mechanisms underlying adjustment to remote work. The findings demonstrate that structural and contextual factors are important predictors of adjustment and that these relationships are moderated by communication quality and CTU. Contrary to previous research, trust in peers and supervisors does not support adjustment to remote work. We discuss the implications of these findings for practice during and beyond times of crisis.