scholarly journals DIGITAL DIPLOMACY APPROACHED AS A SUBTYPE OF PUBLIC DIPLOMACY

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
Andreia - Mariana POP
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Standard Practice ◽  
New Public ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Digital Diplomacy

As a subtype of new Public Diplomacy, Digital Diplomacy is considered one of the major trends of the twenty-first century in diplomatic communication and during the Covid-19 pandemic this aspect was reiterated. The importance of Digital Diplomacy is based on the usage of communication technologies, the internet and social media, which at the same time represent its base, for the strengthening of the diplomatic relations. Covid-19 has disrupted almost every aspect of life and diplomacy is no exception. Today, Digital Diplomacy has become a standard practice and we have to mention that it doesn`t replace the traditional diplomacy, but complements it. In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, for international actors was clear how important the exploitation of Digital Diplomacy benefits is.  

scholarly journals The Benefits and Risks of Digital Diplomacy

SEEU Review ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-89
Author(s):  
Viona Rashica
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Internet ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
New Public ◽  
The One ◽  
Digital Diplomacy ◽  
Internet And Social Media

Abstract As a product of globalization and as a fruit of new public diplomacy, digital diplomacy is considered one of the major trends of the twenty-first century in diplomatic communication. Being under the influence of the extraordinary advances in ICT, the internet and social media, the way of realization and presentation of diplomacy has been radically changed and is increasingly removed from the traditional diplomatic elements. The importance of digital diplomacy is based on the usage of ICT, the internet and social media, which at the same time represent its base, for the strengthening of the diplomatic relations. Therefore, knowledge about the role and importance of digital diplomacy is indispensable. This paper will offer information on the definition, goals, evolution and effectiveness of the digital diplomacy. Meanwhile, the main focus of the research lies in the classification of its benefits and risks. For international actors is more than clear how useful is exploitation of digital diplomacy benefits for achieving their goals in the international arena. However, the process of digitization is unseparated from cyber risks, as well as the freedom of the internet and social media is abused for various purposes that state and non-state actors may have. Although coupled with benefits on the one hand and risks on the other hand, the risks of digital diplomacy are still covered by benefits, making digital diplomacy a key element for the realization of diplomatic activities. Based on all the information over the features of the topic, the primary goal of the paper is to provide sufficient arguments for verifying the abovementioned hypothesis, which is also the general hypothesis of the paper.

Digital Diplomacy: Emotion and Identity in the Public Realm

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 102-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance Duncombe
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
State Identity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Digital Diplomacy

Summary Public diplomacy is increasingly facilitated through social media. Government leaders and diplomats are using social media platforms such as Twitter, Facebook and Instagram to communicate with foreign publics, changing the dynamics of interaction between broadcaster and audience. The key to understanding the power of social media in public diplomacy is the role of emotion in digital diplomacy strategies: social media statements relating to state identity can incite strong emotions that have the potential to undermine heretofore positive diplomatic relations, or provide communicative openings that move towards ameliorating crises. Examining the interaction of social media, emotion and identity provides insight into the increasing importance of digital diplomacy and the future challenges relating to digital disinformation that lie ahead.

Digital Diplomacy and US Foreign Policy

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 451-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alec Ross
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
First Century ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Digital Diplomacy

We live in an era of pervasive connectivity. At an astonishing pace, much of the world’s population is joining a common network. The proliferation of communications and information technology creates very significant changes for statecraft. But we have to keep in mind that the Internet is not a magic potion for political and social progress. Technology by itself is agnostic. It simply amplifies the existing sociologies on the ground, for good or ill. And it is much better at organizing protest movements than organizing institutions to support new governments in place of those that have been toppled. Diplomacy in the twenty-first century must grapple with both the potential and the limits of technology in foreign policy, and respond to the disruptions that it causes in international relations.

scholarly journals In hoeverre houden geëmigreerde Nederlanders en Vlamingen in de eenentwintigste eeuw vast aan de Nederlandse taal en cultuur?

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Nicoline van der Sijs
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Online News ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The Family ◽  
Dutch Language ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
News Services

Abstract Research among twentieth-century Dutch and Flemish emigrants has shown that they usually gave up their mother tongue quickly, within two or three generations, after emigration. In the twenty-first century the situation of emigrants has changed drastically: due to the internet and social media it is much easier to keep in touch with the homelands. Does this have consequences for the preservation of the Dutch language and culture among emigrants? How much do emigrants value the Dutch language, culture and identity? These questions have been investigated in the pilot research ‘Vertrokken Nederlands ‐ Emigrated Dutch’, conducted by the Dutch Language Union and the Meertens Institute and led by the author of this article. The research has been conducted using a new methodology, employing social media and citizen scientists. This article describes the results of this first worldwide study of Dutch language, culture and identity among Dutch and Flemish emigrants. The main conclusion of the research is that for the vast majority of emigrants in the twenty-first century, the Dutch language and culture still play an important role in daily life, and the Dutch language is still widely used in the country of residence, especially within the family, in social media and in online news services.

scholarly journals VIRAL MUSICKING: AESTHETICS AND ITERATIONS IN ONLINE CONTAGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Clare Harper
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Cats at keyboards. Dancing hamsters. A photo of a dress, and videos set to “Harlem Shake.”  The above are recognizable as “viral” phenomena—artifacts of the early twenty-first century whose production and dissemination were facilitated by the internet, proliferating social media platforms, and ubiquitous digital devices. In this paper, I argue that participation in such phenomena (producing, consuming, circulating, or “sharing” them) constitutes a significant site of twenty-first-century musical practice: viral musicking, to borrow and adapt Christopher Small’s foundational 1998 coinage. In this paper I analyze instances of viral musicking from the 2000s through the 2010s, tracking viral circulation as heterogeneous, capacious, and contradictory—a dynamic, relational assemblage of both “new” and “old” media and practices. The notion of virus as a metaphor for cultural spread is often credited to computer science and science fiction, with subsequent co-option into marketing and media; such formulations run adjacent to the popularization of "virus" in philosophical models for globalization and pervasive capitalism across the late twentieth century, from Derrida to Baudrillard and Deleuze. In this paper, I seek to braid these lineages with the work of scholars reading cultural contagion through lenses of alterity and difference, situating music as a particularly felicitous vector for viral contagion, exceeding and preceding Internet circulation. Ultimately, I argue that viral musicking activates utopian promises of digital advocates, through the cooperative social operation of “sharing,” even as it resonates through histories and presents of racialization, miscegenation, appropriation, and the realities of porous, breachable borders, cultures, and bodies.

Digital Diplomacy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Holmes
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Information Communication Technologies ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Digital Diplomacy

Digital diplomacy has no shortage of synonyms or terminology debates (digital diplomacy has been variously referred to, or described, as “e-Diplomacy,” “cyber Diplomacy,” “net diplomacy,” “#diplomacy,” “diplomacy 2.0,” “public diplomacy 2.0,” “networked diplomacy,” “real-time diplomacy,” “21st-century statecraft,” “diplomacy in the digital age,” “digitalization of diplomacy,” or “digidiplomacy”), yet each term shares a common perspective: the use of digital information communication technologies, such as the Internet, to achieve diplomatic objectives. While foreign ministries have used newly available technologies throughout their history for various purposes—including cable wire, radio transmissions, telephone, television, video conferencing, among others—the advent of the Internet ushered in an explosion both in the use of digital technologies in diplomacy and in scholarly interest in how those technologies may be changing the role of diplomacy in world politics (see Oxford Bibliographies article in International Relations “History of Diplomacy”). Digital diplomacy scholarship has developed through two fairly distinct phases, with different emphases and from two different, and distinct, vantage points. Early work in digital diplomacy attempted to answer broad theoretical questions about the activity itself: What is digital diplomacy? How is it different than traditional diplomacy (see Oxford Bibliographies article in International Relations “Face-to-Face Diplomacy”)? How does digital diplomacy affect traditional diplomacy, if at all? Subsequently, scholars have built upon these theoretical perspectives and asked specific methodological questions and interrogated critical issues of measuring causal effects: How can scholars empirically demonstrate the effect of digital diplomacy? What is the baseline upon which we can judge “successful” or “unsuccessful” digital diplomacy initiatives? What are the practical policy implications, and recommendations, that follow from these empirical perspectives? These two phases of development—theorization and measurement—have developed contemporaneously with two distinct substantive perspectives on the focus of digital diplomacy initiatives: projection and retrieval. Digital diplomacy projection refers to the ways in which states use information communication technologies to transmit information to statespersons, diplomats, or, as in the case of public diplomacy, foreign publics. Digital diplomacy retrieval refers to the ways in which states use these same technologies to gather information from these same actors, such as in the overlap between diplomacy and intelligence gathering. Some digital diplomacy endeavors accomplish both. The future of digital diplomacy study likely involves more refining of theoretical propositions regarding projection and retrieval, as well as development of more sophisticated, and precise, methodological tools to help study projection and retrieval empirically.

Epilogue and Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-198
Author(s):  
David Thackeray ◽  
Richard Toye
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Election Manifestos ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Acute Crisis ◽  
The Way ◽  
Internet And Social Media

We explore the ongoing importance of election promises since 1997. Even if the way that promises are disseminated has changed with the growing importance of the internet and social media in campaigning, expectations surrounding manifestos remain roughly those that were set during the twentieth century. And yet the Brexit controversy has arguably created an acute crisis in trust in politicians’ promises and uncertainty about the authority of election manifestos. In the aftermath of the Brexit vote, manifestos enjoyed a more central role in the 2017 and 2019 elections than they had achieved at other elections during the early twenty-first century, not least because of the ambiguities of the mandate provided by the referendum.

Chinese Social Media Platforms and Microblogging in the Context of Public Diplomacy

Communicology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-179
Author(s):  
E.S. Nadezhkina
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Interactive Communication ◽  
Network Interaction ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
The Right ◽  
Chinese Social Media

The term “digital public diplomacy” that appeared in the 21st century owes much to the emergence and development of the concept of Web 2.0 (interactive communication on the Internet). The principle of network interaction, in which the system becomes better with an increase in the number of users and the creation of user-generated content, made it possible to create social media platforms where news and entertainment content is created and moderated by the user. Such platforms have become an expression of the opinions of various groups of people in many countries of the world, including China. The Chinese segment of the Internet is “closed”, and many popular Western services are blocked in it. Studying the structure of Chinese social media platforms and microblogging, as well as analyzing targeted content is necessary to understand China’s public opinion, choose the right message channels and receive feedback for promoting the country’s public diplomacy. This paper reveals the main Chinese social media platforms and microblogging and provides the assessment of their popularity, as well as possibility of analyzing China’s public opinion based on “listening” to social media platforms and microblogging.

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