scholarly journals Lessons from Natural Disasters and the Severe Accident for Nuclear Disaster Prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 6_54-6_59
Author(s):  
Yuichi MORIGUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Severe Accident ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Nuclear Disaster

scholarly journals Analysis of humanoid robotics for nuclear disaster management incorporated with biomechanics

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Kyung Jang ◽  
Tae Woo
Keyword(s):  
Reactor Core ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Severe Accident ◽  
Physical Aspect ◽  
Multidisciplinary Research ◽  
Nuclear Disaster ◽  
Collapsed Building ◽  
Very High ◽  
Mechanical Studies

The humanoid is investigated for the mechanical and physical aspect in the nuclear disaster, especially for a severe accident, which includes the core melting. There are some mechanical studies of the leg and hand of the humanoid in which the human mimicking features are described. The management of the task is accomplished by the three regional preparations. The robot is made of the radiation-resistance substance. Therefore, it could work on the normal task of a human for the removal of the broken debris in a collapsed building. However, there is a limitation for the use in the reactor core building due to very high temperature of the nuclear fuel. The regional classification of the site is studied for the practical purposes. The post-accident analysis is accompanied with multidisciplinary research for the humanoid development in the nuclear industry.

Unmet Challenges to Successfully Mitigating Severe Accidents in Multi Unit CANDU Reactors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Nijhawan
Keyword(s):  
Safety Culture ◽  
Severe Accident ◽  
Reactor Safety ◽  
Candu Reactors ◽  
Safety Critical ◽  
Critical Design ◽  
Nuclear Disaster ◽  
Severe Accidents ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Safety Systems

Abstract One sees eerie similarities here in Canada to the cozy relationship between regulator and utilities in ‘pre-Fukushima’ Japan. Such ties are hardly limited to Canada though. The chronic degradation of real commitments to continued improvements in reactor safety systems and a decline in overall safety culture that discourages critical design reviews and willfully ignores well justified, safety critical hardware upgrades, has created alarming conditions that are likely inching us towards another nuclear disaster. Operating CANDU reactors are now close to being obsolete but have barely seen any substantive severe accident related risk reduction upgrades nine years after Fukushima, hoopla in Canada around some minor improvements and premature closure of even otherwise sparse and what were really weak regulatory ‘Fukushima Action Items’ notwithstanding.

Science Communication of Hazards with Scientific Uncertainty: In the Cases of Volcanic Activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miwa Kuri ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
News Media ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Scientific Communication ◽  
Scientific Uncertainty ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Cooperative System ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Activity Information

This paper studies cases in Japan, focusing on information on volcanic activities as well as other natural disasters. This information is given as an example of scientific communication in times of scientific uncertainty when there is an urgent need for judgments. This paper also considers the usage of volcanic activity information by residents of Kuchinoerabu Island in 2015, from the time their volcano became active to when the island was fully evacuated. The results suggest that it is important not only to establish relationships with highly interested local residents as non-experts, residents who can communicate information, including uncertainties, but also to communicate information among experts, government bodies, and designated members the news media. It is also suggested that a cooperative system of geoparks that feature disasters and benefits would help the volcanic disaster prevention council.

Status and Analysis on Cognition and Handling Ability of Natural Disasters in Nursing Undergraduates

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 704-707
Author(s):  
Min Xu ◽  
Hong Xin ◽  
Chunshan Zhao ◽  
Na Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
The Self ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
The Future

Nursing undergraduate students are a reserve force for the rescue of natural disaster. Their abilities in self-cognition and response are supposed to be closely related to the development and perfection of them in moral and personality, and their attitude and quality when they are engaged in nursing work in the future. The questionnaire investigation demonstrated that the nursing undergraduate students understood the natural disaster cognition to some extent, but their understanding was limited and one-sided; the students’ abilities in the disaster cognition were influenced by sex, the cognition on nursing specialized responsibility, the self-role cognition and the deed to disaster reserve knowledge (P < 0. 05), indicating that they did not have a full ability to deal with a disaster independently. Therefore, nursing undergraduate students should be educated through various pathways and in different forms in colleges and universities to improve their cognition on the disaster prevention and handling ability.

Introductory Remarks by Katja Samuel

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 127-128
Author(s):  
Katja Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Cost Estimates ◽  
Insurance Sector ◽  
Sendai Framework

The scale and impact of disasters is rising exponentially, with insurance sector cost estimates for “natural” disasters increasing from $188 billion (2016) to $300 billion (2017). In response, the global shift since the 1990s, reflected in the Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) (2015–2030), has been toward concentrating resources on disaster prevention and mitigation, including through improved preparedness and response mechanisms.

Analyses of Severe Accident Sequences in the Spent Fuel Pool of the VVER-1000 Type of Reactor With MELCOR 1.8.6

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Kotouč
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Severe Accident ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Concrete Walls ◽  
Nuclear Disaster ◽  
Spent Fuel Pool ◽  
Fukushima Nuclear Disaster

Since the Fukushima nuclear disaster in 2011, much attention has been paid to investigation of severe accidents (SA) progression in spent fuel pools (SFP) of various types of nuclear power plants (NPP). In Czech Republic, 4 VVER-440 and 2 VVER-1000 types of reactors (at the Dukovany and Temelin NPPs, respectively) are currently under operation. In order to enhance their safety, especially with respect to station black-out (SBO) events, numerical analyses have been carried out evaluating the risks associated with accidents occurring also in the SFP. The present paper deals with analyses of 2 postulated scenarios (loss of cooling and loss of coolant) and is mainly focused on the input deck preparation for the integral, lumped parameter (LP) code for SA analyses — MELCOR 1.8.6. Emphasis is put on description of correct implementation of the complex geometry of the SFP, consisting of 3 distinct pools separated by concrete walls (lined with steel plates) in which fuel assemblies (FA) are stored in an absorber grid (rack). In the description of the prepared numerical model, light is shed on the encountered modeling issues, and corresponding hints and solutions are proposed in order to provide guidance for preparing adequate models for various types of SFP designs. Finally, some of the most characteristic results are presented for both postulated scenarios.

scholarly journals The Sacred and Profane of Japan’s Nuclear Safety Myth: On the Cultural Logic of Framing and Overflowing

2021 ◽  
pp. 174997552110010
Author(s):  
Hiro Saito
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Nuclear Safety ◽  
Severe Accident ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Cultural Logic ◽  
Policy Framing ◽  
Nuclear Disaster ◽  
Sacred And Profane ◽  
Accident Management ◽  
Fukushima Nuclear Disaster

Any policy requires a ‘frame’ and, by the same token, entails an ‘overflow’, externalizing a certain part of the world as irrelevant. This mundane business of policy framing and overflowing became an urgent matter of concern in Japan in March 2011, as the Fukushima nuclear disaster exposed how the existing frame of nuclear safety had permitted the fatal overflow of severe accident management. In fact, despite the creation of the new regulatory agency in September 2012, the post-Fukushima frame of nuclear safety continued to externalize off-site evacuation planning – a key component of severe accident management – until March 2015. To explain such persistence of the overflow, I borrow the concept of ‘sociotechnical imaginary’ from the policy-oriented strand of science and technology studies and infuse it with hermeneutical rigor of the strong program of cultural sociology. Specifically, I illustrate how the trajectory of Japan’s nuclear safety was decisively shaped by the pacifist imaginary and the safety myth, organized around the binary opposition ‘sacred = civilian use = safe vs. profane = military use = dangerous’, without reducing this deeper cultural logic of framing and overflowing to the political economy of nuclear energy or the global isomorphism of nuclear technology.

scholarly journals Creation of a Model for Social Defense in Case of Disasters for the Citizens of the Republic of Bulgaria

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Georgi Baev ◽  
Miroslav Dimitrov ◽  
Ivan Dimitrov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Material Damage ◽  
Disaster Prevention ◽  
Financial Difficulty ◽  
Social Politics ◽  
Social Defense ◽  
Covering Material ◽  
Administrative Procedures ◽  
The Republic

Abstract In Bulgaria there is a great need for a scheme for social defense and protection in case of natural or anthropogenic disasters. Our country has a relatively good social politics, covering a great deal of society’s social illnesses. But our financial capabilities for natural and anthropogenic disaster prevention and handling present a great financial difficulty for our country’s budget. In great deal of cases aid-money are being spend for covering material damage caused by natural disasters, but the aspect of affected citizens gets neglected and remains in the background. Our country comes as far as securing them with a one-off humanitarian or/and financial help for damaged property. In a great deal of cases though our country’s help is inadequate in amount or gets postponed in time due to administrative procedures.

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