scholarly journals Efecto de la Sustitución de un Hidrolizado Enzimático de Levadura (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) como Medio de Cultivo para la Propagación In vitro de Henequén (Agave fourcroydes Lem.)

Ceiba ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Cristian Malavert ◽  
Gerardo Gonzales
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Agave Fourcroydes

Los agaves son plantas tropicales de usos múltiples como la obtención de licores, el empleo artesanal de la fibra de sus hojas y el uso tradicional en la medicina. Sin embargo, es muy complejo establecer plantaciones grandes por métodos convencionales. El objetivo fue evaluar la respuesta morfogénica de brotes de henequén (Agave fourcroydes Lem.) cultivados en un medio donde se sustituyó una parte de la fuente de nitrógeno por una solución de hidrolizado de levaduras (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), como una alternativa para abaratar los costos de producción de vitroplantas. En una prueba inicial se utilizó el hidrolizado de levadura puro y a los porcentajes propuestos (12.5, 25.0 y 37.5%) con sacarosa (3%) y los reguladores de crecimiento (2,4-D 0.025 mg/L + BAP 10.0 mg/L) hubo 100% de mortalidad. Lo que más influyó negativamente durante la etapa de multiplicación en los explantes fue la fenolización. El hidrolizado activó la fenoloxidasa, ya que este producto posee compuestos fenólicos que son tóxicos, pues retrasan el crecimiento y desarrollo fisiológico de los explantes y disminuyen la supervivencia. Se concluye que la sustitución de una parte de la fuente de nitrógeno por una solución de hidrolizado de levaduras disminuye la eficiencia biológica en la propagación in vitro del henequén, motivado por una elevada mortalidad en los explantes y también se estimula la contaminación sistémica en presencia de los medios que tienen hidrolizado de levaduras.

Ca-, Mg- és K-sók hatása egyes nehézfémek Saccharomyces cerevisiae törzsekre gyakorolt toxicitására

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-175
Author(s):  
Nikoletta Tóth ◽  
Hamuda Hosam E. A. F. Bayoumi ◽  
Attila Palágyi ◽  
Mihály Kecskés
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Az utóbbi években egyre több tanulmány született a mikroorganizmusok nehézfém akkumulációjáról. A mikroszervezetek nehézfémekkel szembeni tűrőképességére és nehézfém felvételére a bioremediációs hasznosíthatóságuk miatt egyre nagyobb figyelmet fordítanak. A mikroorganizmusok tulajdonságai nagyon jól hasznosíthatóak a talajszennyezés monitorozásánál. A toxikus nehézfémek komoly ökológiai problémát jelentenek környezetünkben, ezért kiemelkedő fontosságú a nehézfémekkel szennyezett talajok tisztítása. In vitro , két S. cerevisiae törzs (NSS5099 és NSS7002) nehézfémekkel szembeni toleranciáját vizsgáltuk. A két törzs szaporodási kinetikáját olyan táptalajon tanulmányoztuk, amelyhez 50 µM koncentrációban adtunk Cu 2+ -, Pb 2+ -, Cd 2+ - vagy Ni 2+ -ionokat. A vizsgált nehézfémek élesztőtörzsekre gyakorolt toxicitása csökkenő sorrendben: Cu 2+ > Pb 2+ > Cd 2+ > Ni 2+ . A 350 µM koncentrációjú Cu 2+ , Pb 2+ vagy Cd 2+ és 450 µM koncentrációjú Ni 2+ 48 órás inkubációt követően 50%-kal csökkentette az élősejtek számát. Amikor a nehézfémek táptalajba történő adagolása előtt 50 mM Ca(HCO 3 ) 2 , 75 mM MgSO 4 , vagy 150 mM K 2 SO 4 -ot adtunk a közeghez csökkent a nehézfémek sejtekre gyakorolt toxicitása, és több sejt maradt életben. A 350 és 450 µM koncentrációban lévő nehézfémek toxicitását a fémsók 40%-kal csökkentették. A kapott eredmények alapján az NSS7002 törzs sokkal alkalmasabbnak bizonyult a nehézfémekkel szennyezett talajok tisztítására, mint az NSS5099._

scholarly journals Suppressor Analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gene REC104 Reveals a Genetic Interaction With REC102

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 151 (4) ◽  
pp. 1261-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Salem ◽  
Natalie Walter ◽  
Robert Malone
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Null Allele ◽  
Genetic Interaction ◽  
In Vitro Mutagenesis ◽  
Conditional Mutations ◽  
Suppressor Analysis

Abstract REC104 is a gene required for the initiation of meiotic recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To better understand the role of REC104 in meiosis, we used an in vitro mutagenesis technique to create a set of temperature-conditional mutations in REC104 and used one ts allele (rec104-8) in a screen for highcopy suppressors. An increased dosage of the early exchange gene REC102 was found to suppress the conditional recombinational reduction in rec104-8 as well as in several other conditional rec104 alleles. However, no suppression was observed for a null allele of REC104, indicating that the suppression by REC102 is not “bypass” suppression. Overexpression of the early meiotic genes REC114, RAD50, HOP1, and RED1 fails to suppress any of the rec104 conditional alleles, indicating that the suppression might be specific to REC102.

scholarly journals Cells Expressing Murine RAD52 Splice Variants Favor Sister Chromatid Repair

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 3752-3763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Thorpe ◽  
Vanessa A. Marrero ◽  
Margaret H. Savitzky ◽  
Ivana Sunjevaric ◽  
Tom C. Freeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Sister Chromatid ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Splice Variants ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Single Stranded Dna ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Dominant Phenotype ◽  
Mouse Tissues

ABSTRACT The RAD52 gene is essential for homologous recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. RAD52 is the archetype in an epistasis group of genes essential for DNA damage repair. By catalyzing the replacement of replication protein A with Rad51 on single-stranded DNA, Rad52 likely promotes strand invasion of a double-stranded DNA molecule by single-stranded DNA. Although the sequence and in vitro functions of mammalian RAD52 are conserved with those of yeast, one difference is the presence of introns and consequent splicing of the mammalian RAD52 pre-mRNA. We identified two novel splice variants from the RAD52 gene that are expressed in adult mouse tissues. Expression of these splice variants in tissue culture cells elevates the frequency of recombination that uses a sister chromatid template. To characterize this dominant phenotype further, the RAD52 gene from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was truncated to model the mammalian splice variants. The same dominant sister chromatid recombination phenotype seen in mammalian cells was also observed in yeast. Furthermore, repair from a homologous chromatid is reduced in yeast, implying that the choice of alternative repair pathways may be controlled by these variants. In addition, a dominant DNA repair defect induced by one of the variants in yeast is suppressed by overexpression of RAD51, suggesting that the Rad51-Rad52 interaction is impaired.

scholarly journals Discovery of a Novel Class of Orally Active Antifungal β-1,3-d-Glucan Synthase Inhibitors

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 5099-5106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott S. Walker ◽  
Yiming Xu ◽  
Ilias Triantafyllou ◽  
Michelle F. Waldman ◽  
Cara Mendrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Morphological Response ◽  
Glucan Synthase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Spontaneous Mutants ◽  
Orally Active

ABSTRACTThe echinocandins are a class of semisynthetic natural products that target β-1,3-glucan synthase (GS). Their proven clinical efficacy combined with minimal safety issues has made the echinocandins an important asset in the management of fungal infection in a variety of patient populations. However, the echinocandins are delivered only parenterally. A screen for antifungal bioactivities combined with mechanism-of-action studies identified a class of piperazinyl-pyridazinones that target GS. The compounds exhibitedin vitroactivity comparable, and in some cases superior, to that of the echinocandins. The compounds inhibit GSin vitro, and there was a strong correlation between enzyme inhibition andin vitroantifungal activity. In addition, like the echinocandins, the compounds caused a leakage of cytoplasmic contents from yeast and produced a morphological response in molds characteristic of GS inhibitors. Spontaneous mutants ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaewith reduced susceptibility to the piperazinyl-pyridazinones had substitutions inFKS1. The sites of these substitutions were distinct from those conferring resistance to echinocandins; likewise, echinocandin-resistant isolates remained susceptible to the test compounds. Finally, we present efficacy and pharmacokinetic data on an example of the piperazinyl-pyridazinone compounds that demonstrated efficacy in a murine model ofCandida glabratainfection.

scholarly journals Expression and Characterization of the Flocculin Flo11/Muc1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mannoprotein with Homotypic Properties of Adhesion

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 2214-2221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois M. Douglas ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
A. M. Dranginis
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
In Vitro System ◽  
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor ◽  
Fungal Adhesion ◽  
Very High ◽  
Molecular Weight Form

ABSTRACT The Flo11/Muc1 flocculin has diverse phenotypic effects. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells of strain background Σ1278b require Flo11p to form pseudohyphae, invade agar, adhere to plastic, and develop biofilms, but they do not flocculate. We show that S. cerevisiae var. diastaticus strains, on the other hand, exhibit Flo11-dependent flocculation and biofilm formation but do not invade agar or form pseudohyphae. In order to study the nature of the Flo11p proteins produced by these two types of strains, we examined secreted Flo11p, encoded by a plasmid-borne gene, in which the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor sequences had been replaced by a histidine tag. A protein of approximately 196 kDa was secreted from both strains, which upon purification and concentration, aggregated into a form with a very high molecular mass. When secreted Flo11p was covalently attached to microscopic beads, it conferred the ability to specifically bind to S. cerevisiae var. diastaticus cells, which flocculate, but not to Σ1278b cells, which do not flocculate. This was true for the 196-kDa form as well as the high-molecular-weight form of Flo11p, regardless of the strain source. The coated beads bound to S. cerevisiae var. diastaticus cells expressing FLO11 and failed to bind to cells with a deletion of FLO11, demonstrating a homotypic adhesive mechanism. Flo11p was shown to be a mannoprotein. Bead-to-cell adhesion was inhibited by mannose, which also inhibits Flo11-dependent flocculation in vivo, further suggesting that this in vitro system is a useful model for the study of fungal adhesion.

scholarly journals Transcription of alpha-specific genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: DNA sequence requirements for activity of the coregulator alpha 1.

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6866-6875 ◽  
Author(s):  
D C Hagen ◽  
L Bruhn ◽  
C A Westby ◽  
G F Sprague
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Transcription Activation ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
Weak Binding

Transcription activation of alpha-specific genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is regulated by two proteins, MCM1 and alpha 1, which bind to DNA sequences, called P'Q elements, found upstream of alpha-specific genes. Neither MCM1 nor alpha 1 alone binds efficiently to P'Q elements. Together, however, they bind cooperatively in a manner that requires both the P' sequence, which is a weak binding site for MCM1, and the Q sequence, which has been postulated to be the binding site for alpha 1. We analyzed a collection of point mutations in the P'Q element of the STE3 gene to determine the importance of individual base pairs for alpha-specific gene transcription. Within the 10-bp conserved Q sequence, mutations at only three positions strongly affected transcription activation in vivo. These same mutations did not affect the weak binding to P'Q displayed by MCM1 alone. In vitro DNA binding assays showed a direct correlation between the ability of the mutant sequences to form ternary P'Q-MCM1-alpha 1 complexes and the degree to which transcription was activated in vivo. Thus, the ability of alpha 1 and MCM1 to bind cooperatively to P'Q elements is critical for activation of alpha-specific genes. In all natural alpha-specific genes the Q sequence is adjacent to the degenerate side of P'. To test the significance of this geometry, we created several novel juxtapositions of P, P', and Q sequences. When the Q sequence was opposite the degenerate side, the composite QP' element was inactive as a promoter element in vivo and unable to form stable ternary QP'-MCM1-alpha 1 complexes in vitro. We also found that addition of a Q sequence to a strong MCM1 binding site allows the addition of alpha 1 to the complex. This finding, together with the observation that Q-element point mutations affected ternary complex formation but not the weak binding of MCM1 alone, supports the idea that the Q sequence serves as a binding site for alpha 1.

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