scholarly journals The safety of prolong usage of diazepam on liver and renal functions in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 059-061
Author(s):  
Wajdy Jabbar Majid ◽  
Tayseer Ali Talab
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Renal Functions

In this study the effect of diazepam on some blood chemistry values was studied in male rats. Intraperitoneal administration of diazepam at a dose of 0.6mg/kg body weight for 60 days didn't induce significant changes in serum glucose, urea, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, creatinine and alkaline phosphatase levels. Findings of this study give further sound for the safety of benzodiazepines.

Hepatotoxic effects of chloroform extract of Artemisia macivera Linn in rats following intraperitoneal administration of different subchronic doses

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
SE Atawodi ◽  
AC Ene ◽  
DA Ameh
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hepatocellular Injury

The possible hepatotoxic effects of chloroform extract of Artemisia maciverae was evaluated biochemically and histologically using male Swiss albino rats, randomly assigned into four groups of 24 animals each. The groups (control, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) were treated for 60 days and then monitored for another 30 days before sacrifice. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin (total and direct), total protein and albumin were assessed colorimetrically, while tissue specimens were subjected to histological examination following standard hematoxyline-eosin staining techniques. After 1 week of treatment, the extract caused statistically significant elevation in levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin (total and direct), while there was significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the levels of serum total protein and albumin at the onset of treatment when compared with the control. These abnormalities in the levels of serum biochemical parameters were spontaneously corrected within 2 weeks of treatment. Similarly, histological assessment showed severe hepatic tissue injuries after 1 week, but these organs recovered spontaneously by the second week of treatment. The results indicate that long-term exposure to therapeutic doses of chloroform extract of A maciverae is relatively safe, but high dose exposure may result in hepatocellular injury.

scholarly journals Comparison of a full-spectrum multi-analyte clinical analyser with six reference instruments using canine and feline blood samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 342-350
Author(s):  
CS Lin ◽  
GH Chiang ◽  
CH Liu ◽  
HC Tsai ◽  
CC Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Total Bile Acid ◽  
Analytical Performance ◽  
Blood Samples

In this study, we report the characterisation of a novel centrifugation and spectrum-integrated veterinary clinical analyser, the AmiShield<sup>TM</sup>, which has been developed for the multiplex measurement of biochemical, electrolyte and immunoassay parameters in a point-of-care testing environment. The aims of this study were to evaluate the analytical performance of the AmiShield<sup>TM</sup> and to compare it with six reference instruments using clinical blood samples. Two hundred and four canine and 120 feline blood samples collected from veterinary teaching hospitals were analysed in parallel using the AmiShield and appropriate reference instruments. All results were evaluated separately for canine and feline specimens. The instrument’s analytical performance was evaluated initially for short- and long-term precision, bias, and observed total error using quality control material. This was followed by comparison of clinical specimens on the AmiShield analyser in parallel with the Vitros and Hitachi for biochemical parameters, VetScan and SNAPshot for total bile acids, and VetLyte and Biolyte for electrolytes. Overall, the AmiShield analyser’s performance met the standards of the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology for total allowable error for most analytes, and can be considered suitable for use in veterinary clinical practices. Using canine samples, excellent correlation coefficients (r ≧ 0.92) were identified for 14 analytes of various categories including glucose, total protein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, amylase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, phosphorus, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Cl<sup>–</sup> and total bile acid, while good correlations (0.91 ≧ r ≧ 0.80) were recorded for albumin (r = 0.91). Bland-Altman difference plots also showed agreement (greater than 95% within Limits of Agreement) for glucose, total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, amylase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Cl<sup>–</sup> and total bile acid between AmiShield and the reference instruments. However, aspartate aminotransferase and phosphorus exhibited higher outliers, implying potential problems associated with matrix interferences such as lipemic samples, which warrant further study. This study demonstrates that the AmiShield compares favourably with standard reference instruments, and the new device generated data of high quality for most analytes in clinical canine and feline samples. The capability of reliably measuring multi-category analytes in one device using minute amounts (170 μl) of whole blood and short turn-around times (&lt; 15 min) underlines the high potential of the device as a good alternative in-house diagnostic application.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on the Hepatoprotective Effect of Tamarindus indica and Vitamin E in Long Evans Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
NJ Shammi ◽  
ZK Choudhry ◽  
MI Khan ◽  
MM Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Long Evans

The protective effects of ethanolic extract of Tamarindus indica leaves and seeds in compoarison to vitamin E, were studied on paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in Long Evans Rats. Different groups of animals were administered in the paracetamol (1500mg /kg, p.o.) for 7 days. Ethanolic extracts of leaves and seeds of Tamarindus indica (1250mg/kg) with parallel vitamin E (500 mg/kg), were administered to paracetamol pretreated rats. On treatment with paracetamol a significant increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase were observed. On administration of ethanolic extracts of leaves and seeds a significant decrease in the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were observed and histopathological examination of liver tissue revealed an almost return to normal architecture. The result were almost comparable to vitamin E, a known hepatoprotective agent. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v6i2.17645 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2013; 6(2): 63-67

scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds and Hepatoprotective Activity of Chicory Herb Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
O. L. Saybel ◽  
A. I. Radimich ◽  
T. D. Dargaeva ◽  
I. A. Lupanova ◽  
E. V. Ferubko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Toxic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acids ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Pharmacological Research ◽  
Pharmacological Screening

Introduction. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is widely applied for liver disease treatment by traditional medicine of different countries; as well, it is the object for pharmacological research of hepatoprotective activity. In this regard, the method for obtaining dry extract of wild chicory herb (WCHE) is developed in the All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants.Aim. Aim of the research is determination of the qualitative composition of phenolic compounds, identification of the substances prevailing in WCHE and conducting pharmacological screening of the extract.Materials and methods. WCHE chemical composition has been explored with HPLC-MS/MS method; the main components were determined quantitatively with HPLC-UF method using single compounds that were isolated by us earlier and identified by NMR spectroscopy. WCHE pharmacological screening of hepatoprotective activity research was involving 50 male rats. Acute toxic hepatitis in animals was induced by a single subcutaneous injection of 50 % oily solution of tetrachloromethane (TCM) at a dosage of 0.4 ml per 100 g body weight. One hour before administration TCM, animals received WCHE at the doses of 100 or 500 mg/kg. 48 hours after TCM administration, the activity of serum enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), as well as the content of total bilirubin were determined for preliminary establishment of pharmacological activity. Pathomorphological studies of rat liver were carried out using histological methods. The liver histological structure was inspected using liver sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin.Results and discussion. The component composition of WCHE is represented by oxycoumarins, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids. The dominant phenolic compounds are esculetin, chicoriin, chicoric, chlorogenic and caftaric acids. It was found under acute experimental toxic hepatitis, that preliminary WCHE administration reduces the toxic TCM effect on liver cells. In animals treated with WCHE at doses both 100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight, it was observed decreases in ALT activity by 35 % and 45 %, AST by 15 % and 28 %, alkaline phosphatase by 15 % and 21 %; the content of total bilirubin by 20 % and 29 %, respectively, in comparison with similar indicators in the group of animals that were not treated with the extract. The histological study showed that WCHE administration to animals at the doses of 100 and 500 mg/kg reduces dystrophic changes in hepatocytes, this effect is more pronounced at the extract dosage of 500 mg/kg.Conclusion. Main WCHE components are oxycoumarins (esculetin, chicoriin), hydroxycinnamic acids (chicoric, chlorogenic and caftaric). According to the results of screening studies, it was established that WCHE in doses of 100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg is a promising object for further pharmacological research.

Toxicological Interactions of Cassia Senna and Nerium oleander in the Diet of Rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (04) ◽  
pp. 579-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Al-Yahya ◽  
A. H. Al-Farham ◽  
S. E. I. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The toxic effects of diet containing 10% of C. senna L. fruits or 10% of N. oleander L. leaves or their 1 : 1 mixture (5%+5%) on male Wistar rats treated for 6 weeks were investigated. Diarrhea was a prominent sign of C. senna L. toxicosis. In both phytotoxicities, there were decreases in body weight gains, inefficiency of feed utilization, dullness and enterohepatonephropathy. These findings accompanied by leukopenia and anemia were correlated with alterations of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and concentrations of total protein, albumin, urea and other serum constituents. In both phytotoxicities, the ability of the liver to excrete bilirubin remained unchanged. Feeding the mixture of C. senna L. fruits and N. oleander L. leaves caused more serious effects and death of rats. The implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Influence of 8-Hour Road Transportation on Selected Physiological Parameters in Horses

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Niedźwiedź ◽  
Marcin Zawadzki ◽  
Henryk Filipowski ◽  
Józef Nicpoń
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Physiological Variables

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the physiological responses in mature healthy horses prior to an 8 h transport, as well as immediately and 24 h after transportation in a horse truck, under autumn conditions typical for central Poland. The study was conducted on a group of 60 horses of different breed. Horses ranged from 4 to 10 years of age. Venous blood was taken 3 times: I - directly before loading the horses to the trailer, II - directly after unloading the horses from the trailer, III - after period of 24 h resting. There was no change in the concentrations of urea, cholesterol, creatinine, and magnesium and in the activity of alkaline phosphatase during the three subsequent samplings. Albumin, total protein, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, creatine kinase, and triglycerides were mostly influenced by the transport. The obtained results indicate that the transportation of horses alters concentrations of physiological variables of their metabolism.

scholarly journals Gangguan Fungsi Hati pada Coronavirus Disease 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasha Salsabila ◽  
Bradley J. Waleleng ◽  
Karel Pandelaki
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Abnormal Liver Function ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Elevated Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Abstract: The incidence and death rate of COVID-19 in North Sulawesi Province continues to increase and data regarding abnormal liver function in COVID-19 is not yet available. This study was aimed to obtain the liver function in COVID-19 patients. This was a literature review study using two databases, namely Pubmed and ClinicalKey. Keywords used were abnormal liver function AND COVID-19, elevated alanine aminotransferase AND COVID-19, elevated aspartate aminotransferase AND COVID-19, elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase AND COVID-19, elevated alkaline phosphatase AND COVID-19, elevated total bilirubin AND COVID-19. After being selected, 10 literatures were obtained based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that increased liver function often occurred in cases of COVID-19, but the increase did not reach twice of the normal value. The most frequent increases were in GGT, followed by ALT and AST, total bilirubin, and the least was the increase in ALP. All literatures reported that increased liver function was more common in males, and in severe COVID-19 patients reported by eight literatures. Five literatures reported that elevated liver function increased mortality in COVID-19 cases. In conclusion, there are increases in ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, and total bilirubin levels in COVID-19 patients.Keywords: abnormal liver function, COVID-19 Abstrak: Angka kejadian dan angka kematian COVID-19 di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara terus bertambah sedangkan data mengenai gambaran gangguan fungsi hati pada COVID-19 belum tersedia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran fungsi hati pada COVID-19. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review dengan pencarian data menggunakan dua database yaitu Pubmed dan ClinicalKey. Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu abnormal liver function AND COVID-19, elevated alanine aminotransferase AND COVID-19, elevated aspartate aminotransferase AND COVID-19, elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase AND COVID-19, elevated alkaline phosphatase AND COVID-19, elevated total bilirubin AND COVID-19. Setelah diseleksi, didapatkan 10 literatur berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Penelitian ini mendapatkan bahwa peningkatan fungsi hati sering terjadi pada kasus COVID-19 namun peningkatannya tidak mencapai dua kali nilai normal. Peningkatan paling sering terjadi pada GGT, diikuti oleh ALT dan AST, bilirubin total, dan paling sedikit yaitu pada peningkatan ALP. Seluruh literatur melaporkan peningkatan fungsi hati lebih sering terjadi pada laki-laki dan pada kasus COVID-19 gejala berat dilaporkan oleh delapan literatur. Lima literatur melaporkan peningkatan fungsi hati meningkatkan mortalitas pada kasus COVID-19. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah, terdapat peningkatan kadar ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, dan bilirubin total pada penderita COVID-19.Kata kunci: gangguan fungsi Hati, COVID-19

scholarly journals The dynamics of liver tests in pregnant women with non-infectious hepatitis in the case of ­prescription of ademetionine

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K G Garayeva
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Infectious Hepatitis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pathological Development ◽  
Liver Tests ◽  
Infectious Etiology

Aim. To study the effect of ademetionine on the dynamics of biochemical markers of liver disease in pregnant women with non-infectious hepatitis. Methods. The study included 19 pregnant with non-infectious hepatitis (5 alcoholic, 7 drug, 7 alimentary) etiologies. For groups comparison it was used the history of previous pregnancies in these same women. To monitor the functional state of the liver in the blood of women, the content of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin was determined using HUMAN reagent kits on a BIOSKREM MS 2000 microanalyzer (USA). Examination of pregnant women was carried out immediately after registration, at the end of the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. Results. In pregnant women with a high content of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin in the blood, cases of pathological development of the fetus were recorded more often. The use of drugs based on ademetionine contributed to the positive dynamics of liver tests in drug and alimentary (caused by nutrition) hepatitis; no evidence of the positive dynamics in alcoholic hepatitis was obtained. Conclusion. Prescribing of ademetionine to pregnant women with liver damage by non-infectious etiology can positively affect both the biochemical parameters of the liver and, possibly, the formation of the fetus.

scholarly journals Observational Study of Serum Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (48) ◽  
pp. 2852-2855
Author(s):  
Himanshu Jindal ◽  
Abhilasha Singh ◽  
Rajan Goyal ◽  
Abhishek Kamendu
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Serum Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase

BACKGROUND The relationship between liver enzymes like alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and diabetes has been studied, but the results of these are inconsistent. Several prospective studies have reported that ALT was associated with incident diabetes. We wanted to study the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in patients of Type 2 DM. METHODS This is a hospital based observational study which was conducted in Narayan Medical College and Hospital, Jamuhar, Sasaram, Rohtas, Bihar. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), FBS, PPBS, total bilirubin, and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were determined in all study participants. RESULTS The mean value was 96.35, 67.37, 152.78 and 1.098 for AST, ALT, ALP and total bilirubin. On multivariate analysis for effect of FBS, PPBS, HbA1c on the value of AST weak correlation was found with R square of 0.11. On the effect of FBS, PPBS, HbA1c on the value of ALT we found weak correlation with an R square of 0.079. CONCLUSIONS There is a weak correlation between deranged liver enzyme (AST, ALT and ALP) with HbA1c, FBS and PPBS. But still, liver functions should be monitored in diabetic patients. KEYWORDS ALT, AST, Diabetes, HbA1c, FBS, PPBS

scholarly journals Histopathologic and biochemical liver test abnormalities in chronic asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic alcoholics: a review

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Borini ◽  
Romeu Cardoso Guimarães ◽  
Sabrina Bicalho Borini
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Normal Limit ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Enzyme Level ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Liver Test ◽  
Liver Histopathology

PURPOSE: To review the medical literature regarding the histopathologic and biochemical liver test abnormalities in chronic asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic alcoholics. METHODS: Review of articles in the MEDLINE and LILACS databases regarding serum levels and prevalence of alterations in aspartate-aminotransferase, alanine-aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin, in relation to liver histopathology, with or without discrimination of types of histopathologic alteration. RESULTS: Global mean prevalence rates of aspartate-aminotransferase and alanine-aminotransferase alterations were 86.3% and 51.1%; in cases with steatosis they were 79.1% and 38.5%; and in cases of hepatitis, 90.1% and 58%. In all studies, prevalence rates of aspartate-aminotransferase alterations were significantly higher with lower variability than those of alanine-aminotransferase. Mean aspartate-aminotransferase levels were higher than 2N (N is the upper normal limit of the method employed) in all cases with hepatitis histopathology, while those of alanine-aminotransferase were 1.48N, in the same cases. Prevalence of alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin abnormalities were 74.5% and 74.9% globally; in cases of steatosis, they were 70.9% and 67.9%; and in cases of hepatitis, 75.9% and 77.7%. Mean alkaline phosphatase levels were above the upper normal limit in all cases, but those of total bilirubin were above normal in 4 of 7 hepatitis studies. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of aspartate-aminotransferase alteration was consistently related to presence of histopathologic abnormalities; an enzyme level higher than 2N suggests the diagnosis of alcoholic hepatitis.

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