scholarly journals Contribuição dos cocolitoforídeos para o aporte de carbonato de cálcio durante o Último Máximo Glacial na Margem Continental Sul Brasileira

Author(s):  
Juliana De Freitas Gonçalves ◽  
Adriana Leonhardt

O ciclo do carbono durante o período glacial apresenta uma oportunidade única para a investigação de uma condição climática absolutamente distinta da atual. O conhecimento acerca da última glaciação pode ajudar a entender o clima atualmente e as potenciais mudanças ambientais futuras. A sensibilidade dos cocolitoforídeos a mudanças na química da água superficial possui grande relevância para os ciclos biogeoquímicos e como resposta para mudanças no sistema climático. O presente estudo utilizou um testemunho de piston core localizado nas coordenadas 47º 18' 28" W, 29º 24' 19” S, retirado do talude da Bacia de Pelotas a fim de analisar a importância dos cocolitoforídeos no aporte de carbonato de cálcio (CaCO3) para o fundo marinho na região do Cabo de Santa Marta. O testemunho compreende o intervalo entre 18,16 mil anos (ka) e 40,61 ka, incluindo o Último Máximo Glacial (UMG) e o início da deglaciação. Foram quantificados no mínimo 300 cocólitos e 5 campos de visão ao microscópio por amostra para identificação das espécies de cocolitoforídeos. Foram realizadas quatro datações através da técnica do 14C ao longo do testemunho. O conteúdo de CaCO3 nos sedimentos finos foi obtido através de ataque por ácido clorídrico. Os maiores valores de carbonato nos sedimentos ocorrem durante a deglaciação, porém a maior contribuição dos cocolitoforídeos para o aporte de CaCO3 parece ocorrer durante o UMG, quando comparadas as curvas de conteúdo de carbonato e a curva de abundância absoluta das espécies. As espécies que mais contribuíram para o aporte de carbonato foram Emiliania huxleyi, Gephyrocapsa spp. e Florisphaera profunda

Author(s):  
Esteban Osorio-Gòmez ◽  
Diego Vallejo Hincapie ◽  
Daniel Rincón-Martínez ◽  
Sandra Restrepo-Acevedo ◽  
Andres Pardó-Trujillo ◽  
...  

This study was conducted on coccolithophores recovered from 39 piston-core samples taken offshore Chocó and Tumaco basins, on the Colombian Pacific. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the coccoliths showed changes in the relative abundances and the state of preservation in the two basins. The examined sediments were characterized by the coccoliths Gephyrocapsa oceanica, Gephyrocapsamuellerae, Gephyrocapsa <3 μm, Emiliania huxleyi, Calcidiscus leptoporus and Helicosphaera carteri, which presented abundances higher than 2 %. We also identified a minority assemblage (<2%) constituted by Ceratolithus spp., Coccolithus pelagicus, Florisphaera profunda,Helicosphaera princei, Helicosphaera sellii, Helicosphaera wallichii and Pontosphaera spp. together with reworked specimens of Reticulofenestra spp, Sphenolithus spp. and Discoaster spp. The recovery of E. huxleyi as part of the assemblage indicates that the studied sediments are younger than the biozone NN21, covering an age range of Middle Pleistocene (Ionian). The number of coccoliths per gram (cc/g) was calculated, demonstrating an average of 5.7x106 cc/g and 1.2x107 cc/g for Chocó and Tumaco basins, respectively. In order to interpret the causes of this variance, we performed a multivariate redundancy analysis (RDA), showing that the distance to the coastline is the controlling factor of the fluctuations of the relative abundances and distribution of the coccoliths in both basins.


2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimin Karmini ◽  
M. Hendrizan

Nanoplankton dari dua puluh satu percontoh dari Tinggian Roo (MD982156) yang diperoleh selama Ekspedisi MD III - IMAGES IV telah dianalisis untuk kepentingan penelitian biostratigrafi study. Percontoh sedimen diambil dengan menggunakan penginti isap yang besar sekali (giant piston core). Lokasi daerah telitian adalah di Tinggian Roo, Samudra Hindia, Selatan Jawa Timur, di luar Parit Jawa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan nanoplankton, biostratigrafi daerah telitian dapat dibagi ke dalam 8 Zona yakni zona-zona: Discoaster multiradiatus, D. prepentaradiatus, D. asymmetricus, Pseudoemiliania lacunosa, D. brouweri, D.brouweri-oceanica, Gephyrocapsa oceanica dan Emiliania huxleyi. Umur Paleosen ditunjukkan dengan adanya Discoaster multiradiatus sebagai spesies yang dominan, sedangkan sedimen yang berumur Miosen Akhir adalah D. prepentaradiatus. Sedimen lempung tufaan pada kedalaman 30 m bawah dasar laut ke bagian paling bawah dari penampang yang didominasi oleh mineral Phillipsite, ternyata mengandung nanoplankton yang berumur Paleosen, sedangkan dari kedalaman 30 m ke bagian atas dari penampang sedimen ditutupi secara langsung oleh sedimen yang berumur Miosen Akhir – Holosen. Jadi di lokasi penelitian ini telah terjadi hiatus antara Eosen sampai paling tidak bagian bawah dari Miosen Akhir. Adapun Phillipsit dikenal sebagai mineral yang secara authigenic terjadi di laut dalam yang bisa berasal dari hasil kegiatan gunung api. Manfaat mineral Phillipsit di dalam industri plastik, antara lain dapat dipakai dalam pembuatan resin termoaktif dan sebagai pemacu dalam proses pengerasan. Kelompok Zeolit ini juga digunakan untuk menghilangkan kesadahan dalam industri deterjen, menjernihkan kelapa sawit, menyerap zat warna pada minyak hati ikan hiu, sebagai katalisator pada proses gasifikasi batubara yang berkadar belerang dan/atau nitrogen tinggi yang menghasilkan gas bersih Kata Kunci: Hiatus, Kala Esosen-miosen, Tinggian Roo, Biostratigrafi Nanno Plankton Nannoplankton of twenty one samples from Roo Rise (MD982156 core) obtained during MD III - IMAGES IV Expedition were analysed for biostratigraphic study. The samples were taken by using giant piston core. This core is located in Indian Ocean, south of East Jawa, outer part of Jawa Trench. The results of the study indicate that, based on nannoplankton biostratigraphy of the study area, there are eight zones namely: Discoaster multiradiatus, D. prepentaradiatus, D. asymmetricus, Pseudoemiliania lacunosa, D. brouweri, D.brouweri-oceanica, Gephyrocapsa oceanica dan Emiliania huxleyi. Paleocene sediment is indicated by the presence of Discoaster multiradiatus as the dominant species and Late Miocene sediment is indicated by the presence D. pentaradiatus. The sediments from 30 m down to the base of the core, which is dominated by Phillipsite minerals (Zeolite Group), is composed of nannoplankton of Paleocene age, whereas from 30 m below sea floor (bsf) to the top of the core, the sediment is directly overlain by the sediment of Late Miocene – Holocene ages. Therefore there was a hiatus occurred in the study area between Eocene to at least the lower part of Late Miocene. Phillipsite is known as an authigenic mineral deposited in the deep sea that could be derived from the volcanic activity products. This mineral has a benefit in the plastic industry that can be used in making thermoactive resin and as a catalyst in hardening process. The Zeolite Group is also used in removing hardness in detergen industry, cleaning palm oil, absorbing color in lever oil of shark and as a catalyst in coal gasification having high sulphur and nitrogen producing clean gas. Keyword: Hiatus, Eosen-miosen ages, Roo Rise, Biostratigrafi Nanno Plankton


2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
LJ Darroch ◽  
M Lavoie ◽  
M Levasseur ◽  
I Laurion ◽  
WG Sunda ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 210 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Malitsky ◽  
Carmit Ziv ◽  
Shilo Rosenwasser ◽  
Shuning Zheng ◽  
Daniella Schatz ◽  
...  

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Spooner ◽  
J.M. Getliff ◽  
M.A. Teece ◽  
R.J. Parkes ◽  
J.W. Leftley ◽  
...  

BMC Genomics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian D Rokitta ◽  
Peter Von Dassow ◽  
Björn Rost ◽  
Uwe John

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 2689-2707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilo Rosenwasser ◽  
Michaela A. Mausz ◽  
Daniella Schatz ◽  
Uri Sheyn ◽  
Sergey Malitsky ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3163-3174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Lenhart ◽  
Thomas Klintzsch ◽  
Gerald Langer ◽  
Gernot Nehrke ◽  
Michael Bunge ◽  
...  

Abstract. Methane (CH4), an important greenhouse gas that affects radiation balance and consequently the earth's climate, still has uncertainties in its sinks and sources. The world's oceans are considered to be a source of CH4 to the atmosphere, although the biogeochemical processes involved in its formation are not fully understood. Several recent studies provided strong evidence of CH4 production in oxic marine and freshwaters, but its source is still a topic of debate. Studies of CH4 dynamics in surface waters of oceans and large lakes have concluded that pelagic CH4 supersaturation cannot be sustained either by lateral inputs from littoral or benthic inputs alone. However, regional and temporal oversaturation of surface waters occurs frequently. This comprises the observation of a CH4 oversaturating state within the surface mixed layer, sometimes also termed the "oceanic methane paradox". In this study we considered marine algae as a possible direct source of CH4. Therefore, the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi was grown under controlled laboratory conditions and supplemented with two 13C-labeled carbon substrates, namely bicarbonate and a position-specific 13C-labeled methionine (R-S-13CH3). The CH4 production was 0.7 µg particular organic carbon (POC) g−1 d−1, or 30 ng g−1 POC h−1. After supplementation of the cultures with the 13C-labeled substrate, the isotope label was observed in headspace CH4. Moreover, the absence of methanogenic archaea within the algal culture and the oxic conditions during CH4 formation suggest that the widespread marine algae Emiliania huxleyi might contribute to the observed spatially and temporally restricted CH4 oversaturation in ocean surface waters.


2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 5693-5704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella M. Weiss ◽  
Eva Y. Pfannerstill ◽  
Stefan Schouten ◽  
Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté ◽  
Marcel T. J. van der Meer

Abstract. Over the last decade, hydrogen isotopes of long-chain alkenones have been shown to be a promising proxy for reconstructing paleo sea surface salinity due to a strong hydrogen isotope fractionation response to salinity across different environmental conditions. However, to date, the decoupling of the effects of alkalinity and salinity, parameters that co-vary in the surface ocean, on hydrogen isotope fractionation of alkenones has not been assessed. Furthermore, as the alkenone-producing haptophyte, Emiliania huxleyi, is known to grow in large blooms under high light intensities, the effect of salinity on hydrogen isotope fractionation under these high irradiances is important to constrain before using δDC37 to reconstruct paleosalinity. Batch cultures of the marine haptophyte E. huxleyi strain CCMP 1516 were grown to investigate the hydrogen isotope fractionation response to salinity at high light intensity and independently assess the effects of salinity and alkalinity under low-light conditions. Our results suggest that alkalinity does not significantly influence hydrogen isotope fractionation of alkenones, but salinity does have a strong effect. Additionally, no significant difference was observed between the fractionation responses to salinity recorded in alkenones grown under both high- and low-light conditions. Comparison with previous studies suggests that the fractionation response to salinity in culture is similar under different environmental conditions, strengthening the use of hydrogen isotope fractionation as a paleosalinity proxy.


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