scholarly journals CORRELAÇÕES GENÉTICAS, FENOTÍPICAS E DE AMBIENTE ENTRE OS PESOS DE VÁRIAS IDADES EM BOVINOS DA RAÇA GUZERÁ NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. M. MALHADO ◽  
J. C. SOUZA ◽  
L. O. C. SILVA ◽  
P. B. FERRAZ FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Mixing Models ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Environmental Correlation ◽  
Environmental Correlations

Este trabalho tem como finalidade estudar as correlações genéticas, fenotípicas e de ambientes sobre os pesos de animais da raça Guzerá, criados no estado de São Paulo, aos 205 (P205), 365 (P365) e 550 (P550) dias de idade. Para realização das análises estatísticas, utilizouse da metodologia de modelos mistos, programa MTDFREML. O modelo estatístico continha os efeitos aleatórios de animal, touro, vaca e o erro; e, como efeitos fixos de grupo contemporâneo (fazenda, sexo, estação: (água e seca), mês e ano de nascimento do bezerro) e a covariável idade da vaca ao parto (quadrática). As correlações genética foram iguais a 0,75, entre os P205 e P365; 0,61, entre os P205 e P550 e 0,65, entre os P365 e P550. A correlação de ambiente entre os P205 e P365 foi 0,44; para o P205 e P550 foi 0,49; entre P365 e P550 foi 0,66. Os valores obtidos para as correlações fenotípica foram 0,59, 0,42 e 0,65 entre os P205 e P365; P205 e P550; P365 e P550; respectivamente. Os valores obtidos para as correlações genéticas indicam que a seleção para peso em idades jovens deverá promover mudanças nos pesos posteriores de um mesmo animal, apontando que a seleção poderá ser realizada em idades mais jovens. Genetic, phenotypical and environmental correlations between weight and age in the State of Paulo bovines from the guzera breed Abstract The main purpose of the present research work is centered in the study of genetic, phenotypical and environmental correlations regarding the weight of Guzera breed bovines at 205, 365 and 550 days of age. Statistical analysis was carried out by the methodology of mixing models, programs MTDFREML, the statistical model containing the aleatory effects of the animal, sire, cow and the error, and as fixed effects of contemporary group - farm, sex, season, water and drought, the year of birth of the calf, and the covariable age of dam. The genetic correlations was found to be equal do 0.75, 0.61 and 0.65, between P295 and P365. P205 and P550, and P365 and P550, respectively. The environmental correlation between P205 and P365, P205 and P550, and P365 and P550 was 0.44, 0.49 and 0.66, respectively. The phenotypical correlation between P205 and P365, P205 and P550, and P365 and P550 was of 0.59, 0.42, and 0.65, respectively. The values found for the genetic correlations indicate the possibility to select the animals, taking their weight as a parameter, earlier during their life.

scholarly journals FAILURES IN DTCS'S PIPELINES WITH PRODUCT LOSS

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (1) ◽  
pp. 373-378
Author(s):  
Edgard de Castro Souza ◽  
Luiz Antonio Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Product Loss ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT DTCS (Dutos e Terminais do Centro Oeste e São Paulo), an operational organ of PETROBRAS, is the organization responsible for the operation of a 2300-km-long pipeline system for the transportation of crude oil and hydrocarbons. Such a system, which is continually growing, has a representative history of leakage occurrences, particularly in its first years of operation. Based on a statistical analysis of these occurrences in the pipeline system, the number of leakages was reduced in the last few years through actions taken to minimize them. Criteria were established to define the proper moment for inspecting the pipelines with corrosion pigs, and other priority actions were also developed to reduce leakage occurrences. The data pertaining to occasional new leakage occurrences are analyzed every 6 months, and a report is issued proposing new actions or ratifying the existing ones.

scholarly journals DP 0256 - Judicial attitudes under shifting jurisprudence: evidence from Brazil's new drug law of 2006

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Alexandre Samy de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Drug Law ◽  
Drug Offenses ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
Bar Association

This paper exploits the diversity of panels at the court of appeals in the state of São Paulo to address the role of career backgrounds and ideology in shaping the response of judicial decisions to a major shift in jurisprudence on drug offenses. The Brazilian constitution reserves 80% of the seats in appellate courts to career judges, 10% to lawyers and 10% to prosecutors. In practice however, vacancies in panels coupled with backlogs have significantly increased participation of judges sitting by designation in appellate panels - who acted as rapporteurs in as much as 14% of all criminal appeals in São Paulo, between 2009-2013. Former lawyers and prosecutors are appointed by the state governor after nomination processes at the bar association and at the ministerial office. Judges sitting by designation are chosen at the discretion of the court’s highest council and do not retain prerogatives of tenured appellate judges and are typically hired with the purpose of reducing backlogs. Their performance affects their chances of being promoted to the court of appeals, relatively to similar judges that have not been designated. Based on a large dataset of criminal appeals related to drug offenses in the State São Paulo, Brazil, this study exploits the exogenous assignment of cases to rapporteurs, to identify the causal effects of career backgrounds on the response of appellate judges to a major shift in drug jurisprudence, which revoked the prohibition of conversion of confinement punishment in drug offenses introduced by the new drug law of 2006. Estimates of treatment-effects, conditional on case characteristics and panel-specific fixed-effects, confirm that career judges respond favorably to defendants, in line with the jurisprudence shift. Former prosecutors react against the shift, responding unfavorably to defendants. Former lawyers tend to exhibit a mixed behavior, weighing in their preferences as well as strategically favoring predominant “law and order” views. Finally sitting judges behave in a diffident fashion but also favoring prosecution.

scholarly journals HERDABILIDADE E CORRELAÇÕES GENÉTICAS, FENOTÍPICAS E AMBIENTAIS PARA PESOS EM DIFERENTES IDADES DE BOVINOS DA RAÇA TABAPUÃ

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. FERRAZ FILHO ◽  
A. A. RAMOS ◽  
L. O. C. SILVA ◽  
J. C. SOUZA ◽  
M. M. ALENCAR
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Similar Model ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Abstract Knowledge ◽  
Derivative Free ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Farm Unit ◽  
One Year

O conhecimento dos parâmetros genéticos, fenotípicos e ambientais de características de valor econômico é de fundamental importância para o delineamento de programas de seleção em bovinos de corte, pois permite antever a possibilidade de sucesso com a seleção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter estimativas de herdabilidade e de correlações genéticas, fenotípicas e ambientais, para os pesos ao desmame (P205), aos doze meses (P365) e aos 18 meses (P550) de idade de zebuínos da raça Tabapuã. Os dados, referentes a 15.358 animais, foram analisados pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita livre de derivadas (DFREML). O modelo para P205 incluiu os efeitos aleatórios aditivos direto e materno e de ambiente permanente e os efeitos fixos de grupo de contemporâneos (fazenda, unidade da federação, sexo, estação e ano de nascimento do animal) e da covariável idade da vaca ao parto (efeitos linear e quadrático). Para P365 e P550, utilizou-se um modelo semelhante, porém sem os efeitos aditivos materno, de ambiente permanente e da idade da vaca. As estimativas de herdabilidade foram iguais a 0,23; 0,21 e 0,15, para P205, P365 e P550, respectivamente. As estimativas de correlações genéticas foram iguais a 0,81 (P205 e P365), 0,83 (P205 e P550) e 0,82 (P365 e P550). As correlações fenotípicas foram menores que as correlações genéticas: 0,43 (P205 e P365), 0,53 (P205 e P550) e 0,62 (P365 e P550). As correlações de ambiente apresentaram os valores de 0,32; 0,27 e 0,58 para as três características, em ordem crescente de idade, respectivamente. Heritability and genetic, phenotypic and environmental correlations for weight at different ages in bovines of tabapuã breed Abstract Knowledge of the genetic, phenotypic and environmental parameters of traits of economical value has fundamental importance for the outlaying of selection programs in beef cattle, because it allows to foresee the possibility of success with selection. The objective of this work was to obtain estimates of heritability and genetic, phenotypic and environmental correlations for body weights at weaning (W205), one year (W365) and 18 months of age (W550) of bovines from Tabapuã breed. The data, referring to 15,358 animals, were analyzed by the derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood (DFREML) method. The model for W205 contained the random effects of animal, sire and dam and the fixed effects of contemporary groups (farm, unit of the federation, sex, season and year of birth of the animal) and the co-variable age of cow at calving (linear and quadratic). For W365 and W550, a similar model was used, however without the maternal effects and the covariable age of the cow. The heritability estimates were 0.23, 0.21 and 0.15, for W205, W365 and W550, respectively. The estimates of genetic correlations were 0.81 (W205 and W365), 0.83 (W205 and W550) and 0.82 (W365 and W550). Phenotypic correlations were, in general, smaller than the genetic correlations: 0.43 (W205 and W365), 0.53 (W205 and W550) and 0.62 (W365 and W550). Environmental correlations were, in increasing order of age, 0.32, 0.27 and 0.58, respectively.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Family Health Strategy on child's health indicators in São Paulo State

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Isoyama Venancio ◽  
Tereza Etsuko da Costa Rosa ◽  
Maria Teresa Cera Sanches ◽  
Elza Yoshie Shigeno ◽  
José Maria Pacheco Souza
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Health Strategy ◽  
Family Health Strategy ◽  
São Paulo State

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the effectiveness of Family Health Strategy (FHS) on child's health indicators in São Paulo State. Methods: longitudinal ecological study involving all the towns in São Paulo State from 1998 to 2009. The outcomes were the coefficients of infant mortality and its components and the rate for pneumonia and diarrhea hospitalizations. The main independent variable was "FHS coverage"; the covariates considered the context of sociodemographic and the health system. Negative binomial regression models of fixed effects and STRATA 11.1 statistical program were used. Results: FHS coverage above 50% showed a protective effect in relation to the postneonatal mortality (RR: 0.93; CI 95%: 0.87-1.00) and coverage up to 50% (RR 0.88 CI95% 0.82-0.99) or above 50% (RR: 0.87; CI95%: 0.82-0.92) were protective factors for pneumonia hospitalizations. Conclusions: the effectiveness of FHS on the outcomes related to child's health may vary according to local and regional contexts.

scholarly journals Conexões políticas e desempenho: um estudo das firmas listadas na BM&FBovespa

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 806-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvio Parodi Oliveira Camilo ◽  
Rosilene Marcon ◽  
Rodrigo Bandeira-de-Mello
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo

Esta pesquisa pretende contribuir para a disseminação dos estudos organizacionais que aliam governança e desempenho das corporações. Integra a perspectiva da dependência de recursos para explicar as conexões políticas das firmas na sua relação com o ambiente. Nesse contexto, foram investigadas três proxies que expressam ações políticas influentes no desempenho doação à campanha política; contratação de membros com background em política para compor a administração (diretoria e conselho); e atividades de board interlocking. O artigo apresenta um estudo longitudinal, estruturado de acordo com os mandatos presidenciais, compreendendo o período de análise de 1998 a 2009, composto por firmas não financeiras listadas na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (BM&FBovespa). Para o teste de hipóteses, foram empregados o modelo multivariado de dados em painel e o método de efeitos fixos (fixed effects), considerando a firma e o tempo. Os resultados apontam que a conectividade com o ambiente político importa em aumento de valor da firma, medidos pelo Q de Tobin (modelos 1 e 2) e Market-to-book (modelos 3 e 4). As firmas fazem uso mais intenso dessas ações em períodos de maior incerteza política. Tais ações políticas são percebidas pelo mercado e refletidas nesses indicadores, que estão associados ao risco e à incerteza.

scholarly journals EFEITO DO AMBIENTE SOBRE O PESO DE BOVINOS DA RAÇA GUZERÁ NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. SOUZA ◽  
C. H. M. MALHADO ◽  
L. O. C. SILVA ◽  
P. B. FERRAZ FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Birth Season ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
De Se ◽  
Sources Of Variation

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a influência dos efeitos não genéticos sobre o peso ao desmame (P205) e aos 365 dias de idade (P365) de bovinos da raça Guzerá criados em condição de pasto no estado de São Paulo. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando-se o método dos quadrados mínimos, procedimento GLM (SAS, 1996), com um modelo matemático contendo os efeitos fixos estação de nascimento, (2 – água e seca), ano de nascimento (21), sexo (2) e a covariável idade da vaca (linear e quadrática); como efeito aleatório, touro aninhado dentro de fazenda (525). Todas as fontes de variação do modelo, exceto a idade da vaca (linear) foram significativas (P < 0,01) para o peso aos 205 dias de idade. Para o peso aos 365 dias apenas a idade da vaca foi não significativa (P > 0,05). A média geral de peso ajustado foi 156,2 2,3 para P205 e 214,4 3,9 para P365. A importância desses efeitos não genéticos sobre o peso aos 205 dias e 365 dias de idade evidenciam a necessidade de se fazer correções para os mesmos quando se pretende realizar seleção dos animais. Environmental effects on weaning weight and yearling weigh in bovine of the guzera breed in the States of Sao Paulo Abstract The objective of the present paper was to study the influence of non genetic effects on the weaning (W205) and the yearling (W365) weights in bovines of the Guzera Breed raised at the State of São Paulo. Statistical analysis was carried out by the least squares method, GLM procedure (SAS, 1996) with a model that included the fixed effects: birth season (2 - water and dry), year of birth (21, sec (2), and the covariable age of dam (linear and quadratic), and random effects, of sire inside the farm (525). All sources of variation of the model, except age of dam, were not significant (< 0.01) to the weaning weight. In regard to the yearling weight, only the age of the dam was not significant (>005) The average of adjusted weights was 156.2 2.3 for W205 and 214.4 3.9 for W365. The importance of these non genetic effects on body weights, in regard to 295 and 365 days of age, indicates the need of adjustments towards this effect for the purpose of breeding selection.

Genetic Regulation of Plasma Levels of Vitamin K-dependent Proteins Involved in Hemostasis

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (01) ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Almasy ◽  
John Blangero ◽  
William Stone ◽  
Montse Borrell ◽  
Teresa Urrutia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Protein S ◽  
P Value ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Environmental Correlation ◽  
Environmental Correlations

SummaryVitamin K-dependent proteins play a critical role in hemostasis. We have analysed the genetic and environmental correlations between measures of several vitamin K-dependent proteins in 21 Spanish extended families, including 397 individuals. Plasma functional levels of factors II, VII, IX, X, protein C and functional protein S were assayed in an automated coagulometer. Antigenic levels of total and free protein S were measured using an ELISA method. A maximum likelihood-based covariance decomposition analysis was used to assess the heritability of each trait and the genetic and environmental correlations between all possible pairs. All of the plasma levels had a significant genetic component (heritability) ranging from 22% to 52% of the phenotypic variance. Among the 28 possible pairs of genetic correlations, 18 were significant at a level of p <0.05 and six exhibited a p-value between 0.05 and 0.10. Positive environmental correlation was observed for 25 of the pairs (p <0.05). We conclude that genetic effects account for a large proportion of the observed phenotypic variation in vitamin K-dependent proteins. Some of the genes appear to pleiotropically influence all of these traits, since most pairs of phenotypes exhibit significant genetic correlation. However, since these phenotypes show a high degree of environmental correlation, it is also likely that the same environmental factors influence them co-jointly.

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