scholarly journals HERDABILIDADE E CORRELAÇÕES GENÉTICAS, FENOTÍPICAS E AMBIENTAIS PARA PESOS EM DIFERENTES IDADES DE BOVINOS DA RAÇA TABAPUÃ

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. FERRAZ FILHO ◽  
A. A. RAMOS ◽  
L. O. C. SILVA ◽  
J. C. SOUZA ◽  
M. M. ALENCAR
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Similar Model ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Abstract Knowledge ◽  
Derivative Free ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Farm Unit ◽  
One Year

O conhecimento dos parâmetros genéticos, fenotípicos e ambientais de características de valor econômico é de fundamental importância para o delineamento de programas de seleção em bovinos de corte, pois permite antever a possibilidade de sucesso com a seleção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter estimativas de herdabilidade e de correlações genéticas, fenotípicas e ambientais, para os pesos ao desmame (P205), aos doze meses (P365) e aos 18 meses (P550) de idade de zebuínos da raça Tabapuã. Os dados, referentes a 15.358 animais, foram analisados pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita livre de derivadas (DFREML). O modelo para P205 incluiu os efeitos aleatórios aditivos direto e materno e de ambiente permanente e os efeitos fixos de grupo de contemporâneos (fazenda, unidade da federação, sexo, estação e ano de nascimento do animal) e da covariável idade da vaca ao parto (efeitos linear e quadrático). Para P365 e P550, utilizou-se um modelo semelhante, porém sem os efeitos aditivos materno, de ambiente permanente e da idade da vaca. As estimativas de herdabilidade foram iguais a 0,23; 0,21 e 0,15, para P205, P365 e P550, respectivamente. As estimativas de correlações genéticas foram iguais a 0,81 (P205 e P365), 0,83 (P205 e P550) e 0,82 (P365 e P550). As correlações fenotípicas foram menores que as correlações genéticas: 0,43 (P205 e P365), 0,53 (P205 e P550) e 0,62 (P365 e P550). As correlações de ambiente apresentaram os valores de 0,32; 0,27 e 0,58 para as três características, em ordem crescente de idade, respectivamente. Heritability and genetic, phenotypic and environmental correlations for weight at different ages in bovines of tabapuã breed Abstract Knowledge of the genetic, phenotypic and environmental parameters of traits of economical value has fundamental importance for the outlaying of selection programs in beef cattle, because it allows to foresee the possibility of success with selection. The objective of this work was to obtain estimates of heritability and genetic, phenotypic and environmental correlations for body weights at weaning (W205), one year (W365) and 18 months of age (W550) of bovines from Tabapuã breed. The data, referring to 15,358 animals, were analyzed by the derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood (DFREML) method. The model for W205 contained the random effects of animal, sire and dam and the fixed effects of contemporary groups (farm, unit of the federation, sex, season and year of birth of the animal) and the co-variable age of cow at calving (linear and quadratic). For W365 and W550, a similar model was used, however without the maternal effects and the covariable age of the cow. The heritability estimates were 0.23, 0.21 and 0.15, for W205, W365 and W550, respectively. The estimates of genetic correlations were 0.81 (W205 and W365), 0.83 (W205 and W550) and 0.82 (W365 and W550). Phenotypic correlations were, in general, smaller than the genetic correlations: 0.43 (W205 and W365), 0.53 (W205 and W550) and 0.62 (W365 and W550). Environmental correlations were, in increasing order of age, 0.32, 0.27 and 0.58, respectively.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF FIXED FACTORS AND ESTIMATION OF GENETIC PARAMETERS OF GROWTH TRAITS FOR MOUNTAIN KIDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermiz & Baper
Keyword(s):  
Variance Components ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Method ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations

Body weights at birth (469), weaning (394) and at six month of age (358) for kids utilized in this study were raised at private project in Duhok governorate, Iraq during two kidding season (2016-2017) and (2017-2018). GLM within SAS programme was used to analyze the data which include the fixed effects (age of doe, year and season of kidding, sex of kid and type of birth, regression on doe weight at kidding, and the regression of later weights of kids on earlier weights) influencing the studied traits. Restricted Maximum Likelihood Method was used to estimate repeatability, heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations after adjusting the records for fixed effects. Variance components of random effects were tested for positive definite. Overall mean of weights at birth (BWT), weaning (WWT) and 6 month of age (WT6M) were 2.92, 15.32 and 24.45 kg, respectively. Differences among groups of age of doe in all studied traits were not significant, while year of kidding and sex of kid affect all traits significantly (p<0.01). Season of kidding affect BWT and WWT significantly (P<0.01). Single born kids were heavier (P<0.01) than twins in BWT only. Regression of BWT on doe weight at kidding (0.033 kg/kg) was significant (P<0.01), while the regressions of WWT and WT6M were not significant. The regression coefficients of WWT on BWT (1.906 kg/kg) and of WT6M on WWT (0.835 kg/kg) were highly significant (P<0.01). Repeatability estimates for BWT, WWT and WT6M were 0.47, 0.45 and 0.35, respectively; on the same order the estimates of heritability were 0.41, 0.61 and 0.79. Genetic correlations between BWT with each of WWT (0.45) and WT6M (0.55), and between WWT and WT6M (0.68) were highly significant. All phenotypic correlations between each pair of body weights were higher than genetic correlations and ranged between 0.48 and 0.73.

scholarly journals CORRELAÇÕES GENÉTICAS, FENOTÍPICAS E DE AMBIENTE ENTRE OS PESOS DE VÁRIAS IDADES EM BOVINOS DA RAÇA GUZERÁ NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. M. MALHADO ◽  
J. C. SOUZA ◽  
L. O. C. SILVA ◽  
P. B. FERRAZ FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Mixing Models ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Environmental Correlation ◽  
Environmental Correlations

Este trabalho tem como finalidade estudar as correlações genéticas, fenotípicas e de ambientes sobre os pesos de animais da raça Guzerá, criados no estado de São Paulo, aos 205 (P205), 365 (P365) e 550 (P550) dias de idade. Para realização das análises estatísticas, utilizouse da metodologia de modelos mistos, programa MTDFREML. O modelo estatístico continha os efeitos aleatórios de animal, touro, vaca e o erro; e, como efeitos fixos de grupo contemporâneo (fazenda, sexo, estação: (água e seca), mês e ano de nascimento do bezerro) e a covariável idade da vaca ao parto (quadrática). As correlações genética foram iguais a 0,75, entre os P205 e P365; 0,61, entre os P205 e P550 e 0,65, entre os P365 e P550. A correlação de ambiente entre os P205 e P365 foi 0,44; para o P205 e P550 foi 0,49; entre P365 e P550 foi 0,66. Os valores obtidos para as correlações fenotípica foram 0,59, 0,42 e 0,65 entre os P205 e P365; P205 e P550; P365 e P550; respectivamente. Os valores obtidos para as correlações genéticas indicam que a seleção para peso em idades jovens deverá promover mudanças nos pesos posteriores de um mesmo animal, apontando que a seleção poderá ser realizada em idades mais jovens. Genetic, phenotypical and environmental correlations between weight and age in the State of Paulo bovines from the guzera breed Abstract The main purpose of the present research work is centered in the study of genetic, phenotypical and environmental correlations regarding the weight of Guzera breed bovines at 205, 365 and 550 days of age. Statistical analysis was carried out by the methodology of mixing models, programs MTDFREML, the statistical model containing the aleatory effects of the animal, sire, cow and the error, and as fixed effects of contemporary group - farm, sex, season, water and drought, the year of birth of the calf, and the covariable age of dam. The genetic correlations was found to be equal do 0.75, 0.61 and 0.65, between P295 and P365. P205 and P550, and P365 and P550, respectively. The environmental correlation between P205 and P365, P205 and P550, and P365 and P550 was 0.44, 0.49 and 0.66, respectively. The phenotypical correlation between P205 and P365, P205 and P550, and P365 and P550 was of 0.59, 0.42, and 0.65, respectively. The values found for the genetic correlations indicate the possibility to select the animals, taking their weight as a parameter, earlier during their life.

Genetic association between cows’ stayability to three years of age and juvenile growth traits in Canadian Angus herds

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Rasali ◽  
G. H. Crow ◽  
J. N. B. Shrestha ◽  
A. D. Kennedy ◽  
A. Brûlé-Babel
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Birth Season ◽  
Angus Cattle ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Direct Genetic Effect ◽  
Maternal Heritability

Bivariate linear animal models were fit using MTDFREML programs for the analysis of cows’ stayability to 3 yr (STAY3, n = 1, 703) as a binary scored trait paired with body weights at birth (BW, n = 6,116), 205-d weaning (WW, n = 5,360,) and 1 yr of age (YW, n = 5250) in Angus cattle. For STAY3, the model included a fixed effect due to herd ×year of cow’s birth along with a random direct genetic effect. For each of BW, WW and YW, the model included fixed effects due to herd ×birth year, birth season, birth type, calf’s sex and the age of dam (as linear and quadratic covariates), while the random effects were direct and maternal genetic effects and permanent maternal environmental effects. Survival analysis revealed that the risk of cows, 10 yr or less in age, being culled from five Canadian Angus herds was highest between 2 and 3 yr of age. The direct heritability (h2) estimates for BW, WW and YW were 0.54, 0.73 and 0.47, respectively, and corresponding maternal heritability estimates were 0.14, 0.33 and 0.13, respectively. Furthermore, the direct h2 estimate for STAY3 from three bivariate analyses was 0.23–0.24. Estimates of direct-maternal genetic correlations of BW, WW and YW were -0.18, -0.70 and -0.39, respectively. The direct genetic correlations of STAY3 with BW, WW and YW were -0.15 to -0.09 indicating that selection for growth would have less detrimental influence on the stayability trait of cows. The correlations of direct genetic effects of STAY3 with maternal genetic effects of BW, WW and YW were between 0.20 and 0.25, indicating their favorable relationships as correlated traits. Key words: Stayability, growth traits, heritability, genetic correlations, beef cattle

Genetic parameters for Australian maternal and dual-purpose meatsheep breeds. III. Liveweight, fat depth and wool production in Coopworth sheep

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
LD Brash ◽  
NM Fogarty ◽  
AR Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Management Group ◽  
Derivative Free ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Group Sex ◽  
Birth Type

Heritability was estimated for weaning liveweight of 7030 Coopworth sheep from 10 flocks representing 92 sires by derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood procedures using an animal model. Similar analyses were used for yearling liveweight and greasy fleece weight with over 4000 animals, fat depth on 2184 animals and fibre diameter on 966 animals. The fixed effects of flock-year-management group, sex, birth type, rearing type and age were significant for most traits. Estimates of heritability were 0.45 � 0 - 07 for weaning liveweight, 0.38 � 0.07 for yearling liveweight, 0 28 � 0.05 for greasy fleece weight, 0.18 � 0 08 for fibre diameter and 0.13 � 0.04 for ultrasonic fat depth at the C site. The genetic correlations of liveweights with greasy fleece weight were positive, but close to zero with fibre diameter. The genetic correlation between greasy fleece weight and fibre diameter was 0.422 � 0.25. Fat depth was highly genetically correlated with liveweights at weaning (0.53 � 0.22) and yearling (0.64 � 0- 20) ages, was highly negatively correlated with fibre diameter (-0.55 � 0.28) and had a small positive genetic correlation with greasy fleece weight (0.15 � 0.34).

scholarly journals Estimates of genetic parameters for growth traits of local Hamra breed threatened with extinction in southwestern arid rangeland of Algeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-441
Author(s):  
Houari Yerou ◽  
Hakim Ouldouelhadj ◽  
Abdelrahmane Berber ◽  
Amine Mokadem ◽  
Bachir Koudad
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Covariance Components ◽  
Variance And Covariance Components

The data base for body weights and growths of 411 Hamra lambs were used to estimate genetic parameters. These lambs were obtained from 31 rams and 493 ewes between 2012 and 2017. Traits analysed were weights at birth (BW), 30 days (W30), 90 days (W90) of age, and average daily gains from 10 to 30 (ADG10-30) and30-90 (ADG30-90) days. REML estimates of variance and covariance components were obtained assuming animal models that included the fixed effects for year-type of birth (2012 single, 2012 twin, . ., 2017 single, 2017 twin), sex (male, female), and ewes age at lambing (< 18, 18-30, 30-42, 42-54, >54 months). Heritabilities were 0.12, 0.06 and 0.11 respectively for BW, W3Oand W90and the average daily gains were 0.05 and 0.17 for ADG0-30and ADG30-90. The estimates of genetic correlations showed no genetic antagonisms among the growth traits. The genetic correlations estimated were positive and medium to high, except those between ADG30-90 and ADG0-30 and between ADG30-90 and W30 which were slightly negative. Phenotypic correlations were positive and ranged from 0.12 to 0.85. They were high between adjacent weights and between ADG and their corresponding weights.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Basic and Composite Reproduction Traits in Guilan Sheep

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahareh Eteqadi ◽  
Navid Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh ◽  
Abdol Ahad Shadparvar
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
The North

Abstract The objective of the present study was to estimate genetic parameters for reproductive traits in Guilan sheep. Data were comprised of 14,534 records of lambs from 136 sires and 2,021 dams which were collected during 1994 to 2011 by the Agriculture Organization of Guilan Province in the north of Iran. The basic reproductive traits were litter size at birth (LSB), litter size at weaning (LSW), litter mean weight per lamb born (LMWLB), and litter mean weight per lamb weaned (LMWLW). The composite reproductive traits were total litter weight at birth per ewe lambing (TLWB) and total litter weight at weaning per ewe lambing (TLWW). The general linear model procedure of SAS was used for determining the fixed effects which had significant effect on the traits under study. The flock-year-season of lambing had significant effect on studied traits (P<0.01). The genetic parameters were estimated with repeatability animal model using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedure of the Wombat program. Direct heritability estimates were 0.00, 0.00, 0.01, 0.01, and 0.03 for LSB, LSW, LMWLW, TLWB, and TLWW, respectively, and corresponding repeatabilities were 0.2, 0.00006, 0.01, 0.972 and 0.034, respectively. Genetic correlation estimates between traits ranged from -0.99 for LSB-LSW to 0.99 for LMWLW-TLWW. Phenotypic correlations ranged from -0.09 for LSB-TLWB to 0.98 for LMWLW-TLWW and environmental correlations ranged from -0.03 for LSW-TLWW to 0.98 for LMWLW-TLWW. The results showed that strong positive genetic correlations of LMWLB and LMWLW with other traits may improve meat production efficiency in Guilan sheep. The low estimates of heritability and repeatability obtained for ewe productivity traits indicate that selection based on the ewe’s own performance may result in slow genetic improvement.

scholarly journals A comparison between different selection indices for some productive traits on Egyptian buffaloes

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. M. Mourad ◽  
A. S. Khattab
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Production Research ◽  
Productive Traits

Abstract. A total of 2 262 normal lactation records of Egyptian buffaloes kept at Mehallet Mousa Farm belonging to Animal Production Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture during the period from 1985 to 2003 were used to estimate phenotypic and genetic parameters for total milk yield (TMY, kg), lactation period (LP, day), birth weight (BW, kg) and weaning weight (WW, kg). In addition, eleven selection indices were constructed. Data were analyzed using multi trait animal model (MTAM). The model included individuals, permanent environmental and errors as random effects, month and year of calving and parity as fixed effects. Heritability estimates were 0.172, 0.134, 0.046 and 0.257 for TMY, LP, BW and WW, respectively. Genetic correlations among all traits studied are positive highly significant and ranged from 0.50 to 0.99. Permanent and temporary environmental correlations among all traits studied are similar to genetic correlations, while the correlations between WW and all traits studied are negative. Eleven selection indices were constructed, index I1 which incorporating TMY, LP, BW and WW or index I2 which incorporating TMY, LP and WW are the best (RIH =0.86), both indices are recommended to improve productive traits in Egyptian buffaloes.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters and genetic gains for reproductive traits of Arabi sheep

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Roshanfekr ◽  
P. Berg ◽  
K. Mohammadi ◽  
Mirza Mohamadi
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Litter Weight

The current study reports, for the first time, the genetic parameters and genetic, phenotypic and environmental correlations and trends of reproductive traits in Arabi sheep. Data were collected at Animal Science Research Station of Khuzestan Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University (ASRSKRANRU), south-west of Iran from 2001 to 2008. Litter size at birth (LSB), litter size at weaning (LSW), litter mean weight per lamb born (LMWLB), litter mean weight per lamb weaned (LMWLW), total litter weight at birth (TLWB) and total litter weight at weaning (TLWW) averaged 1.11 lambs, 1.01 lambs, 3.83 kg, 19.43 kg, 4.16 kg and 20.12 kg, respectively. Genetic parameters and correlations were estimated with univariate and bivariate models using restricted maximum likelihood, breeding values of animals were estimated with best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) and genetic- and phenotypic trends by regression of ewes? average breeding values and phenotypic least square means on year of birth respectively. Random effects were fitted by additive direct genetic effects and permanent environment related to the ewe as well as service sire effects, in addition to fixed effects of ewe age at lambing and lambing year. Heritability estimates of 0.05, 0.02, 0.13, 0.12, 0.04, and 0.06, and repeatability estimates of 0.08, 0.06, 0.17, 0.16, 0.14 and 0.21 for the six traits, respectively. Genetic correlations between traits varied from ?0.82 to 0.94. Phenotypic correlations were lower, ranging from ?0.33 to 0.52. Estimated annual genetic progress was very low; ?0.003 lambs for LSW and 15 g for TLWW. Annual phenotypic trend was only significant for LSW being 0.007 lambs. The study concluded that indirect selection based on total litter weight at weaning could be efficient for the traits studied.

scholarly journals Bayesian estimation of genetic parameters for growth and carcass traits of grass-fed beef cattle by Full Conjugate Gibbs

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-443
Author(s):  
R. J. C. Cantet ◽  
J. P. Steibel ◽  
A. N. Birchmeier ◽  
L. F. Santa Coloma
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Multiple Trait ◽  
Residual Vector ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Angus Cattle ◽  
Retail Cuts

Abstract. Growth and carcass data of Angus cattle were used to estimate heritabilities and genetic and environmental correlations between growth and carcass traits by means of a Bayesian data augmentation (DA) algorithm. Records were taken on 739 Angus steers from 31 sires, during 10 years of a designed progeny test. The cattle were entirely fed on grass during their lifelong. Growth traits evaluated were birth (BW), weaning (WW) and 18-month (W18) weights; and carcass traits were the weights of half the carcass (HCW), of hind "pistola" cut (HPW) and of three retail cuts (ECW). The model used for estimation was a multiple trait additive animal model. The prior densities used in the analyses were the multivariate normal for the fixed effects (with very large variances) and for the breeding values, and the inverted Wishart for the additive and environmental covariance matrices. The observed residual vector was augmented with sampled residuals for missing traits. The total number of samples drawn was 200,000. The heritabilities of growth traits increased with age at measure, and those of carcass traits were of sizeable magnitude. Whereas estimates of the genetic correlations were similar to those found in the literature for cattle fed on concentrates, environmental correlations were lower. Additive correlations between growth traits with either the HPW or ECW, were smaller than the correlations between growth characters and HCW.

scholarly journals Genetic and environmental architecture of conscientiousness in adolescence

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Takahashi ◽  
Anqing Zheng ◽  
Shinji Yamagata ◽  
Juko Ando
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Per Se

AbstractUsing a genetically informative design (about 2000 twin pairs), we investigated the phenotypic and genetic and environmental architecture of a broad construct of conscientiousness (including conscientiousness per se, effortful control, self-control, and grit). These four different measures were substantially correlated; the coefficients ranged from 0.74 (0.72–0.76) to 0.79 (0.76–0.80). Univariate genetic analyses revealed that individual differences in conscientiousness measures were moderately attributable to additive genetic factors, to an extent ranging from 62 (58–65) to 64% (61–67%); we obtained no evidence that shared environmental influences were observed. Multivariate genetic analyses showed that for the four measures used to assess conscientiousness, genetic correlations were stronger than the corresponding non-shared environmental correlations, and that a latent common factor accounted for over 84% of the genetic variance. Our findings suggest that individual differences in the four measures of conscientiousness are not distinguishable at both the phenotypic and behavioural genetic levels, and that the overlap was substantially attributable to genetic factors.

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