scholarly journals Conexões políticas e desempenho: um estudo das firmas listadas na BM&FBovespa

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 806-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvio Parodi Oliveira Camilo ◽  
Rosilene Marcon ◽  
Rodrigo Bandeira-de-Mello
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo

Esta pesquisa pretende contribuir para a disseminação dos estudos organizacionais que aliam governança e desempenho das corporações. Integra a perspectiva da dependência de recursos para explicar as conexões políticas das firmas na sua relação com o ambiente. Nesse contexto, foram investigadas três proxies que expressam ações políticas influentes no desempenho doação à campanha política; contratação de membros com background em política para compor a administração (diretoria e conselho); e atividades de board interlocking. O artigo apresenta um estudo longitudinal, estruturado de acordo com os mandatos presidenciais, compreendendo o período de análise de 1998 a 2009, composto por firmas não financeiras listadas na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (BM&FBovespa). Para o teste de hipóteses, foram empregados o modelo multivariado de dados em painel e o método de efeitos fixos (fixed effects), considerando a firma e o tempo. Os resultados apontam que a conectividade com o ambiente político importa em aumento de valor da firma, medidos pelo Q de Tobin (modelos 1 e 2) e Market-to-book (modelos 3 e 4). As firmas fazem uso mais intenso dessas ações em períodos de maior incerteza política. Tais ações políticas são percebidas pelo mercado e refletidas nesses indicadores, que estão associados ao risco e à incerteza.

scholarly journals DP 0256 - Judicial attitudes under shifting jurisprudence: evidence from Brazil's new drug law of 2006

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Alexandre Samy de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Drug Law ◽  
Drug Offenses ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
Bar Association

This paper exploits the diversity of panels at the court of appeals in the state of São Paulo to address the role of career backgrounds and ideology in shaping the response of judicial decisions to a major shift in jurisprudence on drug offenses. The Brazilian constitution reserves 80% of the seats in appellate courts to career judges, 10% to lawyers and 10% to prosecutors. In practice however, vacancies in panels coupled with backlogs have significantly increased participation of judges sitting by designation in appellate panels - who acted as rapporteurs in as much as 14% of all criminal appeals in São Paulo, between 2009-2013. Former lawyers and prosecutors are appointed by the state governor after nomination processes at the bar association and at the ministerial office. Judges sitting by designation are chosen at the discretion of the court’s highest council and do not retain prerogatives of tenured appellate judges and are typically hired with the purpose of reducing backlogs. Their performance affects their chances of being promoted to the court of appeals, relatively to similar judges that have not been designated. Based on a large dataset of criminal appeals related to drug offenses in the State São Paulo, Brazil, this study exploits the exogenous assignment of cases to rapporteurs, to identify the causal effects of career backgrounds on the response of appellate judges to a major shift in drug jurisprudence, which revoked the prohibition of conversion of confinement punishment in drug offenses introduced by the new drug law of 2006. Estimates of treatment-effects, conditional on case characteristics and panel-specific fixed-effects, confirm that career judges respond favorably to defendants, in line with the jurisprudence shift. Former prosecutors react against the shift, responding unfavorably to defendants. Former lawyers tend to exhibit a mixed behavior, weighing in their preferences as well as strategically favoring predominant “law and order” views. Finally sitting judges behave in a diffident fashion but also favoring prosecution.

scholarly journals CORRELAÇÕES GENÉTICAS, FENOTÍPICAS E DE AMBIENTE ENTRE OS PESOS DE VÁRIAS IDADES EM BOVINOS DA RAÇA GUZERÁ NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. M. MALHADO ◽  
J. C. SOUZA ◽  
L. O. C. SILVA ◽  
P. B. FERRAZ FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Mixing Models ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Environmental Correlation ◽  
Environmental Correlations

Este trabalho tem como finalidade estudar as correlações genéticas, fenotípicas e de ambientes sobre os pesos de animais da raça Guzerá, criados no estado de São Paulo, aos 205 (P205), 365 (P365) e 550 (P550) dias de idade. Para realização das análises estatísticas, utilizouse da metodologia de modelos mistos, programa MTDFREML. O modelo estatístico continha os efeitos aleatórios de animal, touro, vaca e o erro; e, como efeitos fixos de grupo contemporâneo (fazenda, sexo, estação: (água e seca), mês e ano de nascimento do bezerro) e a covariável idade da vaca ao parto (quadrática). As correlações genética foram iguais a 0,75, entre os P205 e P365; 0,61, entre os P205 e P550 e 0,65, entre os P365 e P550. A correlação de ambiente entre os P205 e P365 foi 0,44; para o P205 e P550 foi 0,49; entre P365 e P550 foi 0,66. Os valores obtidos para as correlações fenotípica foram 0,59, 0,42 e 0,65 entre os P205 e P365; P205 e P550; P365 e P550; respectivamente. Os valores obtidos para as correlações genéticas indicam que a seleção para peso em idades jovens deverá promover mudanças nos pesos posteriores de um mesmo animal, apontando que a seleção poderá ser realizada em idades mais jovens. Genetic, phenotypical and environmental correlations between weight and age in the State of Paulo bovines from the guzera breed Abstract The main purpose of the present research work is centered in the study of genetic, phenotypical and environmental correlations regarding the weight of Guzera breed bovines at 205, 365 and 550 days of age. Statistical analysis was carried out by the methodology of mixing models, programs MTDFREML, the statistical model containing the aleatory effects of the animal, sire, cow and the error, and as fixed effects of contemporary group - farm, sex, season, water and drought, the year of birth of the calf, and the covariable age of dam. The genetic correlations was found to be equal do 0.75, 0.61 and 0.65, between P295 and P365. P205 and P550, and P365 and P550, respectively. The environmental correlation between P205 and P365, P205 and P550, and P365 and P550 was 0.44, 0.49 and 0.66, respectively. The phenotypical correlation between P205 and P365, P205 and P550, and P365 and P550 was of 0.59, 0.42, and 0.65, respectively. The values found for the genetic correlations indicate the possibility to select the animals, taking their weight as a parameter, earlier during their life.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Family Health Strategy on child's health indicators in São Paulo State

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Isoyama Venancio ◽  
Tereza Etsuko da Costa Rosa ◽  
Maria Teresa Cera Sanches ◽  
Elza Yoshie Shigeno ◽  
José Maria Pacheco Souza
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Health Strategy ◽  
Family Health Strategy ◽  
São Paulo State

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the effectiveness of Family Health Strategy (FHS) on child's health indicators in São Paulo State. Methods: longitudinal ecological study involving all the towns in São Paulo State from 1998 to 2009. The outcomes were the coefficients of infant mortality and its components and the rate for pneumonia and diarrhea hospitalizations. The main independent variable was "FHS coverage"; the covariates considered the context of sociodemographic and the health system. Negative binomial regression models of fixed effects and STRATA 11.1 statistical program were used. Results: FHS coverage above 50% showed a protective effect in relation to the postneonatal mortality (RR: 0.93; CI 95%: 0.87-1.00) and coverage up to 50% (RR 0.88 CI95% 0.82-0.99) or above 50% (RR: 0.87; CI95%: 0.82-0.92) were protective factors for pneumonia hospitalizations. Conclusions: the effectiveness of FHS on the outcomes related to child's health may vary according to local and regional contexts.

scholarly journals EFEITO DO AMBIENTE SOBRE O PESO DE BOVINOS DA RAÇA GUZERÁ NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. SOUZA ◽  
C. H. M. MALHADO ◽  
L. O. C. SILVA ◽  
P. B. FERRAZ FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Birth Season ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
De Se ◽  
Sources Of Variation

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a influência dos efeitos não genéticos sobre o peso ao desmame (P205) e aos 365 dias de idade (P365) de bovinos da raça Guzerá criados em condição de pasto no estado de São Paulo. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando-se o método dos quadrados mínimos, procedimento GLM (SAS, 1996), com um modelo matemático contendo os efeitos fixos estação de nascimento, (2 – água e seca), ano de nascimento (21), sexo (2) e a covariável idade da vaca (linear e quadrática); como efeito aleatório, touro aninhado dentro de fazenda (525). Todas as fontes de variação do modelo, exceto a idade da vaca (linear) foram significativas (P < 0,01) para o peso aos 205 dias de idade. Para o peso aos 365 dias apenas a idade da vaca foi não significativa (P > 0,05). A média geral de peso ajustado foi 156,2 2,3 para P205 e 214,4 3,9 para P365. A importância desses efeitos não genéticos sobre o peso aos 205 dias e 365 dias de idade evidenciam a necessidade de se fazer correções para os mesmos quando se pretende realizar seleção dos animais. Environmental effects on weaning weight and yearling weigh in bovine of the guzera breed in the States of Sao Paulo Abstract The objective of the present paper was to study the influence of non genetic effects on the weaning (W205) and the yearling (W365) weights in bovines of the Guzera Breed raised at the State of São Paulo. Statistical analysis was carried out by the least squares method, GLM procedure (SAS, 1996) with a model that included the fixed effects: birth season (2 - water and dry), year of birth (21, sec (2), and the covariable age of dam (linear and quadratic), and random effects, of sire inside the farm (525). All sources of variation of the model, except age of dam, were not significant (< 0.01) to the weaning weight. In regard to the yearling weight, only the age of the dam was not significant (>005) The average of adjusted weights was 156.2 2.3 for W205 and 214.4 3.9 for W365. The importance of these non genetic effects on body weights, in regard to 295 and 365 days of age, indicates the need of adjustments towards this effect for the purpose of breeding selection.

scholarly journals Understanding the Effect of Traffic Congestion on Accidents Using Big Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7500
Author(s):  
Santiago Sánchez González ◽  
Felipe Bedoya-Maya ◽  
Agustina Calatayud
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Poisson Model ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
San Salvador

Understanding the temporal and spatial dynamics of traffic accidents are a key determinant in their mitigation. This article leverages big data and a Poisson model with fixed effects to understand the causality of traffic congestion on road accidents in ten cities in Latin America: Bogota, Buenos Aires, Lima, Mexico City, Montevideo, Rio de Janeiro, San Salvador, Santiago, Santo Domingo, and Sao Paulo. Analyzing over 10 billion observations in 2019, results show a positive non-linear causality of congestion on the number of accidents. Overall, the results suggest that a 10% reduction in traffic delay would reduce accidents by 3.4%, equivalent to over 72 thousand traffic accidents. Sao Paulo and Mexico City would be particularly benefited, with reductions of 5.4% and 4.7%, respectively. The results of this paper aim to support policymakers in emerging economies in implementing measures to reduce congestion and, with it, the related direct and indirect costs borne by societies.

scholarly journals Economic voting in Brazilian presidential elections: evidence with panel data from municipalities in São Paulo

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (88) ◽  
pp. 114-137
Author(s):  
Ivan Filipe de Almeida Lopes Fernandes ◽  
Gustavo Andrey de Almeida Lopes Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Economic Voting ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Random Effects Models

Abstract This paper uses a new data panel of 625 Brazilian municipalities over 5 election years to analyze the influence of the local level economic performance on the proportion of votes obtained by the incumbent in national elections. We examine municipalities from the State of São Paulo, the most populous Brazilian state, using fixed-effects and random- effects models. The results suggest that the performance of the local economy is relevant in the national elections. Apart from that, the results also suggest that the mayors play an important role in the national elections when it comes to transfer votes that are favorable to the coalition in power and that the richest municipalities tend to be more opposition prone.

Seasonal Variation of Suicide in the City of São Paulo, Brazil, 1996–2010

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hideki Bando ◽  
Fernando Madalena Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
June July ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

Background: In light of the few reports from intertropical latitudes and their conflicting results, we aimed to replicate and update the investigation of seasonal patterns of suicide occurrences in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Data relating to male and female suicides were extracted from the Mortality Information Enhancement Program (PRO-AIM), the official health statistics of the municipality of São Paulo. Seasonality was assessed by studying distribution of suicides over time using cosinor analyses. Results: There were 6,916 registered suicides (76.7% men), with an average of 39.0 ± 7.0 observed suicides per month. For the total sample and for both sexes, cosinor analysis estimated a significant seasonal pattern. For the total sample and for males suicide peaked in November (late spring) with a trough in May–June (late autumn). For females, the estimated peak occurred in January, and the trough in June–July. Conclusions: A seasonal pattern of suicides was found for both males and females, peaking in spring/summer and dipping in fall/winter. The scarcity of reports from intertropical latitudes warrants promoting more studies in this area.

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