scholarly journals DRYING STUDY OF EUCALYTPTUS STAIGERIANA LEAVES BY MONITORING THE HUMIDITY OF THE DRYER DISCHARGE

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Braga ◽  
A. Starquit ◽  
M. A. Cremasco ◽  
J. O. Brito
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Light Phase ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Humidity Transducer ◽  
Drying Kinetic ◽  
Heavy Phase ◽  
Simultaneous Heat ◽  
Analytical Scale ◽  
Air Humidification

The drying phenomenon can be treated as simultaneous heat and mass transfer in both the light and heavy phases. In the present case, the phenomenon’s evolution is normally observed through the heating of and moisture removal from the heavy phase. On the other hand, while the material is heating, the light phase is cooling and humidifying. The goal of the present work is to present discharge air humidification curves as a function of the drying time for Eucalyptus staigeriana leaves drying experiments. For the air humidification measurements, a dry bulb thermocouple and relative humidity transducer were installed at both the dryer inlet and outlet. The dryer was linked to a data acquisition system, which recorded the dry bulb temperature and the relative humidity with time. These data were later used to calculate the air moisture content at the dryer inlet and outlet. The data obtained by this methodology are compared with the ones from drying kinetic (moisture content removing of the heavy phase along time), acquired by the evolution of wet material weight through the use of an analytical scale.

scholarly journals DRYING STUDY OF EUCALYTPTUS STAIGERIANA LEAVES BY MONITORING THE HUMIDITY OF THE DRYER DISCHARGE

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
N. P. Braga ◽  
A. Starquit ◽  
M. A. Cremasco ◽  
J. O. Brito
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Light Phase ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Humidity Transducer ◽  
Drying Kinetic ◽  
Heavy Phase ◽  
Simultaneous Heat ◽  
Analytical Scale ◽  
Air Humidification

The drying phenomenon can be treated as simultaneous heat and mass transfer in both the light and heavy phases. In the present case, the phenomenon’s evolution is normally observed through the heating of and moisture removal from the heavy phase. On the other hand, while the material is heating, the light phase is cooling and humidifying. The goal of the present work is to present discharge air humidification curves as a function of the drying time for Eucalyptus staigeriana leaves drying experiments. For the air humidification measurements, a dry bulb thermocouple and relative humidity transducer were installed at both the dryer inlet and outlet. The dryer was linked to a data acquisition system, which recorded the dry bulb temperature and the relative humidity with time. These data were later used to calculate the air moisture content at the dryer inlet and outlet. The data obtained by this methodology are compared with the ones from drying kinetic (moisture content removing of the heavy phase along time), acquired by the evolution of wet material weight through the use of an analytical scale.

CATFISH DRYING (Clarias Batraclus) USING ‘TEKO BERSAYAP’ SOLAR DRYER

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Yuwana Yuwana
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Dryer

Experiment on catfish drying employing ‘Teko Bersayap’ solar dryer was conducted. The result of the experiment indicated that the dryer was able to increase ambient temperature up to 44% and decrease ambient relative humidity up to 103%. Fish drying process followed equations : KAu = 74,94 e-0,03t for unsplitted fish and KAb = 79,25 e-0,09t for splitted fish, where KAu = moisture content of unsplitted fish (%), KAb = moisture content of splitted fish (%), t = drying time. Drying of unsplitted fish finished in 43.995 hours while drying of split fish completed in 15.29 hours. Splitting the fish increased 2,877 times drying rate.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Pengeringan Biji Jagung (Zea Mays L.) Menggunakan Alat Pengering Surya Adriyarkara Termodifikasi

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-360
Author(s):  
Athul Fadhli ◽  
Diswandi Nurba ◽  
Raida Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Average Relative Humidity

Abstrak. Jagung merupakan tanaman penghasil karbohidrat terpenting. Pengeringan jagung pipil menggunakan alat pengering merupakan proses untuk menghasilkan jagung pipil yang siap diolah untuk pembuatan tepung jagung dengan batas kadar air tertentu sehingga menghaslkan jagung pipil dengan kualitas yang baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji karakteristik pengeringan biji jagung menggunakan alat pengering surya Termodifikasi. Metode penelitian  menggunakan 3,15 kilogram jagung pipil dengan kadar air awal 22% untuk proses pengeringan. Parameter yang dianalisis terkait alat pengering kolektor surya yaitu temperatur, kelembaban relatif, kecepatan udara dan iradiasi surya, sedangkan parameter yang dianalisis terkait bahan yaitu kadar air, lama waktu pengeringan, laju pengeringan dan organoleptik. Prosedur penelitian terdiri dari pengujian kosong dan pengujian dengan menggunakan jagung pipil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa temperatur rata-rata dalam rak pengering sebelum dilakukan modifikasi yaitu 44,4oC, temperatur rata-rata setelah dilakukan modifikasi yaitu 55,5oC dan temperatur rata-rata rak pengering pada pengeringan menggunakan jagung pipil yaitu 46,96oC. Kelembaban relatif rata-rata dalam rak pengering sebelum dilakukan modifikasi yaitu 40,1%, kelembaban relatif rata-rata dalam rak pengering setelah modifikasi yaitu 35,1% dan kelembaban relatif rata-rata pengeringan menggunakan jagung pipil yaitu 44,45%. Dari hasil pengukuran tersebut menunjukkan bahwa nilai temperatur dan kelembaban pada alat setelah modifikasi lebih baik dibandingkan sebelum alat dimodifikasi. Pengukuran temperatur dan kelembaban relatif terdiri dari 4 titik pengukuran yaitu rak 1A,1B dan rak 2A, 2B. Kecepatan udara rata-rata yang diukur konstan yaitu 0,7 m/s pada ruang pengering, sedangkan lingkungan 1,1 m/s. Total iradiasi surya selama pengeringan yaitu 1848,84 W/m2. Kadar air jagung pipil masing-masing rak yaitu rak 1A 14,29%, rak 1B 14,47%, rak 2A 13,91% dan rak 2B 14,1%. Hasil dari pengujian organoleptik, panelis agak menyukai jagung pipil yang dikeringkan menggunakan alat pengering tersebut.Characteristics of Seed Drying (Zea mays L.) Using a Modified Adriyarkara Solar DryerAbstract. Corn is the most important carbohydrate plant. Drying corn using a drying tool is a process to produce corn that are ready to be processed for making corn flour with a certain water content limit so as to produce corn with good quality. The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of drying of corn kernels using a modified solar dryer. The research method used 3,15 kilogram of corn milled with the initial moisture content of 22% for drying process. The parameters analyzed in relation to solar collector dryers are temperature, relative humidity, air velocity and solar irradiation, while the parameters analyzed are materials such as moisture content, drying time, drying rate and organoleptic. The research procedure consists of unloaded testing and testing using corn. The results showed that the average temperature in the dryer tray before modification was 44,4°C, the average temperature after modification was 55,5°C and the average temperature of the dryer tray on drying using corn was 46,96oC. The average relative humidity in the dryer tray before modification is 40,1%, the average relative humidity in the dryer tray after modification is 35,1% and the average relative humidity of drying using corn is 44,45%. From the measurement results show that the value of temperature and humidity in the tool after modification is better than before. Measurement of temperature and relative humidity consist of 4 point of measurement that is tray 1A, 1B and tray 2A, 2B. Average mean air velocity measured is 0,7 m/s at the dryer room, while the environment is 1,1 m/s. Total solar irradiation during drying is 1848,84 W/m2. Moisture level of corn each shelves tray 1A is 14,29%, tray 1B is 14.47%, tray 2A is 13,91% and tray 2B is 14,1%. As a result of organoleptic testing, panelists rather like dried corn using the dryer.

High humidity air-impingement blanching (HHAIB) improves drying characteristics and quality of ground-cover chrysanthemum heads

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Wu Dai ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Sheng-Lin Yang ◽  
Meng-Da Wen ◽  
Peng-Fei Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Drying Kinetic ◽  
Air Impingement ◽  
Total Flavonoids Content

AbstractEffects of high humidity air-impingement blanching (HHAIB) temperature, relative humidity over a range of application time and drying temperature on air-impingement drying kinetics, colour attributes, browning index, blanching weight loss and total flavonoids content of chrysanthemum heads were studied. HHAIB could shorten the drying time of chrysanthemum heads significantly (p < 0.05) by up to 52% compared to the control group without blanching. Meanwhile blanching humidity has a greater influence on drying kinetic than other blanching parameters. Deff values of samples declined first and rose later with the growth of blanching humidity, while increased continuously with the growth of blanching temperature. The highest growth of total flavonoids content can be up to 21.6% under the HHAIB blanching conditions (110 °C of blanching temperature, 45% of relative humidity, 150 s of blanching time) in comparison with the control group. Lightness of all blanched samples was lower than the control group, and redness and total colour difference under different blanching conditions showed significant differences compared to the control group, while no obvious variation was observed in terms of yellowness values.

scholarly journals Thin Layer Mathematical Modelling of Cob Maize in a Natural Convection Solar Drier

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
M Mukwangole ◽  
I. N. Simate
Keyword(s):  
Natural Convection ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Content Ratio ◽  
Drying Curves ◽  
Maize Cobs

A semi- cylindrical natural convection solar tunnel drier (STD) was used for experiments to dry maize cobs that were partially field- dried. The air temperature recorded in the collector unit was higher than ambient temperature by 15.8oC to 20.8oC and this was effective in reducing the moisture content of maize cobs from 30 % wet basis to safe level storage moisture content of 12.5 % wet basis. Averages of solar radiation recorded during the experiments ranged from 585.6 W/m2 to 759.8 W/m2. The averages of relative humidity that prevailed in the drying unit ranged from 6.8 % to 18.2 % whereas the ambient relative humidity averaged from 27.3 % to 43.7 %. Drying time was examined with moisture content ratio as exponential and polynomial correlations. Fourteen different drying mathematical models available in literature were compared using their coefficients of determination to estimate solar drying curves. Based on statistical analysis of the results, Midilli drying model had the best fit to the experimental drying data of maize with a coefficient of determination R2= 0.99912 as compared to other models. 

Moisture Transport Mechanism and Drying Kinetic of Fresh Harvested Red Onion Bulbs under Dehumidified Air

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Asiah ◽  
Mohamad Djaeni ◽  
Ching Lik Hii
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Moisture Diffusion ◽  
Moisture Diffusivity ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Unsteady State ◽  
Mass Transfer Model ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Onion Bulbs ◽  
Drying Kinetic

AbstractDrying plays an important role in post-harvest handling of onion for prolonging storage time. This research focuses on the drying studies of red onion bulbs using dehumidified air. The works were carried out by observing the microscopic structure of red onion bulbs layer and followed by developing mass transfer model for moisture diffusion during drying. Moisture diffusivity was estimated from drying experiments conducted at various temperatures (40, 50 and 60 °C) using the unsteady state solutions of Fick’s second law model. The diffusivity values were used to predict the drying kinetics as well as effective drying time for different air relative humidity. Results showed that combination of low relative humidity and low drying temperature significantly improved drying rate and reduced drying time.

The Artificial Drying of Lightly Salted Codfish

1955 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Legendre
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Salted Fish ◽  
The Press

The mechanical drying of lightly salted fish must be carried out by successive drying periods and press-piling. This procedure considerably reduces the drying time. Best results are obtained at a temperature of 80°F., and at an air velocity of 300 to 400 linear feet per minute. The relative humidity of the drying atmosphere should be maintained at about 50–55 per cent during the first drying period and 60–65 per cent during all subsequent ones. The first drying period should be of sufficient length to reduce the moisture content of the fish to about 55–60 per cent. The operation is then completed by successive 12-hour drying periods. Cross-piling during the press-piling period is important as it gives a product of better quality.

scholarly journals Batch drying of sliced tomatoes at specific ambient conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Jafar Royen ◽  
Abdul Wasim Noori ◽  
Juma Haydary
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Drying Time

Abstract In this work, drying of tomato slices was studied in a laboratory scale batch dryer working at conditions specific for geographical locations with low ambient pressure and low relative humidity of air. Tomato is a perishable farm product with high moisture content. Despite their high value, tomatoes are subjected to wastage and spoilage during their seasonal period; to last longer after harvested, they need to be treated by drying. Drying is one of the most widely used methods of tomato preserving for a longer period of time. This study involves experimental work on tomatoes drying in a tray laboratory batch dryer with the dimensions of (490 × 330 × 310) mm, a load cell-force sensor (range: 0–5 kg), fan (speed: 0–2500 rpm), air flow sensor (0–150 l/min) and a temperature and humidity monitoring system. This study was aimed at the development of a suitable drying method for the production of dehydrated agricultural products under specific air properties and climate conditions such as low ambient pressure and low relative humidity. During the experiment, the average ambient pressure was 82 kPa, and the average relative humidity of air was 20 %. Drying characteristics of tomato slices were determined at three temperature levels, namely: 50 °C, 60 °C and 70 °C,and three air flow rates: 30 l/s, 40 l/s and 50 l/s, for each temperature level. In this study, the effect of temperature, air flow rate, and ambient conditions on the drying rate of tomato slices were studied. The results indicate that during the experiments, tomatoes were dried to the final moisture content of 32.2 % from 92 %. Drying time at 50 °C, 60 °C and 70°C, and air flow of 30 l/s was 17.80 h, 15.80 h, and 14.08 h, respectively. For the air flow rate of 40 l/s, the drying time was 15.0 h, 12.9 h and 11.7 h and for the air flow rate of 50 l/s, the drying time of tomato slices was 14.0 h, 11.6 h and 10.2 h, respectively.

scholarly journals Design and Development of Fish Natural Convection Drying Facility

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel A. Bajet, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Convection ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Convection Dryer ◽  
Drying Chamber

Fish drying facility was designed, developed and tested to determine itsperformance, and characterization as a natural convection dryer for stunted tilapia.Parameters in the study were air temperature, relative humidity, drying chamber,moisture content, drying time, capacity and rate. Experimental research design wasused and materials includes, lumber painted in black and used as frames, plasticscreen mesh, cellophane, black plain sheet and stones.. Findings disclosed that dryingrate were noted at the highest during first two hours internal with an average dryingrate of 7.20 grams per minute. Average drying rate after the three trials was 2.63grams per minute. The moisture content of the samples was reduced from 92.68%-75.23% during the 20 hours of drying and weights of fish samples were also reducedfrom 20 to 15 kilograms. Further, results on relative humidity was higher at theupper trays compared that the lower trays. Return of investment was 72% and has apayback period of 0.05 year. Keywords: Renewable Energy, Project and Experimental Research, NaturalConvection Dryer, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur, Philippines

scholarly journals Development of Static Flat-bed Batch Dryer for Small Scale Grain Drying

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Lubna Sadaf Anchal ◽  
Abhinav Dubey ◽  
Prasanna Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Heating Chamber ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Grain Drying

A Static Flat Bed Batch Dryer was developed at Department of Agricultural Engineering GKVK, Bangalore with a capacity of 20 kg and mainly to be used for drying paddy from harvesting moisture content (20 – 22%) to 12% for safe storage. The dryer mainly consists of Blower, Heating chamber, Plenum chamber and drying chamber. Drying characteristics such as drying rate, drying time and temperature of inlet air were studied for paddy grain and results were analysed. The decrease in moisture content, static pressure developed in the dryer and relative humidity in the dryer was studied at two different air flow rates of 1 m3/min and 1.26 m3/min. It was observed that the moisture reduction up to the desired 12% was completed in 90 minutes of operation of the dryer. The relative humidity of drying air inside the dryer as well as the static pressure was found to decrease with time. The developed technology is low cost and can be easy constructed at farm level.

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