ESTRUTURA E PADRÃO ESPACIAL DA VEGETAÇÃO EM UMA ÁREA DE CAATINGA

A vegetação do Nordeste revela carência relacionada ao manejo florestal da Caatinga. Objetivou-se estudar o padrão espacial de espécies e estrutura da vegetação em área de Caatinga, localizada no município de Floresta, PE. Em uma área de aproximadamente 10 ha, com histórico de perturbação, foram instaladas 20 parcelas de 20 x 20 m, de forma sistemática. Todas as árvores com CAP a 1,30 m do solo ≥ 6 cm foram identificadas e tiveram suas circunferências e alturas mensuradas. Foram encontradas 18 espécies arbóreas, distribuídas em 15 gêneros, dentro de 6 famílias botânicas, com índice de diversidade de Shannon (H') de 2,11 nats.ind-1, e área basal total estimada de 4,53 m2.ha-1. Destacaram-se as famílias Fabaceae, com 48,93% dos indivíduos, e Euphorbiaceae, com 41,28%. As espécies Poincianella bracteosa (Tul.) L. P. Queiroz, Croton rhamnifolius Kunth, Manihot cartaginenses subsp. glaziovii (Muell. Arg.) Allem. e Mimosa ophtalmocentra Mart. ex Benth somaram 55% do total do valor de importância. A maioria das espécies apresentou distribuição agregada, exceto algumas, como Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. Allem. para o índice de McGuinnes (IGA), Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) J. B. Gillett para McGuinnes (IGA) e Payandeh (Pi) e Manihot cartaginenses subsp. glaziovii (Muell. Arg.) Allem. para Fracker e Brischle (Ki), que obtiveram tendência ao agrupamento.Palavras-chave: Semiárido; Pernambuco; distribuição espacial.AbstractStructure and spatial pattern of vegetation in a caatinga area. Forest management deficiency in relation to Northeast vegetation, specifically caatinga, are remarkable. This research aims to analyze spatial patterns of species and vegetation structure in Caatinga area, located in the municipality of Floresta-PE. In an area of approximately 10 ha, and a history of disturbance, 20 plots (20 x 20 m) were installed in systematic way. All trees with CAP (at 1.30 m above the ground) ≥ 6 cm had been identified, and their circumferences and heights measured. 18 tree species were sampled, distributed in 15 genus, within 6 botanical families, with diversity index of Shannon (H ') of 2.11 nats / ind, and estimated total basal area of 4, 53 m2.ha-1. The highlighted families were Fabaceae, 48.93% of individuals, and Euphorbiaceae 41.28%. The species Poincianella bracteosa (Tul.) L.P.Queiroz, Croton rhamnifolius Kunth, Manihot cartaginenses Subsp. glaziovii (Muell. Arg.) Allem., and Mimosa ophtalmocentra Mart. ex Benth totalized 55% of the total value of importance. Most species revealed aggregated distribution, except some like Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. Allem. for the McGuinness index (IGA), Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) J.B.Gillett for McGuinness (IGA) and Payandeh (Pi), and Manihot cartaginenses Subsp. glaziovii (Muell. Arg.) Allem. for Fracker and Brischle (Ki), which obtained grouping tendency.Keywords: Semiarid; Pernambuco; spatial distribution.

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Floristic Variation of Tree Communities and Their Association with Soil Properties in Pulau Jerejak, Penang, Peninsular Malaysia

Science Letters ◽

10.24191/sl.v14i1.7899 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Faezah Pardi

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Basal Area ◽

Peninsular Malaysia ◽

Importance Value ◽

Conservation Action ◽

Endangered Tree ◽

Endangered Tree Species ◽

Tree Communities ◽

Floristic Variation

This study was conducted at Pulau Jerejak, Penang to determine the floristic variation of its tree communities. A 0.5-hectare study plot was established and divided into 11 subplots. A total of 587 trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) of 5 cm and above were measured, identified and recorded. The tree communities comprised of 84 species, 63 genera and 32 families. The Myrtaceae was the most speciose family with 10 recorded species while Syzgium glaucum (Myrtaceae) was the most frequent species. The Myrtaceae recorded the highest density of 306 individuals while Syzgium glaucum (Myrtaceae) had the highest species density of 182 individuals. Total tree basal area (BA) was 21.47 m2/ha and family with the highest BA was Myrtaceae with 5.81 m2/ha while at species level, Syzgium glaucum (Myrtaceae) was the species with the highest total BA in the plot with value of 4.95 m2/ha. The Shannon˗Weiner Diversity Index of tree communities showed a value of 3.60 (H'max = 4.43) and Evenness Index of 0.81 which indicates high uniformity of tree species. The Margalef Richness Index (R') revealed that the tree species richness was 13.02. Myrtaceae had the highest Importance Value of 20.4%. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that Diospyros buxifolia (Ebenaceae) and Pouteria malaccensis (Sapotaceae) were strongly correlated to low pH. Dysoxylum cauliflorum (Meliaceae) and Eriobotrya bengalensis (Rosaceae) were correlated to phosphorus (P) and calcium ion (Ca2+), respectively. Therefore, the trees species composition at Pulau Jerejak showed that the biodiversity is high and conservation action should be implemented to protect endangered tree species. Keywords: Floristic variation; Tree communities; Trees composition; Pulau Jerejak; Species diversity

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Spatial Patterns of Urban Innovation and Their Evolution from Perspectives of Capacity and Structure: Taking Shenzhen as an Example

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information ◽

10.3390/ijgi11010007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Erjie Hu ◽

Di Hu ◽

Handong He

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Spatial Pattern ◽

Distribution Pattern ◽

Spatial Patterns ◽

Spillover Effect ◽

Tertiary Industry ◽

Innovation Capacity ◽

Structure Index ◽

Secondary Industry ◽

Spatial Spillover Effect

Innovation is a key factor for a country’s overall national strength and core competitiveness. The spatial pattern of innovation reflects the regional differences of innovation development, which can provide guidance for the regional allocation of innovation resources. Most studies on the spatial pattern of innovation are at urban and above spatial scale, but studies at urban internal scale are insufficient. The precision and index of the spatial pattern of innovation in the city needs to be improved. This study proposes to divide spatial units based on geographic coordinates of patents, designs the innovation capability and innovation structure index of a spatial unit and their calculation methods, and then reveals the spatial patterns of innovation and their evolutionary characteristics in Shenzhen during 2000–2018. The results show that: (1) The pattern of innovation capacity of secondary industry exhibited a pronounced spatial spillover effect with a positive spatial correlation. The innovation capacity and innovation structure index of the secondary industry evolved in a similar manner; i.e., they gradually extended from the southwest area to the north over time, forming a tree-like distribution pattern with the central part of the southwest area as the “root” and the northwest and northeast areas as the “canopy”. (2) The pattern of innovation capacity of tertiary industry also had a significant spatial spillover effect with a positive spatial correlation. There were differences between the evolutions of innovation capacity and innovation structure index of tertiary industry. Specifically, its innovation capacity presented a triangular spatial distribution pattern with three groups in the central and eastern parts of the southwest area and the south-eastern part of the northwest area as the vertices, while its innovative structure showed a radial spatial distribution pattern with the southwestern part of the southwest area as the source and a gradually sparse distribution toward the northeast. (3) There were differences between the evolution modes of secondary and tertiary industries. Areas with high innovation capacity in the secondary industry tended to be more balanced, while areas with high innovation capacity in the tertiary industry did not necessarily have a balanced innovation structure. Through the method designed in this paper, the spatial pattern of urban innovation can be more precise and comprehensive revealed, and provide useful references for the development of urban innovation.

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Vegetation structure and floristic composition of tree species in the habitat of Scaphium macropodum in Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210720 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

Author(s):

ARIDA SUSILOWATI ◽

DENI ELFIATI ◽

HENTI HENDALSTUTI RACHMAT ◽

KUSUMADEWI SRI YULITA ◽

ADI NURUL HADI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Vegetation Structure ◽

National Park ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Good Condition ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Line Transect ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Limited Information ◽

Wiener Diversity Index

Abstract. Susilowati A, Elfiati D, Rachmat HH, Yulita KS, Hadi AN, Kusuma YS, Batu SAL. 2020. Vegetation structure and floristic composition of tree species in the habitat of Scaphium macropodum in Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3025-3033. Scaphium macropodum (Miq.) Beumee Ex K Heyne is a member of Malvaceae tree species and globally recognized as malva nut and locally known as ‘kembang semangkok’, ‘tempayang’, ‘merpayang’ or ‘kepayang’. The nut of S. macropodum has many benefits for medicinal purposes, yet destructive extraction of this tree species has led them to extinction. Among its natural distribution in Indonesia, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia is known as its original range, but there is limited information about the existence of this species. This study aimed to determine the vegetation structure of some tree species in the habitat of S. macropodum in Sikundur, Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia. Purposive sampling technique was employed by creating line transect at some forest areas where the population of S. macropodum is known to grow naturally. Four line transects with each transect consisting of five plots with nested plots within were established to record data at four growth stages, resulting in 80 plots in total. The results showed that the Important Value Index (IVI) of S. macropodum within the floristic community at the studied area was 21.98, 13.85, 27.30, and 39.60 for tree, pole, sapling, and seedlings stages, respectively. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H) were 3.80, 3.70, 3.06 and 2.45, Index of evenness (E) are 0.94, 0.92, 0.86, 0.77 and the Index of Richness (R) are 11.76, 10.73, 6.59, 4.10 for tree, pole, sapling, and seedlings stages. This result suggests that the natural population of S. macropodum in Sikundur forest was still in good condition at all stages from tree to seedling.

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The possibility of reclamation criteria success in Indonesia: soil condition, vegetation structure and species composition

Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management ◽

10.15243/jdmlm.2021.091.3201 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 3201-3210

Author(s):

Tedi Yunanto ◽

Farisatul Amanah ◽

Nabila Putri Wisnu

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Vegetation Structure ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Basal Area ◽

Mineral Resources ◽

Soil Condition ◽

Mine Reclamation ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Standard Interval ◽

Chemical Conditions

There are two regulations for mine reclamation success in the forestry area in Indonesia, namely Minister of Forestry Regulation No. P.60/Menhut-II/2009 and Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Decree No. 1827.K/30/MEM/2018. Both regulations rule vegetation and soil success. This study aims to analyse criteria parameters from both regulations in the mine reclamation and compare them to the surrounding secondary natural forest (SNF). This study was conducted in 6 six types of mine reclamation stand structures: 1, 4, 6, 9, 11-year-old plantation and SNF using 1 hectare of the circular plot each (total 6 ha). Soil samples were collected from 40 cm depth to analyse physical, biological and chemical conditions. Mine reclamation areas had almost similar physical, biological and chemical soil conditions with SNF. Nevertheless, due to the potential acid-forming (PAF) material from overburden, the 1-year-old plantation had pH = 3.23-3.27. The highest diversity index and the number of species and families in all reclamation areas were H’ = 1.82 (11-year-old); 14 species (9-year-old); and 11 families (9-year-old), comparing with SNF were H’ = 3.48; 67 species, and 31 families. Conversely, vegetation structure parameters in mine reclamation areas were higher than SNF (diameter at height breast (DBH; 1.3 m) = 28.42 cm; tree density = 469/ha; basal area = 35.04 m2/ha; and total height = 16.85 m). Compared to the SNF, vegetation structure and soil conditions are mostly possible for mine reclamation success. Still, species composition needs to be considered further as a standard interval to meet the criteria.

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TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY IN A PRISTINE MONTANE FOREST PREVIOUSLY UNTOUCHED BY HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN FOJA MOUNTAINS, PAPUA, INDONESIA

REINWARDTIA ◽

10.14203/reinwardtia.v17i2.3546 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Asep Sadili ◽

Kuswata Kartawinata ◽

Herwasono Soedjito ◽

Edy Nasriadi Sambas

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Tree Species ◽

Human Activities ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Basal Area ◽

Montane Forest ◽

Tree Species Diversity ◽

Importance Value ◽

Montane Forests ◽

Species Area

ADILI, A., KARTAWINATA, K., SOEDJITO, H. & SAMBAS, E. N. 2018. Tree species diversity in a pristine montane forest previously untouched by human activities in Foja Mountains, Papua, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 17(2): 133‒154. ‒‒ A study on structure and composition of the pristine montane forest previously untouched by human activities was conducted at the Foja Mountains in November 2008. We established a one-hectare plot divided into 100 subplots of 10 m × 10 m each. We enumerated all trees with DBH ≥ 10 cm which diameters were measured, heights were estimated and habitats were noted. We recorded 59 species, 42 genera and 27 families, comprising 693 trees with the total basal area (BA) of 41.35 m2/ha. The forest had lower species richness compared to those of lowland forests in Kalimantan, and Sumatra and montane forests in West Java. The Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index was 3.22. Nothofagus rubra (Importance Value, IV=47.89%) and Parinari corymbosa (IV=40.3%) were the dominant species, constituting the basis for designating the forest as the Nothofagus rubra - Parinari corymbosa association. To date, the dominance of N. rubra is unique to the Foja Mountains, as elsewhere in Papua the montane forests were dominated by N. pullei or other species. The species-area curve indicated a minimal area of 5000 m2. On the family level Fagaceae (IV=53.23%), Chrysobalanaceae (IV=40.53%) and Myristicaceae (IV=26.43%) were dominant. Verti-cally the forest consisted of four strata (A–D). In each stratum Nothofagus rubra, Platea latifolia, Parinari corymbosa and Myristica hollrungii were dominant. The diameter class distribution of Nothofagus rubra, Parinari corymbosa and Platea latifolia led us to assume that these species were regenerating well.

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Stand structure indices as tools to support forest management: an application in Trentino forests (Italy)

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/75/2012-jfs ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 59 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 159-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

F. Pastorella ◽

A. Paletto

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Forest Management ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Species Composition ◽

Tree Species ◽

Stand Structure ◽

Composite Index ◽

Mutual Position ◽

Tree Species Composition ◽

North East

Stand structure and species diversity are two useful parameters to provide a synthetic measure of forest biodiversity. The stand structure is spatial distribution, mutual position, diameter and height differentiation of trees in a forest ecosystem and it highly influences habitat and species diversity. The forest stand and species diversity can be measured through indices that provide important information to better address silvicultural practices and forest management strategies in the short and long-term period. These indices can be combined in a composite index in order to evaluate the complex diversity at the stand level. The aim of the paper is to identify and to test a complex index (S-index) allowing to take into account both the tree species composition and the stand structure. S-index was applied in a case study in the north-east of Italy (Trentino province). The results show that the Norway spruce forests in Trentino province are characterized by a medium-low level of complexity (S-index is in a range between 0.14 and 0.46) due to a low tree species composition rather than to the stand structure (diametric differentiation and spatial distribution of trees).  

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SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND STRUCTURAL VARIATION OF Copaifera arenicola IN A CAATINGA FRAGMENT

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v50i3.65583 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 1660

Author(s):

Dráuzio Correia Gama ◽

Robério Anastácio Ferreira ◽

Janisson Batista de Jesus ◽

José Monteiro do Nascimento Júnior

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Tree Species ◽

Structural Variation ◽

Basal Area ◽

Stable Population ◽

Distribution Analysis ◽

Expansion Phase ◽

Breast Height ◽

Absolute Density ◽

Univariate Function

The study of spatial distribution of tree populations has proven to be important for revealing how individuals are horizontally organized in the environment, facilitating the structural understanding and forms of colonization and dispersion of propagules. The present work aimed at studying the pattern of spatial distribution of tree species Copaiferaarenicola [(Ducke) J. Costa e L.P.Queiroz] and its structural relation with the altimetric profile in a Caatinga fragment in Ribeira do Pombal municipality, Bahia. Census of all individuals in the area with circumference at breast height (CBH) ≥ 6 cm was performed. The spatial distribution analysis was conducted for the whole population using Ripley K univariate function, with maximum search radius (h) of 128 m. 409 individuals were found, corresponding to absolute density of 89.49 ind. ha-1 and 0.681 m². ha-1 of basal area. The group of C. arenicola individuals corresponds to a stable population in expansion phase, presenting higher number of young and medium individuals. The pattern of spatial distribution of individuals in the area under study was the uniform arrangement. None of the altimetric classes of the area had a different influence on the structure and distribution of arboreal individuals.

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Impact of Eidolon helvum on roost trees on UENR campus

Journal of Energy and Natural Resource Management ◽

10.26796/jenrm.v2i0.43 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 44-50

Author(s):

E. Danquah

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Canopy Cover ◽

Basal Area ◽

Tree Height ◽

Tectona Grandis ◽

Tree Canopy ◽

Species Diversity Index ◽

Tree Canopy Cover ◽

Occupied Zone

Four sample plots, each of size 20m by 20m were systematically distributed in two strata (i.e. two plots in bat-occupied zone andthe remaining two plots in bat-unoccupied zone, to serve as control units). Using six (20m × 20m) sample plots each, basal area,canopy, and heights of trees with DBH 1m were measured. Fourteen individual trees were recorded in the bat-unoccupied zone,resulting in only seven tree species. On the other hand, 16 tree species, corresponding to a total of 25 trees were recorded in thebat occupied zone. Albizia zygia, Antiaris toxicaria, Azadiractha indicia, Holarrhena floribunda, Morinda lucinda, and Sterculiatragacantha were common to both zones. The Shannon Wiener species diversity index was found to be higher (H1=1.92) in batoccupied zones and lower (H1=1.45) in bat-unoccupied zone. Estimates of tree basal area and tree height were much higherin bat occupied zones compared to bat-unoccupied zones. (Mann-Whitney U test: U = 573.0, p < 0.05), tree basal area (U= 674.0, p < 0.05), tree height (U = 632.0, p < 0.05) and tree canopy cover (U = 329.0, p < 0.05). Holarrhena floribunda(0.34 m2/h) and Ceiba pentandra (0.22m2/ha) contributed the largest basal area (32.94% of the total basal area) whilst Sennasiamea (0.01m2/ha) and Tectona grandis (0.01m2/ha) yielded the smallest basal area (1.17%). In general, bats seem to greatlypatronize areas with higher densities of tall trees than relatively open areas with shorter trees.

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Potential impact of climate change on the spatial distribution of key forest tree species in Italy under RCP4.5 for 2050s

10.21203/rs.3.rs-20281/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Matteo Pecchi ◽

Maurizio Marchi ◽

Marco Moriondo ◽

Giovanni Forzieri ◽

Marco Ammoniaci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Species Richness ◽

Forest Management ◽

Tree Species ◽

Climate Models ◽

Forest Growth ◽

Mixed Stands ◽

Impact Of Climate Change ◽

Potential Impact

Abstract Background: Forests provide a range of ecosystem services essential for the human wellbeing and their ability is influenced by climate background and further connected to forest management strategies. Italy is a well-known biodiversity hotspot but an uncertainty assessment of the potential impact of climate change is still missing in this country. The aim of this paper is model the potential impact of climate change on 19 tree species occurring across the Italian forests using a species distribution modelling approach, six different Global Circulation Models (GCMs) and one Regional Climate Models (RCMs) for 2050s under an intermediate forcing scenario (RCP 4.5). Results: While no sensible variation in the spatial distribution of the total forested area has been predicted with some tree species gaining space and covering the spatial contractions of others, results showed substantial differences between each species and different climate models. The analyses reported an unchanged amount of total land suitability to forest growth in mountain areas while smaller values were predicted for valleys and floodplains than high-elevation areas. Pure woods were predicted as the most influenced when compared with mixed stands which are characterized by a greater species richness and therefore a supposed higher level of biodiversity and resilience to climate change threatens. Pure softwood stands (e.g. Pinus, Abies) were more sensitive than hardwoods (e.g. Fagus, Quercus), probably due to their artificial origin which established pure stands with tree species generally more prone to admixture with others in (semi)-natural ecosystems.Conclusions: Forest management could play a fundamental role to reduce the potential impact of climate change on forest ecosystems. Silvicultural practices should be aimed at increasing the species richness and favouring hardwoods currently growing as dominating species under conifers canopy, stimulating the natural regeneration, gene flow and supporting (spatial) migration processes.

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Growth and survival dynamics of partially cut northern hardwood stands as affected by precut competition and spatial distribution of residual trees

Forestry An International Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1093/forestry/cpz051 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Guillaume Moreau ◽

Alexis Achim ◽

David Pothier

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Spatial Pattern ◽

Basal Area ◽

Competitive Environment ◽

Marginal Effect ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Permanent Sample Plots ◽

Northern Hardwood ◽

Partial Harvesting ◽

Individual Trees

Abstract Modelling growth and survival dynamics after partial harvesting must take account of the heterogeneous spatial pattern of residual trees that results from the presence of machinery trails. We used data from 23 permanent sample plots in northern hardwood stands to reconstruct the growing environment of individual trees before and after partial harvesting. We modelled harvest probability, growth response and survival probability using a complementary set of explanatory variables that was assembled to reflect the spatial distribution of trees and skid trails prior to and after harvest. Results showed that the distribution of harvested trees was concentrated in skid trails and in their close vicinity. However, this spatial pattern had no significant effect on either the post-cut basal area increment (BAI) or the survival of residual trees. BAI and survival of individual trees were both mostly related to the competitive environment prior to harvest, while post-cut changes in competitive environment had only a marginal effect on growth and survival dynamics. We conclude that selection cuts did not substantially increase the growth and survival of residual trees, likely because tree removal was mostly concentrated near skid trails, where the negative effects of machinery access were highest.

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