The possibility of reclamation criteria success in Indonesia: soil condition, vegetation structure and species composition

There are two regulations for mine reclamation success in the forestry area in Indonesia, namely Minister of Forestry Regulation No. P.60/Menhut-II/2009 and Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Decree No. 1827.K/30/MEM/2018. Both regulations rule vegetation and soil success. This study aims to analyse criteria parameters from both regulations in the mine reclamation and compare them to the surrounding secondary natural forest (SNF). This study was conducted in 6 six types of mine reclamation stand structures: 1, 4, 6, 9, 11-year-old plantation and SNF using 1 hectare of the circular plot each (total 6 ha). Soil samples were collected from 40 cm depth to analyse physical, biological and chemical conditions. Mine reclamation areas had almost similar physical, biological and chemical soil conditions with SNF. Nevertheless, due to the potential acid-forming (PAF) material from overburden, the 1-year-old plantation had pH = 3.23-3.27. The highest diversity index and the number of species and families in all reclamation areas were H’ = 1.82 (11-year-old); 14 species (9-year-old); and 11 families (9-year-old), comparing with SNF were H’ = 3.48; 67 species, and 31 families. Conversely, vegetation structure parameters in mine reclamation areas were higher than SNF (diameter at height breast (DBH; 1.3 m) = 28.42 cm; tree density = 469/ha; basal area = 35.04 m2/ha; and total height = 16.85 m). Compared to the SNF, vegetation structure and soil conditions are mostly possible for mine reclamation success. Still, species composition needs to be considered further as a standard interval to meet the criteria.

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Effects of biomass extraction on vegetation structure, diversity and composition of forests in Sariska Tiger Reserve, India

Environmental Conservation ◽

10.1017/s0376892905002316 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 248-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

RAMAN KUMAR ◽

GHAZALA SHAHABUDDIN

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Species Composition ◽

Vegetation Structure ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Canopy Cover ◽

Basal Area ◽

Vegetation Types ◽

Tiger Reserve ◽

Scrub Forest ◽

Structure Diversity

Despite the fact that tropical dry forests are being exploited on a large scale for various forest products, there has been limited evaluation of the accompanying ecological impacts. In particular, there is no information on the effects of widespread biomass extraction such as grazing and firewood collection. A study was carried out in Sariska Tiger Reserve in northern India, to investigate the effects of biomass extraction on forest vegetation composition, diversity and structure. Biomass extraction caused significant changes in forest vegetation structure and species composition in the tree layer but the extent of these changes varied across the three major vegetation types found in the Reserve. Anogeissus-dominated slope forest showed significantly lower mean canopy cover, tree density, tree basal area and height of trees in disturbed sites in comparison to undisturbed sites. Riparian forest showed lower mean canopy cover, tree basal areas and number of recorded tree species in disturbed sites. Scrub forest had lower mean canopy cover, tree basal area and tree height. There were fewer tall trees but greater number of short trees in disturbed sites of all three vegetation types. Girths of trees similarly shifted towards lower values in riparian and scrub forest. In Anogeissus-dominated forest, disturbed and undisturbed sites did not differ in proportions of trees in various girth-classes. Tree species richness was substantially lower in disturbed sites of Anogeissus-dominated and riparian forest in comparison to undisturbed sites, but was not affected by disturbance in scrub forest. Understorey species richness was higher in disturbed sites of all three vegetation types but understorey changed structurally only in Anogeissus-dominated forest. Overall tree and understorey species composition was significantly different between disturbed and undisturbed sites of Anogeissus-dominated forest, but was unchanged in scrub and riparian forest. Observed changes in vegetation structure, diversity and composition of the different vegetation types due to biomass extraction have implications for biodiversity conservation in tropical dry forest ecosystems, and need to be addressed in future forest management planning.

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Riparian vegetation structure and soil variables in Pandeiros river, Brazil

Rodriguésia ◽

10.1590/2175-7860201970002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nathalle Cristine Alencar Fagundes ◽

Marly Antonielle de Ávila ◽

Saimo Reblleth de Souza ◽

Islaine Franciely Pinheiro de Azevedo ◽

Yule Roberta Ferreira Nunes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Vegetation Structure ◽

Riparian Vegetation ◽

Anthropogenic Impacts ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Structural Variations ◽

Mixed Composition ◽

Soil Variables ◽

Different Soils

Abstract This study analyzed the floristic, structural variations and their relationships with soil variables in two stretches of riparian vegetation in an ecotonal region between savanna and semiarid zones. We following the hypothesis of despite the proximity between the sampled areas, soil conditions are distinct and lead to changes in structure and composition of the vegetation. This study was development at EPA of Pandeiros River, Minas Gerais, where we allocated 140 plots of 10 × 10 m (100 m2), with 10 m distance between plots, in two areas of riparian vegetation, named Larga and São Domingos (70 plots in each area), where we conducted the phytosociological survey and collected soil samples. In total, 751 arboreal individuals were sampled, distributed in 89 species and 35 botanical families. The areas differed strongly in structure and species composition, and showed floristic peculiarities and influence of surrounding vegetation. Despite of low distance between the sampled areas, these are singular environments influenced by different soils, by the mixed composition of the ecotonal area and the anthropogenic impacts to which they are exposed.

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Man-made soil drainage alters the vegetation structure and woody species distribution in campo de murundus

Acta Scientiarum Biological Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascibiolsci.v42i1.49894 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. e49894

Author(s):

Frederico Augusto Guimarães Guilherme ◽

Hortência Soardi Maricato ◽

Beatriz Schwantes Marimon ◽

Firmino Cardoso Pereira ◽

Luzia Francisca de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetation Structure ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Basal Area ◽

Woody Species ◽

Permanent Plots ◽

Total Density ◽

Soil Drainage ◽

Differential Distribution ◽

M 10 ◽

Drainage Channels

Campos de murundus work as recharge zones and are important for the maintenance of water resources in Brazilian Cerrado. However, with the expansion of the agricultural frontier, this ecosystem may disappear or suffer high anthropogenic disturbances. The aim of the study was to evaluate the structure and distribution of woody species, after the implantation of artificial drainage channels in campo de murundus, in plots near and distant of the drains in the soil. We sampled woody individuals with ≥ 3 cm diameter at the base, and established 20 permanent plots of 20×50 m, 10 of which were between 0-20 m of the drains (edge) and 10 between 150-200 m distant from the drains (interior), totaling two hectares of survey. We recorded 47 species with total density of 230.5 ind.ha-1 and total basal area of 1.331 m2 ha-1. The diversity index of species was H’ = 3.18. We recorded higher density and basal area in the edge, and differential distribution and occupation of woody species in the microrelief of the murundus. This provides us strong evidence that the drains have altered the vegetation structure, especially in the edge of the remnant campos de murundus turning the vegetation woodier and denser.

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The Riparian Tree Species Composition and Diversity of the Midstream of Halda River in Chittagong, Bangladesh

Asian Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry ◽

10.9734/ajraf/2019/v3i130029 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Md. Humayain Kabir ◽

Hillol Barua

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Tree Species ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Research Work ◽

Basal Area ◽

Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Tree Species Composition ◽

Area And Volume

Riparian vegetation has been depleting in the many river basins of Bangladesh. Consequently, this study assessed the tree species composition, structure and diversity of the midstream area of the Halda River in Bangladesh. Twenty two quadrats (20 × 20m in size) were sampled. A total of 414 individual tree stems of ≥10 cm DBH of 36 tree species belonging to 31 genera and 15 families were enumerated. Density, Basal area and volume of the tree species were measured. Different diversity indices, i.e. Shannon-Wienners Diversity Index, Simpson's Dominance Index, Pielou’s Species Evenness Index, Margalef's and Menhinick’s richness index were calculated. Fabaceae was the most represented family with nine species, followed by Moraceae, Meliaceae and Anacardiaceae. Density, basal area and volume of the trees were 470.45 stem/ha, 19.09m²/ha and 139.42m³/ha, respectively. Samanea saman was found to be dominant, showing a maximum IVI, followed by v, Mangifer aindica, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Artocarpus heterophyllus. The findings of the study will be helpful for the posterior researchers in their research work and their future tree based planning programs and conservation. So it is recommended that greater emphasis should be taken to proper management and conservation against over extraction and illegal felling for the maintenance of existing tree species composition and density.

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Woody Species Diversity and Vegetation Structure of Wurg Forest, Southwest Ethiopia

International Journal of Forestry Research ◽

10.1155/2020/8823990 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Girma Boz ◽

Melesse Maryo

Keyword(s):

Plant Community ◽

Vegetation Structure ◽

Local Community ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Basal Area ◽

Woody Species ◽

Total Density ◽

Southwest Ethiopia ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Adult Trees

This study was aimed to determine woody species composition, diversity, and vegetation structure and to investigate major threats to Wurg forest, southwest Ethiopia. In order to collect vegetation data, 64 (400 m2) sample plots from eight transect lines were employed. The distances between transect lines and plots were 400 m and 200 m, respectively. DBH of woody species >2.5 cm and the height >2 m were measured and recorded. Voucher specimens were brought to the Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute for identification and deposited there. R program version 12.5.2 software and Microsoft Excel spreadsheet were used to analyze plant community classification and structural analysis, respectively. A total of 76 woody species representing 40 families were recorded. Rubiaceae was the dominant family followed by Asteraceae. The average Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H′) and the average evenness values of Wurg forest were 3.38 and 0.90, respectively. Four plant community types were identified by using the presence/absence values of each species. The total density of woody species with DBH > 2.5 cm was 1745.3 ha−1. The DBH and height class distributions showed an inverted J-shaped pattern, which indicates a good regeneration potential of the forest. The most frequently observed species (92%) was Syzygium guineense, which contributed 46% of the total basal area. The composition of seedling, sapling, and adult trees/shrubs species was 4966.07 ha−1, 3125.78 ha−1, and 1745.27 ha−1, respectively. However, the major threat to the forest was selective cutting of some woody species for various purposes. Therefore, raising local community awareness on conservation and sustainable use of the forest and exploring various alternatives for local communities’ livelihood and promoting private and community plantations are recommendable.

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ESTRUTURA E PADRÃO ESPACIAL DA VEGETAÇÃO EM UMA ÁREA DE CAATINGA

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v43i1.27807 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 83 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gabriel Paes Marangon ◽

Rinaldo Luiz Caraciollo Ferreira ◽

José Antônio Aleixo Da Silva ◽

David Fagner de Souza e Lira ◽

Emanuel Araújo Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Forest Management ◽

Spatial Pattern ◽

Spatial Patterns ◽

Tree Species ◽

Vegetation Structure ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Basal Area ◽

History Of ◽

Aggregated Distribution

A vegetação do Nordeste revela carência relacionada ao manejo florestal da Caatinga. Objetivou-se estudar o padrão espacial de espécies e estrutura da vegetação em área de Caatinga, localizada no município de Floresta, PE. Em uma área de aproximadamente 10 ha, com histórico de perturbação, foram instaladas 20 parcelas de 20 x 20 m, de forma sistemática. Todas as árvores com CAP a 1,30 m do solo ≥ 6 cm foram identificadas e tiveram suas circunferências e alturas mensuradas. Foram encontradas 18 espécies arbóreas, distribuídas em 15 gêneros, dentro de 6 famílias botânicas, com índice de diversidade de Shannon (H') de 2,11 nats.ind-1, e área basal total estimada de 4,53 m2.ha-1. Destacaram-se as famílias Fabaceae, com 48,93% dos indivíduos, e Euphorbiaceae, com 41,28%. As espécies Poincianella bracteosa (Tul.) L. P. Queiroz, Croton rhamnifolius Kunth, Manihot cartaginenses subsp. glaziovii (Muell. Arg.) Allem. e Mimosa ophtalmocentra Mart. ex Benth somaram 55% do total do valor de importância. A maioria das espécies apresentou distribuição agregada, exceto algumas, como Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. Allem. para o índice de McGuinnes (IGA), Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) J. B. Gillett para McGuinnes (IGA) e Payandeh (Pi) e Manihot cartaginenses subsp. glaziovii (Muell. Arg.) Allem. para Fracker e Brischle (Ki), que obtiveram tendência ao agrupamento.Palavras-chave: Semiárido; Pernambuco; distribuição espacial.AbstractStructure and spatial pattern of vegetation in a caatinga area. Forest management deficiency in relation to Northeast vegetation, specifically caatinga, are remarkable. This research aims to analyze spatial patterns of species and vegetation structure in Caatinga area, located in the municipality of Floresta-PE. In an area of approximately 10 ha, and a history of disturbance, 20 plots (20 x 20 m) were installed in systematic way. All trees with CAP (at 1.30 m above the ground) ≥ 6 cm had been identified, and their circumferences and heights measured. 18 tree species were sampled, distributed in 15 genus, within 6 botanical families, with diversity index of Shannon (H ') of 2.11 nats / ind, and estimated total basal area of 4, 53 m2.ha-1. The highlighted families were Fabaceae, 48.93% of individuals, and Euphorbiaceae 41.28%. The species Poincianella bracteosa (Tul.) L.P.Queiroz, Croton rhamnifolius Kunth, Manihot cartaginenses Subsp. glaziovii (Muell. Arg.) Allem., and Mimosa ophtalmocentra Mart. ex Benth totalized 55% of the total value of importance. Most species revealed aggregated distribution, except some like Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. Allem. for the McGuinness index (IGA), Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) J.B.Gillett for McGuinness (IGA) and Payandeh (Pi), and Manihot cartaginenses Subsp. glaziovii (Muell. Arg.) Allem. for Fracker and Brischle (Ki), which obtained grouping tendency.Keywords: Semiarid; Pernambuco; spatial distribution.

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Vegetation structure and biodiversity recovery in 19-year-old active restoration plantations in a Neotropical cloud forest

Forest Systems ◽

10.5424/fs/2021301-17131 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 3004

Author(s):

Rosa-Amelia Pedraza ◽

Guadalupe Williams-Linera ◽

Teresa Nicolás-Silva

Keyword(s):

Seed Dispersal ◽

Species Composition ◽

Tree Species ◽

Vegetation Structure ◽

Cloud Forest ◽

Basal Area ◽

Dispersal Mode ◽

Tree Species Composition ◽

Montane Cloud Forest ◽

Active Restoration

Aim of the study: To evaluate how middle-aged active restoration plantations of native tree species contribute to the recovery of the tropical cloud forest in terms of vegetation structure, tree richness, species composition, and to shade-tolerance and seed dispersal mode functional groups.Area of the study: We studied two 19-year-old active restoration sites and their reference mature forests in the tropical montane cloud forest belt, Veracruz, Mexico.Materials and methods: The basal area, density and height as well as the tree species composition and number of species and individuals classified by shade tolerance (pioneer and non-pioneer trees), and seed dispersal mode (anemochorous, barochorous-synzoochorous and endozoochorous) were compared between active restoration plantations and reference forests.Main results: Planted trees and the woody vegetation growing under them represented a high proportion of reference forests’ basal area. Tree richness and Shannon’s equitability index were similar in both reference forests and one active restoration plantation and slightly different in the other. Tree species composition differed among sites; however, each 19-year-old plantation already had several non-pioneer species and a similar species proportion of the seed dispersal syndromes present in their reference forests.Research highlights: Active restoration accelerated the recovery of cloud forest in degraded pasture and bracken fern lands. Planted trees promoted the rapid development of vegetation structure and natural tree regeneration. Although species composition is still different, these middle-aged restoration plantations already have forest species and a proportion of functional groups of species similar to those of their own reference montane cloud forests.Keywords: active restoration; forest recovery; passive restoration; seed dispersal mode; succession; tree species; tropical montane cloud forest.

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Impact of Invasive Alien Species- Acacia nilotica on the Remnant Dry Deciduous Forest of Palu Valley, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Annual Research & Review in Biology ◽

10.9734/arrb/2021/v36i730403 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 97-111

Author(s):

Mustaid Siregar ◽

. Sutomo ◽

Danang Wahyu Purnomo ◽

Rajif Iryadi

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Vegetation Structure ◽

Forest Canopy ◽

Deciduous Forest ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Dry Forest ◽

Acacia Nilotica ◽

Ground Vegetation ◽

Canopy Area ◽

Central Sulawesi

Aims: The study was carried out to assess the species composition, vegetation structure, regeneration and possible direction of vegetation development due to Acacia nilotica invasion. Study Design: The study applied the vegetation analysis and remote sensing technique in the deciduous forest of the Palu Valley in Central Sulawesi. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Biromuli District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province of Indonesia in February 2019. Methodology: Species composition, vegetation structure and regeneration were studied using the split plot method, while the specific population and distribution of A. nilotica were studied using drone photos in an area of 10.24 ha. Results: Individuals >2cm in diameter are 24 species, 22 genera and 14 families. The main species are Tabernaemontana pandacaqui, A. nilotica and Jatropha gossypiifolia. The ground vegetation (diameter<2cm) contained 21 species, 21 genera and 17 families, dominated by Digitaria ciliaris and A. nilotica. The species diversity index is 2.3880 (moderate), while the species evenness index is 0.75 (unstable). Density of 1.069 individual’s per ha and total basal area 2.48 m2 per ha. The dominance of individuals with a diameter of 2.0-4.9 cm (62.9%), followed by diameter of 5.0-9.9 cm (32.4%), and diameter of 10 cm up (4.67%). The canopy layer consists of only one main layer at a height of 4-7m. Canopy analysis using drone photos showed that 27% of the total forest canopy area and 32.9% of the total individuals were controlled by A. nilotica. Conclusion: The dry forest in Sigi is the remnant deciduous forest located specifically in the Palu Valley which is still in the process of development. The invasion of A. nilotica needs to be controlled in a sustainable way so that the rest of the forest does not turn into a stretch of A. nilotica.

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Analisis Keragaman Tanaman Sebagai Jasa Lingkungan Pada Lanskap Agroforestri di Daerah Aliran Sungai Krueng Aceh

Jurnal Serambi Engineering ◽

10.32672/jse.v4i2.1468 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Zulkifli Aiyub Kadir ◽

Bahagia Bahagia

Keyword(s):

Water Conservation ◽

Vegetation Structure ◽

Swot Analysis ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Middle Stream ◽

Land Management System ◽

Study Sites ◽

Aleurites Moluccana ◽

Lansium Domesticum ◽

Agroforestry Practices

Humans have utilized landscape for produces a diverse character of the wider area of the watershed. Agroforestry is a land management system in addressing the problems that arise due to changes in land use of soil and water conservation. The aim of the study was to analyze plant diversity in agroforestry practices that have services in the Krueng watershed landscape in Aceh watershed. Develop strategies in the Krueng Aceh DAS agroforestry service. This research was conducted in the upper, middle and downstream of the Krueng Aceh watershed, with a rapid method of Agro-Biodiversity Appraisal and SWOT. The results showed that the composition of the vegetation structure found in the study sites tended to vary with the diversity index of agroforestry that was currently in the upstream and middle of the Krueng Aceh watershed. Based on SWOT analysis, internal scores are 2.45 and external scores are 3.21. Agroforestry practices in the upper stream of Krueng Aceh watershed were dominated by Aleurites moluccana, Areca cathecu, and Averrhoa bilimbi L species with the highest INP in the upper stream of Krueng Aceh watershed. Vegetation at the middle stream of Krueng Aceh watershed dominated by Areca cathecu, Lansium domesticum and Musa paradisiaca.

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Carabidae of Barnaul city parks: ecological characteristics and species composition

Ukrainian Journal of Ecology ◽

10.15421/2018_353 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 348-353

Author(s):

E. A. Kuchina ◽

N. D. Ovcharenko ◽

L. D. Vasileva

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Life Forms ◽

Ground Beetles ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Ecological Groups ◽

Dominant Group ◽

Species Diversity Index ◽

Steppe Species

Anthropogenic impact on the population of ground beetles leads to a change in their numbers, structure of dominance, density, species composition, spectrum of life forms. This makes the beetles Carabidae a convenient and informative bioindicator of the ecological state of biocenoses. The material for this work was the Carabidae collections conducted in June-August 2016-2017 in the park zone of different regions of Barnaul, differing in location, area, hydrological regime, vegetation cover, purpose and anthropogenic load. When processing the material, the quantitative, species and generic composition of the carabidae was determined, calculations were made for such indicators as the Berger-Parker dominance index, the Shannon species diversity index (Hs), and the Jacquard species similarity index. The fauna (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of the park zone of Barnaul is represented by 55 species belonging to 20 genera. The dominant group is represented by species belonging to steppe, forest and polyzonal groups. Forest-steppe species of ground beetles as dominants have not been identified in any of the investigated territories. The greatest variety of ecological groups was noted on the territory of the Yubileyny рark, which is explained by the presence of zones with various microclimatic conditions, the presence of a birch grove that flows through the park with the Pivovarka River, and a wide log in the park. Registered species belong to eight groups of life forms belonging to two classes - zoophagous and myxophytophagous. On the numerical and species abundance, zoophages predominate. The spectrum of life forms corresponds to the zonal spectrum characteristic of the forest-steppe zone.

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