EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC AND ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF CUSCUTA REFLEXA EXTRACTS ON ANIMAL MODELS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
P. B Udavant ◽  
◽  
V.S Suggala ◽  
S. J. Kshirsagar ◽  
C. D. Upasani
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Thermal Stimulus ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Antiinflammatory Effect ◽  
Cuscuta Reflexa ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Cuscuta reflexa (Roxb.) belonging to the family Convolvulaceae and popularly known as dodder, is a parasitic plant with claims of antibacterial, antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory properties in literature. HPTLC analysis and investigation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Cuscuta reflexa extracts, petroleum ether extract, methanol extract, and aqueous extract of Cuscuta reflexa (PECR, MECR, and AECR respectively) at three dose levels of 50, 200 & 300 mg/kg body weight of an animal by oral route were used for biological activities. The analgesic activity of was determined using hot plate analgesia, acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin test. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined using models like carrageenan, serotonin and histamine-induced paw edema models along with cotton pellet induced granuloma. Probable mechanism involved in the antiinflammatory effect of methanol and aqueous extracts was evaluated with various tests like ulcerogenicity test; acetic acid induced vascular permeability test and leukocyte migration test using a single dose of 300 mg/kg orally. Acute oral toxicity test revealed the LD50 of >2 g/kg. PECR, MECR and AECR (200 and 300 mg/ kg p.o.) significantly (P< 0.05) increased latency against thermal stimulus, decreased the acetic acidinduced writhing responses and licking times of the second phase in the formalin test. Moreover, MECR and AECR (200 and 300 mg/kg p.o.) exhibited significant (P<0.01) antiinflammatory effect against carrageenan and mediator-induced paw edema. The most promising fraction of methanol extract was found to be quercetin, which could be responsible for the biological activity. Results suggest significant analgesic and antiinflammatory effects produced by MECR and AECR.

Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Methanol Extract ofElaeagnus oldhamiiMaxim. in Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (03) ◽  
pp. 581-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Ren Liao ◽  
Yuan-Shiun Chang ◽  
Wen-Huang Peng ◽  
Shang-Chih Lai ◽  
Yu-Ling Ho
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Hplc Fingerprint ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

We investigated possible mechanisms of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanol extract from the leaf of Elaeagnus oldhamii Maxim. (EOMeOH). EOMeOHwas evaluated for its analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin test, and anti-inflammatory effect was examined by λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema assay. We detected the activities of GPx, GRd and SOD in the liver, and the levels of inflammatory mediators including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, MDA and NO in the edema paw to investigate the mechanism of action against inflammation. Total polyphenol, flavonoid and flavanol contents of EOMeOHwere detected to explore its antioxidant activities. Results showed that, in the analgesic test, EOMeOHdecreased acetic acid-induced writhing response and the licking time in the late phase of formalin test. In the anti-inflammatory test, EOMeOHdecreased paw edema at the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th h after λ-carrageenan had been injected. EOMeOHincreased the activities of SOD and GPx in liver tissue and decreased MDA, NO, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2 levels in paw edema tissue at the 3rd h after λ-carrageenan-induced inflammatory reaction. EOMeOHexhibited abundant polyphenol, flavonoid and flavanol contents. In HPLC fingerprint test of EOMeOH, two index ingredients, ursolic acid and pomolic acid, were isolated from EOMeOHand were exhibited in HPLC chromatographic analysis. The results demonstrated analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of EOMeOH. It was indicated that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of EOMeOHmay be due to declined levels of NO and MDA in the edema paw through increasing the activities of SOD, GPx and GRd in the liver. Additionally, EOMeOHdecreased IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2 levels in the edema paw. The results suggested its value in future development of herbal medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Methanol Extract fromPogostemon cablin

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsung-Chun Lu ◽  
Jung-Chun Liao ◽  
Tai-Hung Huang ◽  
Ying-Chih Lin ◽  
Chia-Yu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Factor Α

Pogostemon cablin(PC) is a herbal medicine traditionally applied to treat not only common cold, nausea and diarrhea but also headache and fever. The aim of this study was to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of standardized PC methanol extract (PCMeOH)in vivo. Investigations were performed in mice with two analgesic models. One was acetic acid-induced writhing response and the other formalin-induced paw licking. The anti-inflammatory effect was tested by λ-carrageenan (Carr)-induced mice paw edema. These analgesic experimental results indicated that PCMeOH (1.0 g/kg) decreased the acetic acid-induced writhing responses and PCMeOH (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) decreased the licking time in the second phase of the formalin test. Moreover, Carr-induced paw edema inflammation was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner when PCMeOH (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) was administered 3 and 4 h after the Carr injection. Mechanistic studies showed that PCMeOH decreased the levels of malondialdehyde in the edema paw by increasing the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, in the liver and decreasing the cyclooxygenase 2 and tumor necrosis factor-α activities in the edema paw. This study has demonstrated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of PCMeOH, thus verifying its popular use in traditional medicine.

Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Methanol Extract fromDesmodium triflorumDC in Mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (03) ◽  
pp. 573-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang-Chih Lai ◽  
Wen-Huang Peng ◽  
Shun-Chieh Huang ◽  
Yu-Ling Ho ◽  
Tai-Hung Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Necrosis Factor

In this study, we evaluated the analgesic effect of methanol extract from Desmodium triflorum DC (MDT) by using animal models of acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin test. The anti-inflammatory effect of MDT was investigated by λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. In order to study the anti-inflammatory mechanism of MDT, we detected the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRd) in the liver, the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in the edema paw tissue. In the analgesic test, MDT (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) decreased the acetic acid-induced writhing response and the licking time on the late phase in the formalin test. In the anti-inflammatory test, MDT (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) decreased the paw edema at the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th hour after λ-carrageenan administration. On the other hand, MDT increased the activities of SOD and GRd in liver tissues and decreased the MDA level in the edema paw at the 3rd hour after λ-carrageenan-induced inflammation. MDT also affected the levels of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, NO and MDA which were induced by λ-carrageenan. The results suggested that MDT possessed analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of MDT might be related to the decreases in the level of MDA in the edema paw via increasing the activities of SOD and GRd in the liver, and the NO level via regulating the IL-1β production and the level of TNF-α in the inflamed tissues.

Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities ofTorenia concolorLindley var.formosanaYamazaki and Betulin in Mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 97-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Chih Lin ◽  
Hao-Yuan Cheng ◽  
Tai-Hung Huang ◽  
Hsin-Wei Huang ◽  
Yi-Hsuan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Reduction Of No ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

The present study was intended to examine the analgesic effect of the 70% methanol extract of Torenia concolor Lindley var. formosana Yamazaki (TCMeOH) and betulin using models of acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin test. In addition, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of TCMeOHand betulin using model of λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema. We observed the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx and GR) in the liver and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in the edema paw. The results showed that TCMeOH(1.0 and 2.0 g/kg) and betulin (30 and 90 mg/kg), significantly inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhing response. TCMeOH(2.0 g/kg) and betulin (30 and 90 mg/kg) significantly inhibited formalin-induced licking time during both the early and late phases. TCMeOH(0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg) and betulin (30 and 90 mg/kg) also significantly decreased the paw edema at the 4th hour after λ-carrageenan injection. Furthermore, TCMeOHand betulin treatment also significantly increased the activities of SOD, GR and GPx in the liver while decreasing the level of MDA in the edema paw. Finally, betulin (30 and 90 mg/kg) also caused considerable reduction of NO level in the edema paw. Taken together, the present results indicated that TCMeOHand betulin possessed analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of TCMeOHand betulin may be related to decreasing the levels of MDA and NO in the edema paw by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the liver.

scholarly journals Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Methanol Extract ofCissus repensin Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Wen Chang ◽  
Wen-Te Chang ◽  
Jung-Chun Liao ◽  
Yung-Jia Chiu ◽  
Ming-Tsuen Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

The aim of this study was to investigate possible analgesic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of theCRMeOH. Analgesic effect was evaluated in two models including acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin-induced paw licking. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated byλ-carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema and histopathologic analyses. The results showed thatCRMeOH(500 mg/kg) decreased writhing response in the acetic acid assay and licking time in the formalin test.CRMeOH(100 and 500 mg/kg) significantly decreased edema paw volume at 4th to 5th hours afterλ-carrageenan had been injected. Histopathologically,CRMeOHabated the level of tissue destruction and swelling of the edema paws. These results were indicated that anti-inflammatory mechanism ofCRMeOHmay be due to declined levels of NO and MDA in the edema paw through increasing the activities of SOD, GPx, and GRd in the liver. Additionally,CRMeOHalso decreased IL-1β, IL-6, NFκB, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS levels. The contents of two active ingredients, ursolic acid and lupeol, were quantitatively determined. This paper demonstrated possible mechanisms for the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects ofCRMeOHand provided evidence for the classical treatment ofCissus repensin inflammatory diseases.

Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Methanol Extract ofKalanchoe gracilis(L.) DC Stem in Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (03) ◽  
pp. 529-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-Rung Lai ◽  
Wen-Huang Peng ◽  
Yu-Ling Ho ◽  
Shun-Chieh Huang ◽  
Tai-Hung Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

In this study, we evaluated the analgesic effect of the methanol extract of Kalanchoe gracilis (MKGS) stem in animal models by inducing writhing response with acetic acid and conducting formalin test. The anti-inflammatory effect of MKGS was also estimated on mice with λ-carrageenan induced paw edema model. In order to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of MKGS, we analyzed the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRx) in the liver, and the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in the edema paw tissue. In the analgesic tests, MKGS (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) decreased both the acetic acid-induced writhing response and the licking time in the late phase of the formalin test. In the anti-inflammatory test, MKGS (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) decreased paw edema at the third, fourth, fifth and sixth hours after λ-carrageenan had been administrated. Furthermore, MKGS increased the activities of SOD and GRx in liver tissues and decreased MDA level in the edema paws three hours after λ-carrageenan was injected. MKGS also affected the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and NO induced by λ-carrageenan. All these results suggested that MKGS possessed analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of MKGS might be related to the lowering of MDA level in the edema paw via increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and GRx in the liver, as well as the decreases in the levels of TNF-α and NO, and the production of IL-1β in inflamed tissues.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Polyalthia simiarum (Hook. F. &Thomson)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Selina Kabir ◽  
Ronok Zahan ◽  
Abdullah Mohammad Sarwaruddin Chowdhury ◽  
Choudhury Mahmood Hasan ◽  
Mohammad Abdur Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background: Polyalthia simiarum (Hook. F. &Thomson) exhibits different effects in human body. Objective: As a part of ongoing research on medicinal plants of Bangladesh, the present study is focused to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of stem bark of Polyalthia simiarum (Annonaceae). Methodology: The ethyl acetate (EA) and petroleum ether (PE) extracts were subjected to qualitative chemical investigation for the identification of different phytoconstituents. The analgesic activity was determined for its central and peripheral pharmacological actions using tail immersion method and acetic acid-induced writhing test. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan induced paw edema in rats. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory data were evaluated statistically analysed by Dunnett’s-T test. Result: Both extracts at the dose of 50- and 100 mg/kg b.w., produced significant increase in pain threshold in tail immersion method whereas significantly reduced the writhing caused by acetic acid in a dose dependent manner. The EA and PE extracts showed anti-inflammatory activities at 50- and 100 mg/kg body weight. Among all the extracts, the EA extract showed a dose dependent and comparable analgesic activity in all the tested methods and also reduced the paw edema considerably (27.5% and 39.1% inhibition after 4h), in dose dependent manner when compared to carrageenan induced control rat. Conclusion: Therefore, the EA and PE extracts of Polyalthia simiarum were capable to exhibit moderate analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. This is the first report of analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of Polyalthia simiarum and can be further investigated to isolate the active compounds responsible for the biological activities. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2019;5(1): 18-23

scholarly journals Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Methanol Extract ofFicus pumilaL. in Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Ren Liao ◽  
Chun-Pin Kao ◽  
Wen-Huang Peng ◽  
Yuan-Shiun Chang ◽  
Shang-Chih Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Hplc Fingerprint ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

This study investigated possible analgesic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the methanol extract ofFicus pumila(FPMeOH). Analgesic effects were evaluated in two models including acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin-induced paw licking. The results showedFPMeOHdecreased writhing response in the acetic acid assay and licking time in the formalin test. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated by λ-carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema and histopathological analyses.FPMeOHsignificantly decreased the volume of paw edema induced by λ-carrageenan. Histopathologically,FPMeOHabated the level of tissue destruction and swelling of the edema paws. This study indicated anti-inflammatory mechanism ofFPMeOHmay be due to declined levels of NO and MDA in the edema paw through increasing the activities of SOD, GPx, and GRd in the liver. Additionally,FPMeOHalso decreased the level of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and COX-2. HPLC fingerprint was established and the contents of three active ingredients, rutin, luteolin, and apigenin, were quantitatively determined. This study provided evidence for the classical treatment ofFicus pumilain inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of methanol extract of Helianthus annuus Linn. (Asteraceae) leaf

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
Samuel O. Onoja ◽  
Glory C. Onyebuchi ◽  
Ifeoma I. Ijeh ◽  
Maxwell I. Ezeja
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Analgesic Activities

AbstractThis study evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties ofHelianthus annuusLinn. in rats. Methanol extract ofHelianthus annuus(HAE) leaf was used in this study. Formalin- and egg-albumin induced-paw edema were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory activities while acetic acid-induced writhing reflex and tail flick models were used to evaluate the analgesic properties. The doses of HAE used were 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was used as reference drug in the anti-inflammatory and writhing reflex models while pentazocine (reference drug) was used in tail flick model. The negative control was dosed 5% tween-20 (10 ml/kg). The HAE exhibited significant (P < 0.05) dose-dependent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. At 3 hour (h) post treatment, the HAE (300 mg/kg) produced 33.33% and 32.94% while ASA produced 36.36% and 35.29% reduction in paw volume in the formalin and egg-albumin induced paw edema models respectively when compared with negative control. In the acetic acid-induced writhing reflex, ASA and HAE (600 mg/kg) produced 67.89% and 35.78% reduction in the number of writhing, respectively when compared with the negative control. Pentazocine and HAE (300 mg/kg) caused 67.62% and 35.24% increase in pain reaction time when compared with the negative control. The study affirms the folkloric uses ofHelianthus annuusin the management of pain and inflammation.

Evaluation of Antinociceptive, Anti-inflammatory and Antipyretic Effects of Strobilanthes cusia Leaf Extract in Male Mice and Rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (01) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Ling Ho ◽  
Kuo-Ching Kao ◽  
Huei-Yann Tsai ◽  
Fu-Yu Chueh ◽  
Yuan-Shiun Chang
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Influenza Epidemic ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Dose Dependent

The leaf of Strobilanthes cusia (Acanthaceae), popularly known as Da-Ching-Yeh, has been commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. It is used for influenza, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, encephalitis B, viral pneumonia and mumps. It is also used to treat sore throat, aphthae and inflammatory diseases with redness of skin, etc. In this study, we evaluated the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of methanol extract of Strobilanthes cusia leaf. The results showed that the extract significantly inhibited the writhing responses of mice and decreased the licking time on both the early and late phases of the formalin test in a dose-dependent manner. It also reduced the paw edema induced by carrageenan in rats. In addition, it potently attenuated pyrexia induced by lipopolysaccharide.

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