Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Methanol Extract ofElaeagnus oldhamiiMaxim. in Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (03) ◽  
pp. 581-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Ren Liao ◽  
Yuan-Shiun Chang ◽  
Wen-Huang Peng ◽  
Shang-Chih Lai ◽  
Yu-Ling Ho
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Hplc Fingerprint ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

We investigated possible mechanisms of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanol extract from the leaf of Elaeagnus oldhamii Maxim. (EOMeOH). EOMeOHwas evaluated for its analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin test, and anti-inflammatory effect was examined by λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema assay. We detected the activities of GPx, GRd and SOD in the liver, and the levels of inflammatory mediators including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, MDA and NO in the edema paw to investigate the mechanism of action against inflammation. Total polyphenol, flavonoid and flavanol contents of EOMeOHwere detected to explore its antioxidant activities. Results showed that, in the analgesic test, EOMeOHdecreased acetic acid-induced writhing response and the licking time in the late phase of formalin test. In the anti-inflammatory test, EOMeOHdecreased paw edema at the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th h after λ-carrageenan had been injected. EOMeOHincreased the activities of SOD and GPx in liver tissue and decreased MDA, NO, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2 levels in paw edema tissue at the 3rd h after λ-carrageenan-induced inflammatory reaction. EOMeOHexhibited abundant polyphenol, flavonoid and flavanol contents. In HPLC fingerprint test of EOMeOH, two index ingredients, ursolic acid and pomolic acid, were isolated from EOMeOHand were exhibited in HPLC chromatographic analysis. The results demonstrated analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of EOMeOH. It was indicated that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of EOMeOHmay be due to declined levels of NO and MDA in the edema paw through increasing the activities of SOD, GPx and GRd in the liver. Additionally, EOMeOHdecreased IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2 levels in the edema paw. The results suggested its value in future development of herbal medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Methanol Extract ofKalanchoe gracilis(L.) DC Stem in Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (03) ◽  
pp. 529-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-Rung Lai ◽  
Wen-Huang Peng ◽  
Yu-Ling Ho ◽  
Shun-Chieh Huang ◽  
Tai-Hung Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

In this study, we evaluated the analgesic effect of the methanol extract of Kalanchoe gracilis (MKGS) stem in animal models by inducing writhing response with acetic acid and conducting formalin test. The anti-inflammatory effect of MKGS was also estimated on mice with λ-carrageenan induced paw edema model. In order to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of MKGS, we analyzed the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRx) in the liver, and the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in the edema paw tissue. In the analgesic tests, MKGS (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) decreased both the acetic acid-induced writhing response and the licking time in the late phase of the formalin test. In the anti-inflammatory test, MKGS (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) decreased paw edema at the third, fourth, fifth and sixth hours after λ-carrageenan had been administrated. Furthermore, MKGS increased the activities of SOD and GRx in liver tissues and decreased MDA level in the edema paws three hours after λ-carrageenan was injected. MKGS also affected the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and NO induced by λ-carrageenan. All these results suggested that MKGS possessed analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of MKGS might be related to the lowering of MDA level in the edema paw via increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and GRx in the liver, as well as the decreases in the levels of TNF-α and NO, and the production of IL-1β in inflamed tissues.

scholarly journals Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Methanol Extract ofFicus pumilaL. in Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Ren Liao ◽  
Chun-Pin Kao ◽  
Wen-Huang Peng ◽  
Yuan-Shiun Chang ◽  
Shang-Chih Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Hplc Fingerprint ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

This study investigated possible analgesic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the methanol extract ofFicus pumila(FPMeOH). Analgesic effects were evaluated in two models including acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin-induced paw licking. The results showedFPMeOHdecreased writhing response in the acetic acid assay and licking time in the formalin test. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated by λ-carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema and histopathological analyses.FPMeOHsignificantly decreased the volume of paw edema induced by λ-carrageenan. Histopathologically,FPMeOHabated the level of tissue destruction and swelling of the edema paws. This study indicated anti-inflammatory mechanism ofFPMeOHmay be due to declined levels of NO and MDA in the edema paw through increasing the activities of SOD, GPx, and GRd in the liver. Additionally,FPMeOHalso decreased the level of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and COX-2. HPLC fingerprint was established and the contents of three active ingredients, rutin, luteolin, and apigenin, were quantitatively determined. This study provided evidence for the classical treatment ofFicus pumilain inflammatory diseases.

Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Methanol Extract fromDesmodium triflorumDC in Mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (03) ◽  
pp. 573-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang-Chih Lai ◽  
Wen-Huang Peng ◽  
Shun-Chieh Huang ◽  
Yu-Ling Ho ◽  
Tai-Hung Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Necrosis Factor

In this study, we evaluated the analgesic effect of methanol extract from Desmodium triflorum DC (MDT) by using animal models of acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin test. The anti-inflammatory effect of MDT was investigated by λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. In order to study the anti-inflammatory mechanism of MDT, we detected the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRd) in the liver, the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in the edema paw tissue. In the analgesic test, MDT (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) decreased the acetic acid-induced writhing response and the licking time on the late phase in the formalin test. In the anti-inflammatory test, MDT (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) decreased the paw edema at the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th hour after λ-carrageenan administration. On the other hand, MDT increased the activities of SOD and GRd in liver tissues and decreased the MDA level in the edema paw at the 3rd hour after λ-carrageenan-induced inflammation. MDT also affected the levels of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, NO and MDA which were induced by λ-carrageenan. The results suggested that MDT possessed analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of MDT might be related to the decreases in the level of MDA in the edema paw via increasing the activities of SOD and GRd in the liver, and the NO level via regulating the IL-1β production and the level of TNF-α in the inflamed tissues.

scholarly journals Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Methanol Extract ofCissus repensin Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Wen Chang ◽  
Wen-Te Chang ◽  
Jung-Chun Liao ◽  
Yung-Jia Chiu ◽  
Ming-Tsuen Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

The aim of this study was to investigate possible analgesic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of theCRMeOH. Analgesic effect was evaluated in two models including acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin-induced paw licking. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated byλ-carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema and histopathologic analyses. The results showed thatCRMeOH(500 mg/kg) decreased writhing response in the acetic acid assay and licking time in the formalin test.CRMeOH(100 and 500 mg/kg) significantly decreased edema paw volume at 4th to 5th hours afterλ-carrageenan had been injected. Histopathologically,CRMeOHabated the level of tissue destruction and swelling of the edema paws. These results were indicated that anti-inflammatory mechanism ofCRMeOHmay be due to declined levels of NO and MDA in the edema paw through increasing the activities of SOD, GPx, and GRd in the liver. Additionally,CRMeOHalso decreased IL-1β, IL-6, NFκB, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS levels. The contents of two active ingredients, ursolic acid and lupeol, were quantitatively determined. This paper demonstrated possible mechanisms for the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects ofCRMeOHand provided evidence for the classical treatment ofCissus repensin inflammatory diseases.

EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC AND ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF CUSCUTA REFLEXA EXTRACTS ON ANIMAL MODELS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
P. B Udavant ◽  
◽  
V.S Suggala ◽  
S. J. Kshirsagar ◽  
C. D. Upasani
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Thermal Stimulus ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Antiinflammatory Effect ◽  
Cuscuta Reflexa ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Cuscuta reflexa (Roxb.) belonging to the family Convolvulaceae and popularly known as dodder, is a parasitic plant with claims of antibacterial, antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory properties in literature. HPTLC analysis and investigation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Cuscuta reflexa extracts, petroleum ether extract, methanol extract, and aqueous extract of Cuscuta reflexa (PECR, MECR, and AECR respectively) at three dose levels of 50, 200 & 300 mg/kg body weight of an animal by oral route were used for biological activities. The analgesic activity of was determined using hot plate analgesia, acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin test. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined using models like carrageenan, serotonin and histamine-induced paw edema models along with cotton pellet induced granuloma. Probable mechanism involved in the antiinflammatory effect of methanol and aqueous extracts was evaluated with various tests like ulcerogenicity test; acetic acid induced vascular permeability test and leukocyte migration test using a single dose of 300 mg/kg orally. Acute oral toxicity test revealed the LD50 of >2 g/kg. PECR, MECR and AECR (200 and 300 mg/ kg p.o.) significantly (P< 0.05) increased latency against thermal stimulus, decreased the acetic acidinduced writhing responses and licking times of the second phase in the formalin test. Moreover, MECR and AECR (200 and 300 mg/kg p.o.) exhibited significant (P<0.01) antiinflammatory effect against carrageenan and mediator-induced paw edema. The most promising fraction of methanol extract was found to be quercetin, which could be responsible for the biological activity. Results suggest significant analgesic and antiinflammatory effects produced by MECR and AECR.

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effects of Scopoletin fromCrossostephium chinensisagainst Inflammation Pain and Its Mechanisms in Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tien-Ning Chang ◽  
Jeng-Shyan Deng ◽  
Yi-Chih Chang ◽  
Chao-Ying Lee ◽  
Liao Jung-Chun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Scopoletin exists in nature as an anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities reagent. In this study, we have investigated the analgesic effects of the scopoletin using the models of acetic acid-induced writhing response and the formalin test, the anti-inflammatory effects of scopoletin using model ofλ-carrageenan (Carr)-induced paw edema. The treatment of ICR mice with scopoletin inhibited the numbers of writhing response and the formalin-induced pain in the late phase. This study demonstrated that the administration of scopoletin resulted in the reduction of Carr-induced mice edema, and it increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) after Carr injection. We also demonstrated scopoletin significantly attenuated the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the edema paw after Carr injection. Scopoletin decreased the NO, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels on serum after Carr injection. Scopoletin decreased Carr-induced inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expressions in the edema paw. These anti-inflammatory mechanisms of scopoletin might be related to the decrease in the level of MDAviaincreasing the activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx in the edema paw. Also, scopoletin could affect the production of NO, TNF-α, and PGE2, and therefore affect the anti-inflammatory effects.

Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities ofTorenia concolorLindley var.formosanaYamazaki and Betulin in Mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 97-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Chih Lin ◽  
Hao-Yuan Cheng ◽  
Tai-Hung Huang ◽  
Hsin-Wei Huang ◽  
Yi-Hsuan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Reduction Of No ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

The present study was intended to examine the analgesic effect of the 70% methanol extract of Torenia concolor Lindley var. formosana Yamazaki (TCMeOH) and betulin using models of acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin test. In addition, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of TCMeOHand betulin using model of λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema. We observed the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx and GR) in the liver and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in the edema paw. The results showed that TCMeOH(1.0 and 2.0 g/kg) and betulin (30 and 90 mg/kg), significantly inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhing response. TCMeOH(2.0 g/kg) and betulin (30 and 90 mg/kg) significantly inhibited formalin-induced licking time during both the early and late phases. TCMeOH(0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg) and betulin (30 and 90 mg/kg) also significantly decreased the paw edema at the 4th hour after λ-carrageenan injection. Furthermore, TCMeOHand betulin treatment also significantly increased the activities of SOD, GR and GPx in the liver while decreasing the level of MDA in the edema paw. Finally, betulin (30 and 90 mg/kg) also caused considerable reduction of NO level in the edema paw. Taken together, the present results indicated that TCMeOHand betulin possessed analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of TCMeOHand betulin may be related to decreasing the levels of MDA and NO in the edema paw by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the liver.

Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Aqueous Extracts from Three Flemingia Species

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (03) ◽  
pp. 625-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Jen Ko ◽  
Tsung-Chun Lu ◽  
Susumu Kitanaka ◽  
Chia Yu Liu ◽  
Jin-Bin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Flemingia Macrophylla ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

I-Tiao-Gung has long been used in the Kinmen area of Taiwan as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of rheumatic illness. The roots of Flemingia lineata (FL), Flemingia macrophylla (FM) and Flemingia prostrata (FP) are also used as I-Tiao-Gung in the Taiwan markets. In the present study, we investigated the analgesic effect of aqueous extracts of Flemingia lineata (FL), Flemingia macrophylla (FM), and Flemingia prostrata (FP) by acetic acid-induced writhing response, formalin test, and the anti-inflammatory effect of FM, FL and FP by λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. We also detected the changes in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GRx) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) of liver in the λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of FL and FM. The results showed that FL and FM significantly inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin-induced licking time during the late phase (p < 0.001). FL and FM also significantly decreased the λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema (p < 0.001). FL and FM significantly increased the GRx and GPx activities in the liver and decreased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in the edema paw (p < 0.001). These results indicated that FL and FM possessed analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of FL and FM might be related to the decrease in the level of MDA in the edema paw via increasing the activities of GPx and GRx in the liver and decreasing the NO level in the edema paw.

Anti-inflammatory Effects ofScoparia dulcisL. and Betulinic Acid

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (05) ◽  
pp. 943-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen-Chieh Tsai ◽  
Wen-Huang Peng ◽  
Tai-Hui Chiu ◽  
Shang-Chih Lai ◽  
Chao-Ying Lee
Keyword(s):  
Betulinic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Scoparia Dulcis ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Analytical Result

The aims of this study intended to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the 70% ethanol extract from Scoparia dulcis (SDE) and betulinic acid on λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of SDE and betulinic acid was examined by detecting the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the edema paw tissue and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRd) in the liver. The betulinic acid content in SDE was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the anti-inflammatory model, the results showed that SDE (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) and betulinic acid (20 and 40 mg/kg) reduced the paw edema at 3, 4 and 5 h after λ-carrageenan administration. Moreover, SDE and betulinic acid affected the levels of COX-2, NO, TNF-α and IL1-β in the λ-carrageenan-induced edema paws. The activities of SOD, GPx and GRd in the liver tissue were increased and the MDA levels in the edema paws were decreased. It is suggested that SDE and betulinic acid possessed anti-inflammatory activities and the anti-inflammatory mechanisms appear to be related to the reduction of the levels of COX-2, NO, TNF-α and IL1-β in inflamed tissues, as well as the inhibition of MDA level via increasing the activities of SOD, GPx and GRd. The analytical result showed that the content of betulinic acid in SDE was 6.25 mg/g extract.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of thiamine in Long Evans rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Sayema Ainan ◽  
Noorzahan Begum ◽  
Taskina Ali
Keyword(s):  
Formalin Test ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Thiamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Long Evans ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Right ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Medical University

Background: Thiamine along with other B vitamins has been prescribed since long for treatment of various painful conditions, though individual effects of thiamine on nociception and inflammation are yet to be clearly demonstrated.Objective: To assess the effects of increasing doses of thiamine supplementation against pain and inflammation.Methods: This experimental study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from March 2014 to February 2015. Total twenty four male Long Evans rats weighing (200±20 gm) were treated with three different doses of thiamine hydrochloride (THCL 100, 200, 250, mg/kg/day; experimental) or normal saline (5 ml/kg/day; control) intraperitoneally for 7 consecutive days. To evaluate the thiamine’s effect on nociceptive pain, early phase (0-5 minutes) and on inflammatory pain, late phase (16-60 minutes) of the formalin test, were observed. In both phases, total frequency of jerking and total duration of flexing and licking of the right hind paw were counted after administration of subcutaneous formalin (50 ?l, 2.5%) injection. After formalin test, all the rats were also subjected to formalin induced paw edema test using a water plethysmometer to observe the antiinflammatory effect of thiamine. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. In the interpretation of results, p?0.05 was considered as significant.Results: In formalin test, thiamine lowered frequency of jerking (after all 3 doses, in both phases) and duration of flexing and licking (200 mg/kg - p<0.001, in late phases; 250 mg/kg (p<0.001), in both phases) significantly. Additionally, thiamine lowered paw edema significantly (p<0.001) in higher 2 doses.Conclusion: This study concludes that, thiamine may have dose dependent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects.Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2016, June; 11(1): 6-12

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