A Client's Fit for Purpose Solutions in Well Abandonment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Thiam Yap ◽  
Avinash Kishore Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Well Design ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
Standards And Regulations ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Well Abandonment ◽  
Oil Company

Abstract Typically, most of the well abandonment practice is reference to the recognized industry standards i.e. NORSOK, UK Oil & Gas and etc, and this is how the wells abandonment was carried out in the past. These practices however evolved/changed over time with lessons learnt and experiences and turn into a fit for purpose solutions for the Client. The shift in international and local standards and regulations for a robust plug and abandonment approach has placed the need for a better and long lasting permanent P&A methodology. Adhering to the existing industry standards in well abandonment is somehow not practical and not cost effective to be implemented in different part of the well, where there are major differences in local regulations, reservoir conditions, caprock thickness, well design philosophy and etc. The magnitude of abandonment cost increase is not at par with the risk reduction in long term hydrocarbon leakage. A fit for purpose solutions is recommended in closing the gap between cost and risk. Due to the extremely varied well architecture between wells, the approach to permanent abandonment varies depending on casing sizes, presence of packers and no of casings present to the caprock area. On top of that, identifying the highest depth for a placement of cement plug will reduce on the amount of plugs to be placed, saving rig time and operational time. So far, 16 idle wells have since been permanently abandoned with the systematic approach of applying caprock restoration concept and reinstating the poor isolation across caprock areas with cement with the assistance of technology to the likes of perf-wash-cement, and hydro mechanical casing cutter. These wells have successfully been abandoned as per host authority standards. This paper will explore a major local oil company’ approach to decommissioning of wells, in line with local regulations enforced, while ensuring a cost effective approach is applied in line with the available technologies.

3414 Cost effective approach to patients on long term anticoagulation who need endoscopy.

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. AB86
Author(s):  
Abraham Mathew ◽  
Ann Ouyang ◽  
Thomas R. Riley ◽  
Mark Young
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Effective Approach

Dissemination of solar power plant technology for household roofs

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1915-1919
Author(s):  
Ipniansyah Ipniansyah ◽  
Verra Aullia ◽  
Toyib Toyib
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Business Groups ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Qualitative Level ◽  
Standards And Regulations

This Community Partnership Service Program (PKM) aims to provide science and technology solutions that are offered to community business groups in the Rapak Dalam Village, Loa Janan Ilir District, Samarinda City, East Kalimantan Province, namely in the form of Introduction to PLTS Roofing, Planning and Utilization of Rooftop PLTS. The method used in this PKM activity is socialization and assistance to the community. The results of achieving the targets include knowledge, understanding, and application of On Gid JTR - Rooftop PLTS, household community participation in preventing global warming, energy mix target of 23% by 2025; obtain the benefits of cost-effective PLN electricity (cheap electricity), meet human and environmental safety requirements, meet standards. The short-term category ranges from 60% to 70%, and the long-term category ranges from 90% to 99%. Components of PKM Activities and Variables Criteria for PKM Partners Business Groups as Household Consumers Using PLN Electricity and as PKM Business Groups Utilizing PLTS Roofs have been in accordance with the application of science and technology and meet applicable standards and regulations, where the qualitative level gains ranged from moderate to good, while the quantitative level is 70% to 90%.

Integrated Approach for Successful Well Abandonment Under Challenging Well Conditions – A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Islam Isgenderov ◽  
Victor Osayande ◽  
Svetlana Nafikova ◽  
Fajar Budi Prasetyo ◽  
Wouter Alexander van El
Keyword(s):  
Large Diameter ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Strategy Execution ◽  
Cement Slurry ◽  
Wellhead Pressure ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Assessment Engineering ◽  
Well Abandonment

Abstract Emerging technologies, stringent permanent well abandonment regulations, and increasing well complexity affect the way we execute well intervention operations. One of the major operators in the Netherlands had an objective to set underbalanced cement plugs in brine across a deviated section using managed-pressure equipment to overcome high reservoir bottomhole pressure. The project involved several challenges: large-diameter production casing with a requirement to maintain high shut-in wellhead pressure, complex wellbore geometry, operations from a workover rig with zero discharge allowance, corrosive salt environment, and small cement slurry volume. These challenges had to be addressed to complete well abandonment to minimize safety risks, maximize efficiency, and achieve compliance with industry standards and regulatory requirements. This paper discusses two case studies involving underbalanced pump-and-pull and conventional balanced plug placement techniques. Thorough analysis and risk assessment, engineering design approach, comprehensive laboratory testing, and fit-for-purpose surface equipment and downhole tools enabled flawless job execution and placement and achievement of long-term zonal isolation. The first well-barrier elements were successfully verified by tagging and pressure testing in both cases. Results of this study include the following observations and conclusions: Managed-pressure cementing was proven to be an ideal solution for a well abandonment in a reservoir environment of high bottomhole pressure.Highly magnesium-resistant cement slurry design should be considered when setting cement plugs across an extremely corrosive salt environment.Successful verification of the first well-barrier element simplifies operations for subsequent cement plugs. Cost-effective solutions for permanent well abandonment under challenging downhole conditions attracts increasing interest from petroleum engineers due to increasing well complexity and low oil prices that challenge the economics of wells, leading to abandonment. The current paper describes the challenging conditions under which the wells had to be abandoned, thorough analysis of the risks involved, and an effective solution. The design strategy, execution, evaluation, and results for these two wells are discussed in detail and will help to guide success and solve problems related to permanent well abandonment under similar challenging conditions.

scholarly journals The ongoing battle against COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-366
Author(s):  
Qurratulain Hyder ◽  
◽  
Khawaja Husnain Haider ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Drug Combinations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Term Management

After spillover from Wuhan (China) in December, 2019, SARS-CoV-2 related respiratory disease (COVID-19) has rapidly affected all countries. The pandemic has posed a serious threat to world health resources. At present, there is no recommended treatment or vaccine for SARS-CoV-2. However, various drug combinations are under trial. Reversion to general principles of prevention is the preferred strategy under such circumstances. We discuss the importance of wearing a face mask and present a cost-effective approach for long-term management of COVID-19.

Restored Crossings: When and Where to Apply Stream Restoration Techniques to Protect Exposed Pipelines

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Salas ◽  
Aaron Steber
Keyword(s):  
Stream Restoration ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hydraulic Pressure ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Restoration Techniques ◽  
Habitat Enhancement ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Pipe Vibration

Maintenance of existing rights-of-way often involve dealing with exposed pipelines near stream crossings. Streams often shift over time. This adjustment can lead to erosion of the streambed and streambanks, exposing pipelines or other infrastructure to threats such as hydraulic pressure, buoyancy, debris collisions, or pipe vibration and fatigue. Under these conditions, managers can be faced with relocating the pipe, performing localized streambank stabilization, or employing stream restoration techniques to provide long-term protection. When localized stabilization is the preferred approach, selection of techniques is often determined by what will protect the pipeline without consideration of the stream context surrounding it. However, due to site conditions, manager preferences, and regulatory considerations, techniques from the disciplines of stream restoration and habitat enhancement can provide cost-effective alternatives to traditional hard-armoring by concrete or stone depending on the site context. Using past experience and a series of decision analysis tools, it was determined that geomorphic context should be factored as a foremost consideration when evaluating the most stable and cost effective approach to correcting exposed pipelines. One of the most critical factors in assessing the feasibility of stabilization options is the height and orientation of exposed pipes relative to the stream’s bankfull elevation.

scholarly journals Long Term Monitoring (2014–2018) of Multi-Mycotoxins in South African Commercial Maize and Wheat with a Locally Developed and Validated LC-MS/MS Method

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannalien Meyer ◽  
Zanele Diana Skhosana ◽  
Mamsy Motlanthe ◽  
Wiana Louw ◽  
Egmont Rohwer
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Term Monitoring

Mycotoxins occur worldwide in the major grains, and producers, traders and processors are all challenged to prevent serious health problems for consumers. The challenges originate with pre-harvest fungi infections in the grain fields, increased contamination during improper storage and, finally, the mycotoxin accumulation in commercial food and feed products. Little is known about the multi-mycotoxin occurrence in maize and wheat commercially produced in South Africa. This is the first comprehensive study that reports on the multi-mycotoxin occurrence in South African produced maize and wheat crops after harvest, over four production seasons, in all the production regions of the country. The study was made possible with the development of a fit-for-purpose, cost-effective LC-MS/MS multi-mycotoxin method, validated for 13 “regulated” mycotoxins. A low mycotoxin risk was found in South African produced wheat, with only deoxynivalenol (DON) in 12.5% of the 160 samples at levels well below the 2000 µg/kg South African (SA) regulatory level. It was concluded that aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is seldom present in South African produced commercial maize. The concentrations, regional variation and seasonal trends of deoxynivalenol and fumonisins, the two most prevalent mycotoxins, and of zearalenone (ZON), are reported for white and yellow maize in all the production provinces, based on the analytical results of 1400 maize samples. A threefold to eightfold increase in deoxynivalenol mean concentrations in white maize was observed in the main production regions in the fourth season, with 8.9% samples above 2000 µg/kg. A strong correlation was found between higher deoxynivalenol concentrations and the presence of 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON). The mean fumonisin concentrations were well below the 4000 µg/kg South African regulatory value. A possible shift in the incidence and severity of mycotoxigenic Fusarium spp. in the provinces must be investigated. The variations and trends highlight the importance of a continuous monitoring of multi-mycotoxins in South Africa along the grain value chain.

scholarly journals Bioremediation Of Polluted Waters Using Nanoparticles

2022 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
M. Meenakshi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Wastewater Remediation ◽  
Plant Laboratory ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Polluted Waters

Water pollution is an issue of great concern worldwide, contamination by organic compounds, inorganic compounds and microorganisms. Bioremediation using microorganisms helps in the removal of toxic metals from the environment. The focus is on the heavy metals associated with environmental contamination, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) which are potentially hazardous to ecosystems. In the present study textile effluent was collected, and subjected to Physicochemical treatment methods , Herbal-Metal nanocomposite was prepared and used to treat textile effluents. As a bioremediation study, the plant growth potential of treated effluents was evaluated using pot studies of an aquatic plant .Laboratory and field test results confirmed superior bioremediation efficiency and long-term effect. When compared to today’s most-efficient bioremediation technologies there is an efficient, fast, safe, and inexpensive way to clean up polluted waters through acceleration of natural bioremediation process. Nanotechnology provides an economical, convenient and ecofriendly means of wastewater remediation. The results obtained in this study shall be carried out as future studies using different types and concentrations of nanoparticles for the treatment of any types of effluents causing land and water pollution. There is a growing need for the development of novel, efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective approach for the remediation of inorganic metals released into the environment and to safeguard the ecosystem. In this regard, recent advances in microbes-base heavy metal have propelled bioremediation as a prospective alternative to conventional techniques.

Combined Cycle Equipment Standardization: How Much Is Too Much?

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Fontes ◽  
Richard Casey ◽  
Robert Alder ◽  
Roger Prewitt
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Original Equipment Manufacturers

Many electric utilities in the United States are involved with construction of both combined cycle and combustion turbine generation. These utilities and the industry, as a whole, have the opportunity to carefully examine methods of equipment optimization when developing these new power stations. The Florida Municipal Power Agency (FMPA) anticipates installing at least three large combined cycle units and several smaller aero-derivative combustion turbine units within the next 15 years. As a generation owner and operator, FMPA management is examining lessons learned by other utilities, original equipment manufacturers and consulting engineers to develop a cost-effective approach to equipment standardization. This evaluation focuses on design, equipment procurement, as well as long-term operation and maintenance requirements.

Assurance of Long-Term Well Integrity in Highly Corrosive Downhole Environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Arif Khattak ◽  
Agung Arya Afrianto ◽  
Bipin Jain ◽  
Sami Rashdi ◽  
Wahshi Khalifa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Production ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Horizontal Section ◽  
Well Integrity ◽  
Well Design ◽  
Cement System ◽  
Zonal Isolation ◽  
Fit For Purpose

Abstract Portland cement is the most common cement used in oil and gas wells. However, when exposed to acid gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) under downhole wet conditions, it tends to degrade over a period of time. This paper describes the use of a proprietary novel CO2 and H2S resistant cement system to prevent degradation and provide assurance of long-term wellbore integrity. The CO2-resistant cement was selected for use in one of the fields in Sultanate of Oman after a well reported over 7% CO2 gas production resulting in well integrity failure using conventional cements. The challenge intensified when the well design was modified by combining last two sections into one long horizontal section extending up to 1,600 m. The new proposed cement system was successfully laboratory- tested in a vigorous CO2 environment for an extended period under bottomhole conditions. Besides selecting the appropriate chemistry, proper placement supported by advanced cement job simulation software is critical for achieving long-term zonal isolation. The well design called for a slim hole with 1,600 m of 4 ½-in liner in a 6-in horizontal section where equivalent circulating density (ECD) management was a major challenge. An advanced simulation software was used to optimize volumes, rheologies, pumping rates, and ECDs to achieve the desired top of cement. The study also considered a detailed torque and drag analysis in the horizontal section, and fit- for-purpose rotating-type centralizers were used to help achieve proper cement coverage. To date, this cement system has been pumped in 32 wells, including 24 with 6-in slimhole horizontal sections with no reported failures. The paper emphasizes the qualification and successful implementation of fit-for-purpose design of CO2- and H2S-resistant cement as well as optimized execution and placement procedures to achieve long-term zonal isolation and well integrity in a complex slimhole horizontal well design.

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