Doing Women's Film History

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Film History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Film Production ◽  
The Past ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
Dynamic Growth ◽  
Women's Film ◽  
The Impact

Research into and around women's participation in cinematic history is enjoying a period of dynamic growth. A broadening of scope and interests encompasses not only different kinds of filmmaking (mainstream fiction, experimental, and documentary) but also practices (publicity, journalism, distribution and exhibition) seldom explored in the past. Cutting-edge and inclusive, this book addresses women's filmmaking in Europe and the United States while also moving beyond to explore the influence of women on the cinemas of India, Chile, Turkey, Russia, and Australia. The book grapples with historiographic questions that cover film history from the pioneering era to the present day. Yet it also addresses the very mission of practicing scholarship. Chapters explore essential issues like identifying women's participation in their cinema cultures, locating previously unconsidered sources of evidence, developing methodologies and analytical concepts to reveal the impact of gender on film production, distribution and reception, and reframing women's film history to accommodate new questions and approaches.

Greening the Gulag: Austerity, neoliberalism, and the making of the “green prisoner”

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1120-1136
Author(s):  
B Jewell Bohlinger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cost Cutting ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
The Impact

Over the past 30 years the U.S. prison population has exploded. With the impact of climate change already here, we are also seeing new critiques of mass incarceration emerge, namely their environmental impact. In response to these burgeoning critiques as well as calls to action by the Justice Department to implement more sustainable and cost-effective strategies in prisons, the United States is experiencing a surge in prison sustainability programs throughout the country. Although sustainability is an important challenge facing the world, this paper argues that while “greening” programs seem like attempts to reform current methods of imprisonment, sustainability programming is an extension of the neoliberalization of incarceration in the United States. By emphasizing cost cutting while individualizing rehabilitation, prisons mobilize sustainability programming to produce “green prisoners” who are willing to take responsibility for their rehabilitation and diminish their economically burdensome behaviors (i.e. excessive wastefulness). Using semi-structure journals and interviews at three Oregon prisons, this paper investigates these ideas through the lens of the Sustainability in Prisons Project.

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie L. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Female Sexuality ◽  
Film Production ◽  
Women Directors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Moving Images ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Women's Film

This concluding chapter argues that Brazilian women's film practice retains an impulse to use moving images as a way to denounce social inequality and fight for justice. Indeed, throughout the 1990s and in recent years, one finds an increasingly intersectional approach whereby gender, and female sexuality have been studied in conjunction with age, class, race, ethnicity, and other markers of power and social exclusion. Moreover, the sociopolitical issues raised by women directors from the past find echo in current debates surrounding Brazilian women's filmmaking. As the area of Brazilian women's filmmaking receives increasing attention from academics, analysis of women's filmmaking in Brazil needs to further examine funding strategies women employ to make their films while also expanding its focus to include other arenas in film production, distribution, and exhibition in which women have been involved.

2013 Spillover Report - Analytical Underpinnings and Other Background

Policy Papers ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (60) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Import Demand ◽  
Policy Uncertainty ◽  
European Policy ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

High uncertainty in general, and high policy uncertainty more specifically, can have important impact on global investment and output growth. Much of the recent policy uncertainty emanated from the United States and Europe—the world’s two largest economies. Spillovers from policy uncertainty can occur through several channels. Trade can be affected if increased policy uncertainty adversely affects economic activity and import demand in the United States and Europe. Policy uncertainty could also raise global risk aversion, resulting in sharp corrections in financial markets and capital outflows from emerging markets. This background note attempts to quantify the impact of U.S. and European policy uncertainty on other regions. Specifically, it addresses the following questions: What do we mean by policy uncertainty? How well can we measure it? How has policy uncertainty in the United States and Europe evolved during the past several decades? And how large are the spillovers to economic activity in other regions? The analysis suggests that sharp increases in U.S. and European policy uncertainty in the past have temporarily lowered investment and output in other regions to varying degrees. It also suggests that a marked decrease in policy uncertainty in the United States and Europe in the near term could help boost global investment and output.

The Impact of Universal Suffrage: A Comparison of Popular and Property Voting

1967 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1078-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth N. Vines ◽  
Henry Robert Glick
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Democratic Institutions ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Crucial Element ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Universal Suffrage ◽  
The Impact

The attainment of universal suffrage over various forms of voting restrictions has been one of the major accomplishments in the development of modern democratic institutions. Struggles for the vote have had to overcome restrictions based on factors such as sex, race and tenure of property. While gaps in the exercise of the franchise still remain, formal restrictions on voting in the United States have been largely removed.However, an important question, largely uninvestigated, concerns the “costs” of the universal franchise in terms of the quality of government and its impact upon policy decisions. Do the disadvantages of universal suffrage offset advantages said to be gained, particularly in Western nations, such as increased legitimization of decisions and stability of regimes? Many of the past and present opponents of the extension of voting have argued that the poor results to be expected from the impact of universal suffrage far outweigh the advantages. Clearly, the problem of “costs” is important, for it is a crucial element in the argument over democracy and the vote.

Alien Nation

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Human Influence ◽  
Human Actions ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

This chapter traces the co-production of knowledge on the global migrations of biota—humans, plants, and animals—by exploring a brief biography of life in the United States over the past decade. It also emphasizes the human influence on the natural world by calling this contemporary epoch the Anthropocene, an era driven primarily by the impact of human actions. Thus, with refusing the unproductive choices of a nostalgic past or an anarchic future, this chapter turns to a naturecultural vision of responsible and ethical living with our cohabitants, a vision that is always politically astute and reflexive of the complex histories of gender, race, class, sexuality, and nation that have shaped our ideas of nature and the natural.

scholarly journals Women's Economic Advancement in the Twentieth-Century United States

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 480-486
Author(s):  
MARTHA J. BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Women's Labor ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Women’S Labor Supply

The integration of women into formal labor markets was one of the most salient changes of the twentieth century. The “female century,” in the words ofThe Economist, witnessed an extraordinary transformation of women's opportunities and outcomes both in and outside the household. My dissertation explores both the causes and the consequences of women's move from home to market in the United States during three episodes of rapid change. It begins by documenting demand-side shifts during the 1940s that increased the earnings and occupational choices of African-American women; then demonstrates the impact of contraceptive technology on the extent and intensity of women's participation in the formal labor market after 1960; and, finally, estimates the consequences of shifts in women's labor supply for the growth of earnings inequality in the United States during the 1980s.

Faculty Mentoring Programs: Reenvisioning Rather Than Reinventing the Wheel

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darlene F. Zellers ◽  
Valerie M. Howard ◽  
Maureen A. Barcic
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mentoring Programs ◽  
Faculty Mentoring ◽  
American Higher Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
Academic Cultures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Development Practice

In this review, the authors trace the evolution of mentoring programs in the United States in business and academe, provide insight on the challenges associated with the study of mentoring, and identify the limited research-based studies of faculty mentoring programs that currently inform our understanding of this professional development practice in American higher education. The findings indicate that the sophistication of research has not advanced over the past decade. However, evidence does suggest that academe should be cautious in overgeneralizing the findings of studies conducted in corporate cultures. Although mentoring is recognized to be contextual, only recently have investigators considered the impact of organizational culture on the effectiveness of corporate mentoring programs. More rigorous investigation of this practice in higher education is warranted. As more studies point to the need to foster an employment culture that supports mentoring, understanding faculty mentoring programs within the context of their academic cultures is critical.

The Fifty-Year Decline of Cancer in America

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Rodu ◽  
Philip Cole
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

PURPOSE: From 1950 to 1990, the overall cancer mortality rate increased steadily in the United States, a trend which ran counter to declining mortality from other major diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of lung cancer on all-cancer mortality over the past 50 years. METHODS: Data from the National Centers for Health Statistics were used to develop mortality rates for all forms of cancer combined, lung cancer, and other-cancer (all-cancer minus lung cancer) from 1950 to 1998. RESULTS: When lung cancer is excluded, mortality from all other forms of cancer combined declined continuously from 1950 to 1998, dropping 25% during this period. The decline in other-cancer mortality was approximately 0.4% annually from 1950 to 1990 but accelerated to 0.9% per year from 1990 to 1996 and to 2.2% per year from 1996 to 1998. CONCLUSION: The long-term decline is likely due primarily to improvements in medical care, including screening, diagnosis, and treatment.

Introduction

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan E. Leighley ◽  
Jonathan Nagler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

This introductory chapter sets out the book's purpose, which is to examine voter turnout in every U.S. presidential election from 1972 through 2008 in order to address four questions regarding the changing political context of turnout. First, how have the demographics of turnout in presidential elections changed or remained the same since 1972? Second, what have been the consequences of the broad set of election reforms designed to make registration or voting easier that have been adopted over the past several decades? Third, what is the impact of the policy choices that candidates offer voters on who votes? And fourth, is the conclusion—of the now classic study of voter turnout in the United States by Wolfinger and Rosenstone (1980)—that voters are representative of nonvoters on policy issues accurate, and therefore, who votes does not really matter? The findings on these four questions advance our understanding of turnout and its consequences for representation in fundamental ways.

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