Changes in the types of dominance of the brain hemispheres of Russian schoolchildren from 2005 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Petrovna Markova ◽  
Elizaveta Vladimirovna Ballakh
Keyword(s):  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
The Brain

Brain Tumor Detection via Asymmetry Quantification across Mid Sagittal Plane

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoaib Amin Banday ◽  
Mohammad Khalid Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
The Brain

Introduction: Brain tumor is among the major causes of morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. According to National Brain Tumor Foundation (NBTS), the death rate has nearly increased by as much as 300% over last couple of decades. Tumors can be categorized as benign (non-cancerous) and malignant (cancerous). The type of the brain tumor significantly depends on various factors like the site of its occurrence, its shape, the age of the subject etc. On the other hand, Computer Aided Detection (CAD) has been improving significantly in recent times. The concept, design and implementation of these systems ascend from fairly simple ones to computationally intense ones. For efficient and effective diagnosis and treatment plans in brain tumor studies, it is imperative that an abnormality is detected at an early stage as it provides a little more time for medical professionals to respond. The early detection of diseases has predominantly been possible because of medical imaging techniques developed from past many decades like CT, MRI, PET, SPECT, FMRI etc. The detection of brain tumors however, has always been a challenging task because of the complex structure of the brain, diverse tumor sizes and locations in the brain. Method: This paper proposes an algorithm that can detect the brain tumors in the presence of the Radio-Frequency (RF) inhomoginiety. The algorithm utilizes the Mid Sagittal Plane as a landmark point across which the asymmetry between the two brain hemispheres is estimated using various intensity and texture based parameters. Result: The results show the efficacy of the proposed method for the detection of the brain tumors with an acceptable detection rate. Conclusion: In this paper, we have calculated three textural features from the two hemispheres of the brain viz: Contrast (CON), Entropy (ENT) and Homogeneity (HOM) and three parameters viz: Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Correlation Co-efficient (CC), and Integral of Absolute Difference (IAD) from the intensity distribution profiles of the two brain hemispheres to predict any presence of the pathology. First a Mid Sagittal Plane (MSP) is obtained on the Magnetic Resonance Images that virtually divides brain into two bilaterally symmetric hemispheres. The block wise texture asymmetry is estimated for these hemispheres using the above 6 parameters.

Extrasensory Perception and the Brain Hemispheres: Where Does the Issue Stand Now?

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Extrasensory Perception ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Study of fetal and postnatal morphological development of the brain sulci

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koshiro Nishikuni ◽  
Guilherme Carvalhal Ribas
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Collateral Sulcus ◽  
Fetal Brain Development ◽  
The Brain

Object The surface of the developing fetal brain undergoes significant morphological changes during fetal growth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphological development of the brain sulci from the fetal to the early postnatal period. Methods Two hundred fourteen brain hemispheres from 107 human brain specimens were examined to evaluate the timing of sulcal formation, from its appearance to its complete development. These brains were obtained from cadavers ranging in age from 12 weeks of gestation to 8 months of postnatal life. Results The order of appearance of the cerebral sulci, and the number and percentages of specimens found in this study were as follows: longitudinal cerebral fissure at 12 weeks (10/10, 100%); callosal sulcus at 12 weeks (10/10, 100%); hippocampal sulcus at 15 weeks (7/10, 70%); lateral sulcus at 17 weeks (20/22, 90.9%); circular insular sulcus at 17 weeks (18/22, 81.8%); olfactory sulcus at 17 weeks (18/22, 81.8%); calcarine sulcus at 17 weeks (14/22, 63.6%); parietooccipital sulcus at 17 weeks (11/22, 50%); cingulate sulcus at 19 weeks (16/20, 80%); central sulcus at 21 weeks (22/38, 57.9%); orbital sulcus at 22 weeks (9/16, 56.2%); lunate sulcus at 24 ± 2 weeks (12/16, 75%); collateral sulcus at 24 ± 2 weeks (8/16, 50%); superior frontal sulcus at 25 ± 2 weeks (5/6, 83.3%); rhinal sulcus at 25 ± 2 weeks (3/6, 50%); precentral sulcus at 26 ± 3 weeks (2/4, 50%); postcentral sulcus at 26 ± 3 weeks (2/4, 50%); superior temporal sulcus at 26 ± 3 weeks (2/4, 50%); central insular sulcus at 29 ± 2 weeks (4/4, 100%); intraparietal sulcus at 29 ± 2 weeks (2/4, 50%); paraolfactory sulcus at 29 ± 2 weeks (2/4, 50%); inferior frontal sulcus at 30 ± 3 weeks (2/4, 50%); transverse occipital sulcus at 30 ± 3 weeks (2/4, 50%); occipitotemporal sulcus at 30 ± 3 weeks (2/4, 50%); marginal branch of the cingulate sulcus at 30 ± 3 weeks (2/4, 50%); paracentral sulcus at 30 ± 3 weeks (2/4, 50%); subparietal sulcus at 30 ± 3 weeks (2/4, 50%); inferior temporal sulcus at 31 ± 3 weeks (3/6, 50%); transverse temporal sulcus at 33 ± 3 weeks (6/8, 75%); and secondary sulcus at 38 ± 3 weeks (2/4, 50%). Conclusions The brain is subjected to considerable morphological changes throughout gestation. During fetal brain development the cortex begins to fold in, thereby increasing the cortical surface. All primary sulci are formed during fetal life. The appearance of each sulcus follows a characteristic timing pattern, which may be used as one of the reliable guides pertinent to gestational age and normal fetal development.

Linear Blood Velocity in Arteries of the Brain Hemispheres in Left-Handers and Right-Handers during Hypoxia

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Leutin ◽  
E. A. Pystina ◽  
S. V. Yarosh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Velocity ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Variable Anatomy of the Middle Cerebral Artery from Its Origin to the Edge of the Sylvian Fissure: A Direct Fresh Brain Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Eve M. Oo ◽  
Khin E. E. Saw ◽  
Hnin N. Oo ◽  
Thida Than ◽  
Khin Thida
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Preoperative Assessment ◽  
Main Trunk ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Study ◽  
Selection Of

The middle cerebral artery (MCA) is a major artery supplying blood to the brain and a common site of surgically treatable intracranial aneurysms. The MCA has anatomic variations that may have clinical significance. In order to investigate and document the extent of such variations, the MCA in 100 fresh brain hemispheres from 50 deceased patients, obtained from the Police Surgeon Office, Yangon General Hospital, Myanmar, was dissected and examined. Double MCA was observed in 2% of specimens. The termination patterns were bifurcation (72%), trifurcation (16%), and primary trunk (12%); early bifurcation was also observed (3%). The mean length of the main trunk (MT) was 20.6 ± 6.2 mm. The number of perforators ranged from 4 to 15 (mean = 9); most arose from the MT (96%), and the others originated at the bifurcation point (3%) and in postbifurcation divisions (1%). All of the perforators (100%) had a single branching pattern. The number of cortical branches ranged from 6 to 13 and included the orbitofrontal (98%), prefrontal (99%), precentral (95%), central (98%), temporopolar (87%), anterior temporal (89%), middle temporal (24%), posterior temporal (62%), temporo-occipital (69%), anterior parietal (88%), angular (83%), and posterior parietal (57%) arteries. Early cortical branches emerged from the MT in 52% of specimens. These data can help anatomists, radiologists, and neurosurgeons in preoperative assessment, surgical planning, and selection of surgical approach.

Problems of studying human imaginative thinking from the perspective of neuropsychology and cognitive semantics

Ergodesign ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-164
Author(s):  
Semen Yuditskiy
Keyword(s):  
Formation Energy ◽  
Integral Image ◽  
Schematic Representation ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Mental Functions ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
Imaginative Thinking ◽  
The Brain

Neuropsychological principles of brain functioning and regularities of its system functioning in the process of studying the mechanisms of formation of imaginative thinking are considered. It is shown that the interaction of the brain hemispheres determines different models of image formation. Energy-informational interaction associated with the functioning of higher mental functions is illustrated by a number of examples, including the formation of prayer and poetic images. A schematic representation of cognitive semiosis in the process of understanding the integral image as a resource of semiotic operations is presented.

LONG-TERM DYNAMIC OF ISCHEMIC LESION VOLUME AND THE BRAIN HEMISPHERES’ VOLUME IN THE MODEL OF FOCAL ISCHEMIA MODEL IN RAT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Владислав Александрович Шварц ◽  
Марина Станиславовна Кудабаева ◽  
Илья Леонидович Губский ◽  
Дарья Дмитриевна Наместникова ◽  
Марина Юрьевна Ходанович
Keyword(s):  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Focal Ischemia ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Manual Segmentation ◽  
Ischemic Lesion ◽  
Brain Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
The Brain

В исследовании изучалась динамика объема ишемического очага и объемов полушарий мозга у животных с локальной ишемией в течении 2 месяцев после ишемии при помощи ручной сегментации. Были выявлены значимые различия между объемами полушарий на 1, 3, 14, 21, 30, 42 день исследования (p<0,01-0,05),, а также резкий рост объема ишемического поражения в течение 1-3 суток, после чего его объем монотонно уменьшался. Ischemic lesion volume and the brain hemisphere volume long-term changes were evaluated during 2 month after focal ischemia in rats using manual segmentation,. Significant differences were identified between hemisphere volumes on the 1st, 3rd, 14th, 21st, 30th, 42nd day after ischemia (p<0,01-0,05). A sharp increase in volume ischemic lesion was identified from the 1st till the 3rd day, then lesion volume constantly decreased.

The olfactory memory of the honeybee Apis mellifera. III. Bilateral sensory input is necessary for induction and expression of olfactory blocking.

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (14) ◽  
pp. 2045-2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
R S Thorn ◽  
B H Smith
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Antennal Lobe ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Olfactory Memory ◽  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
The Brain

The associative learning phenomenon termed 'blocking' demonstrates that animals do not necessarily associate a conditioned stimulus (e.g. X) with reinforcement if X is coincident with a second conditioned stimulus (e.g. A) that had already been associated with the same reinforcement. Blocking therefore represents a tactic that animals can use to modulate associative learning in order to focus on the most predictive stimuli at the expense of novel ones. Using an olfactory blocking paradigm in the honeybee, we investigated the mechanistic basis for olfactory blocking. We show that removing input from one antenna eliminates the blocking of one odor by another. Since antennal sensory neurons only project to the ipsilateral antennal lobe in the honeybee, more central processing regions of the brain than the antennae must be crucial for establishing blocking. Further experiments show that this bilateral interaction between brain hemispheres is crucial during both the induction and the expression of blocking. This result implies that blocking involves an active inhibition of odor association and recall, and that this inhibition is mediated by a structure that spans both brain hemispheres. This interpretation is consistent with a role for identified bilateral modulatory neurons in the production of blocking.

Art and the brain hemispheres

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-41
Author(s):  
Anna Sheather
Keyword(s):  
Brain Hemispheres ◽  
The Brain
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