Climate classification of Abies pinsapo Boiss. forests in Southern Spain

Systematic forest networks of health monitoring have been established to follow changes in tree vigor and mortality. These networks often lack long-term growth data, but they could be complemented with tree ring data, since both defoliation and radial growth are proxies of changes in tree vigor. For instance, a severe water shortage should reduce growth and increase tree defoliation in drought-prone areas. However, the effects of climatic stress and drought on growth and defoliation could also depend on tree age. To address these issues, we compared growth and defoliation data with recent climate variability and drought severity in Abies pinsapo old and young trees sampled in Southern Spain, where a systematic health network (Andalucía Permanent Plot Network) was established. Our aims were: (i) to assess the growth sensitivity of old and young A. pinsapo trees and (ii) to test if relative changes in radial growth were related with recent defoliation, for instance, after severe droughts. We also computed the resilience indices to quantify how old and young trees recovered growth after recent droughts. Wet-cool conditions during the prior autumn and the current early summer improved the growth of old trees, whereas late-spring wet conditions enhanced the growth of young trees. Old trees were more sensitive to wet and sunny conditions in the early summer than young trees. Old and young trees were more responsive to the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index drought index of June–July and July–August calculated at short (one–three months) and mid (three–six months) time scales, respectively. Old trees presented a higher resistance to a severe drought in 1995 than young trees. A positive association was found between stand defoliation and relative growth. Combining monitoring and tree ring networks is useful for the detection of early warning signals of dieback in similar drought-prone forests.

Download Full-text

Objective climate classification of Slovenia

International Journal of Climatology ◽

10.1002/joc.5042 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

pp. 848-860 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Katja Kozjek ◽

Mojca Dolinar ◽

Gregor Skok

Keyword(s):

Climate Classification

Download Full-text

Regularities in species niches reveal the World’s climatic regions

10.1101/851030 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Joaquín Calatayud ◽

Magnus Neuman ◽

Alexis Rojas ◽

Anton Eriksson ◽

Martin Rosvall

Keyword(s):

Conservation Planning ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Climate Classification ◽

Climatic Regions ◽

Evolutionary Studies

Although classifications of the Earth’s climates date back to the ancient Greeks, the climatic regions shaping the distribution of animals remain poorly resolved. Here we present a classification of global climates based on regularities in realised niches of 3657 amphibians, 7204 reptiles, 10684 birds and 4574 mammals. We found 16 main climatic regions that are mostly consistent across groups and previous plant expert-based classifications, confirming the existence of major climatic restrictions for life. The results also suggest that differences among groups likely relate to their particular adaptations and dispersal capabilities. We further show how the integration of species niche classifications with geographical information provides valuable information on potential mechanisms shaping the climatic regions. Our climate classification has applications in several disciplines, including conservation planning and ecological and evolutionary studies.

Download Full-text

Thornthwaite climate classification of TurkeyTürkiye Thornthwaite iklim sınıflandırması

Journal of Human Sciences ◽

10.14687/jhs.v13i3.3994 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 3973 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Erkan Yılmaz ◽

İhsan Çiçek

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Potential Evaporation ◽

Grid Data ◽

Climate Classification ◽

Environmental Media ◽

Monthly Average ◽

Topographical Effects ◽

Average Precipitation ◽

Effectiveness Index

It is possible to see different climatic types together in Turkey having very different habitats, ecosystems and environmental media by the mathematical and special position where it is located in. The creation of large-scale weather maps and databases to reflect this diversity is necessary for the clarification of the elements that are affected by this diversity. This diversity could not be reflected sufficiently due to the reason that the weather maps which have been created so far today are not large-scale. In this study, it is aimed to create a map and a database concerning Turkey, which is detailed, in which the topographical effects are reflected, which shows the ecosystem differences and which is digitally accessible. For this purpose, the Thornthwaite climate classification in which the sub-climatic types can be digitally separated was preferred. First of all, the monthly average precipitation and temperature data were arranged at 805.000 points of Turkey and then this data was analyzed according to the Thornthwaite climate classification method. The results obtained were submitted as grid data at the resolution of 1 km in 4 different categories and an integrated climate class map by the combination of them. According to the results of the analysis, it was determined that there are 8 different precipitation effectiveness index classes, 8 different temperature effect index classes, 6 different drought and moistness index classes and 8 different potential evaporation index classes in Turkey. It was seen that the number of the integrated index classes created by the combination of them is 233. Accordingly, it is possible to say that there are 233 different environmental conditions in Turkey. ÖzetBulunduğu matematiksel ve özel konum itibariyle çok farklı habitat, ekosistem ve çevresel ortam barındıran Türkiye’de farklı iklim tiplerini bir arada görmek mümkündür. Bu çeşitliliği yansıtacak büyük ölçekli iklim haritalarının ve veri tabanlarının oluşturulması, bu çeşitlilikten etkilenen ögelerin açıklanması için gereklidir. Günümüze kadar yapılan iklim haritalarının büyük ölçekli olmamaları nedeniyle bu çeşitlilik yeteri kadar yansıtılamamıştır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’ye ait ayrıntılı, topografik etkilerin yansıtıldığı, ekosistem farklılıklarını gösteren ve sayısal olarak ulaşılabilecek bir harita, veri tabanını üretmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, alt iklim tiplerinin sayısal olarak ayrılabildiği Thornthwaite iklim sınıflandırması tercih edilmiştir. Önce, Türkiye’de 805.000 noktasında aylık ortalama yağış ve sıcaklık verileri düzenlenmiş, ardından bu veriler Thornthwaite iklim sınıflandırma yöntemine göre analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar 4 farklı kategoride 1 km çözünürlükte grid verisi olarak sunulmuş ve bunların birleştirilmesi ile tümleşik iklim sınıfı haritası oluşturulmuştur. Analiz sonuçlarına göre Türkiye’de 8 farklı yağış etkinlik indisi, 8 farklı sıcaklık tesiri indisi, 6 farklı kuraklık ve nemlilik indisi ve 8 farklı potansiyel buharlaşma indis sınıfının olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunların birleştirilmesi ile oluşturulan tümleşik indis sınıflarının ise 233 olduğu görülmüştür. Buna bağlı olarak Türkiye’de 233 farklı çevresel koşul olduğunu söylemek mümkündür.

Download Full-text

Temperate-like stand dynamics in relict Mediterranean-fir (Abies pinsapo, Boiss.) forests from southern Spain

Annals of Forest Science ◽

10.1051/forest/2009040 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 66 (6) ◽

pp. 610-610 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Juan C. Linares ◽

José A. Carreira

Keyword(s):

Southern Spain ◽

Stand Dynamics ◽

Abies Pinsapo

Download Full-text

Taxonomic reconsideration of the subspecific complex of Laemostenus (Antisphodrus) cazorlensis (Mateu, 1953) (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Platyninae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4801.1.7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4801 (1) ◽

pp. 151-163

Author(s):

JOSÉ MUÑOZ-SANTIAGO ◽

VICENTE M. ORTUÑO

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Morphological Study ◽

Intraspecific Variability ◽

Southern Spain ◽

Female Genitalia ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Anova Analysis ◽

Male And Female ◽

Cave Fauna

In this article we present a comparative study between the three subspecies of Laemostenus (Antisphodrus) cazorlensis (Mateu, 1953) (Coleoptera, Carabidae), a representative carabid of the cave fauna of Jaén and Albacete (southern Spain). The aim of this work was to examine the validity of the characters typically used to distinguish the subspecies L. (A.) c. cazorlensis (Mateu, 1953), L. (A.) c. divergens (Mateu, 1953) and L. (A.) c. seguranus (Vives & Vives, 1982) and check if they support the actual subspecific classification. For this purpose, a morphometric study of the pronotum and a morphological study of the male and female genitalia were carried out on 161 individuals of the three subspecies from the different geographic territories within the known distribution range of the species. An ANOVA analysis was run to support the results of the morphometric study developed with the total of studied samples. The results suggest that none of the studied characters can be used to characterize any of the subspecific taxa. Besides, the karstic profile of the ground in where this species inhabits could facilitate the genetic flow between its populations, so it is possible that they are not completely isolated. We conclude that the observable differences between individuals of Laemostenus (Antisphodrus) cazorlensis for the studied characters reflect intraspecific variability, and do not support a subspecific classification of the species. We propose the synonymization of the two non-typical subspecies of Laemostenus (Antisphodrus) cazorlensis with the typical one and, therefore, with the specific taxa.

Download Full-text