scholarly journals Biodiesel production from catfish (Pangasius) fat via ultrasound- assisted method

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Intan Shafinaz Abd Manaf ◽  
Mohd Hasbi Ab. Rahim ◽  
Gaanty Pragas Maniam
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Working Frequency ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Improve Mass Transfer

This paper reports studies in ultrasound-assisted heterogeneous solid catalyzed (CaO) synthesis of biodiesel from catfish (Pangasius) fat. Ultrasonication provides a faster chemical reaction, and the rate enhancements, refereed by cavitation that causes the building- up of pressures and temperatures, as well as increased catalytic surface areas and improve mass transfer. This novel method offers significant advantages such as shorter reaction time and less energy consumption than the conventional method, efficient molar ratio of methanol to triglycerides and provides the mechanical energy for mixing. The required activation energy for initiating the transesterification reaction and so, it gives a higher yield by transesterification of oils into biodiesel. The optimized reaction conditions were as follows: methanol to oil molar ratio of 15:1; catalyst (B-CaO), 9 wt. %; reaction temperature, 65 ± 2 °C; reaction time, 1 h at a working frequency of 42 kHz and the power supply of 100W. Highest conversion of 96.4 wt. % was achieved.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from a Novel Nonedible Feedstock, Soursop (Annona muricata L.) Seed Oil

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Hung Su ◽  
Hoang Nguyen ◽  
Uyen Pham ◽  
My Nguyen ◽  
Horng-Yi Juan
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Feedstock ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
American Society ◽  
Optimal Reaction

This study investigated the optimal reaction conditions for biodiesel production from soursop (Annona muricata) seeds. A high oil yield of 29.6% (w/w) could be obtained from soursop seeds. Oil extracted from soursop seeds was then converted into biodiesel through two-step transesterification process. A highest biodiesel yield of 97.02% was achieved under optimal acid-catalyzed esterification conditions (temperature: 65 °C, 1% H2SO4, reaction time: 90 min, and a methanol:oil molar ratio: 10:1) and optimal alkali-catalyzed transesterification conditions (temperature: 65 °C, reaction time: 30 min, 0.6% NaOH, and a methanol:oil molar ratio: 8:1). The properties of soursop biodiesel were determined and most were found to meet the European standard EN 14214 and American Society for Testing and Materials standard D6751. This study suggests that soursop seed oil is a promising biodiesel feedstock and that soursop biodiesel is a viable alternative to petrodiesel.

scholarly journals High-Quality Biodiesel Production from Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) Oil Soapstock

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Pantoja ◽  
Vanessa Mescouto ◽  
Carlos Costa ◽  
José Zamian ◽  
Geraldo Rocha Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Mauritia Flexuosa ◽  
Buriti Oil ◽  
Brazilian Standard

The buriti palm (Mauritia flexuosa) is a palm tree widely distributed throughout tropical South America. The oil extracted from the fruits of this palm tree is rich in natural antioxidants. The by-products obtained from the buriti palm have social and economic importance as well, hence the interest in adding value to the residue left from refining this oil to obtain biofuel. The process of methyl esters production from the buriti oil soapstock was optimized considering acidulation and esterification. The effect of the molar ratio of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to soapstock in the range from 0.6 to 1.0 and the reaction time (30–90 min) were analyzed. The best conditions for acidulation were molar ratio 0.8 and reaction time of 60 min. Next, the esterification of the fatty acids obtained was performed using methanol and H2SO4 as catalyst. The effects of the molar ratio (9:1–27:1), percentage of catalyst (2–6%) and reaction time (1–14 h) were investigated. The best reaction conditions were: 18:1 molar ratio, 4% catalyst and 14 h reaction time, which resulted in a yield of 92% and a conversion of 99.9%. All the key biodiesel physicochemical characterizations were within the parameters established by the Brazilian standard. The biodiesel obtained presented high ester content (96.6%) and oxidative stability (16.1 h).

Optimization of melon oil methyl ester production using response surface methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. S. Aliozo ◽  
L. N. Emembolu ◽  
O. D. Onukwuli
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Central Composite Designs ◽  
American Society

Abstract In this research work, melon oil was used as feedstock for methyl ester production. The research was aimed at optimizing the reaction conditions for methyl ester yield from the oil. Response surface methodology (RSM), based on a five level, four variable central composite designs (CCD)was used to optimize and statistically analyze the interaction effect of the process parameter during the biodiesel production processes. A total of 30 experiments were conducted to study the effect of methanol to oil molar ratio, catalyst weight, temperature and reaction time. The optimal yield of biodiesel from melon oil was found to be 94.9% under the following reaction conditions: catalyst weight - 0.8%, methanol to oil molar ratio - 6:1, temperature - 55°C and reaction time of 60mins. The quality of methyl ester produced at these conditions was within the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D6751) specification.

scholarly journals Optimization of biodiesel production from Chlorella protothecoides oil via ultrasound assisted transesterification

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didem Özçimen ◽  
Ömer Gülyurt ◽  
Benan İnan
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Chlorella Protothecoides ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

There is a growing interest in biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engines because of the high oil prices and environmental issues related to massive greenhouse gas emissions. Nowadays, microalgal biomass has become a promising biodiesel feedstock. However, traditional biodiesel production from microalgae consumes a lot of energy and solvents. It is necessary to use an alternative method that can reduce the energy and alcohol consumption and save time. In this study, biodiesel production from Chlorella protothecoides oil by ultrasound assisted transesterification was conducted and effects of reaction parameters such as methanol:oil ratio, catalyst/oil ratio and reaction time on fatty acid methyl ester yields were investigated. The transesterification reactions were carried out by using methanol as alcohol and potassium hydroxide as the catalyst. The highest methyl ester production was obtained under the conditions of 9:1 methanol/oil mole ratio, 1.5% potassium hydroxide catalyst in oil, and for reaction time of 40 min. It was also found that catalyst/oil molar ratio was the most effective parameter on methyl ester yield according to statistical data. The results showed that ultrasound-assisted transesterification may be an alternative and cost effective way to produce biodiesel efficiently.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZING REACTION CONDITIONS OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM WASTE COOKING OIL USING GREEN SOLID CATALYST

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
I Nengah Simpen ◽  
I Made Sutha Negara ◽  
Sofyan Dwi Jayanto
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
One Step

Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil in two steps reaction of esterification and transesterification is low efficient, due to twice methanol consumption and need more reaction time. Optimizing reaction conditions of CaO as a matrix of solid catalyst prepared from crab shell (green CaO) and modified by K2O/TiO2 for converting waste cooking oil to biodiesel have been carried out. Catalytic process of waste cooking oil to biodiesel took place in one step reaction of esterification and transesterification. The research result showed that optimum conditions in its one step reaction such as methanol to oil molar ratio was 9:1, amount of CaO/K2O-TiO2 catalyst to oil was 5% and reaction time of 60 minutes with biodiesel yield was 88.24%. Physical and chemical properties of biodiesel which produced from one step reaction of esterification and transesterification of waste cooking oil were suitable with Indonesian National Standard (SNI-04-7182-2006) namely density at 40oC of 850 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity at 40oC of 3.32 cSt, water content of 0.046%, iodine number of 59.25 g I2/100g and acid value of 0.29 mg KOH/g. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of biodiesel formed fatty acid methyl esters from conversion of waste cooking oil.

scholarly journals Utilization of Electric Arc Furnace Dust as a Solid Catalyst in Biodiesel Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled El-Araby Khodary ◽  
Marwa Mohamed Naeem ◽  
Mai Hassan Roushdy
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace Dust

Abstract World’s energy sources like petrochemical oils, natural gas and coal cause global warming and environmental pollution. Therefore, the traditional energy sources must be replaced by the renewable energy resources. Biodiesel has been recognized as one of the effective, green, renewable and sustainable fuels. This paper investigates the production of biodiesel from sunflower oil by using electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) as a heterogeneous solid catalyst. Four reaction variables i.e. the reaction time, methanol to oil (M:O) molar ratio, reaction temperature, and EAFD loading were chosen to determine their effect on biodiesel production. The effect of the all reaction variables on the biodiesel yield was evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM). A relation has been developed representing the biodiesel conversion as function of all the independent variables. Reaction conditions optimization have been studied for the biodiesel yield maximization and the reaction conditions minimization. The optimum biodiesel yield equals 96 % at reaction temperature of 57 o C, Methanol to oil molar ratio of 20:1, and reaction time of 1h, and EAFD loading of 5%.

Study on the Synthesis of Isoamyl Acetate Catalyzed by Strong Acidic Cation Exchange Resin

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 2411-2415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Lan ◽  
Li Hong Lan ◽  
Tao Xie ◽  
An Ping Liao
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cation Exchanger ◽  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Optimum Reaction

Isoamyl acetate was synthesized from isoamylol and glacial acetic acid with strong acidic cation exchanger as catalyst. The effects of reaction conditions such as acid-alcohol ratio, reaction time, catalyst dosage to esterification reaction have been investigated and the optimum reaction conditions can be concluded as: the molar ratio of acetic acid to isoamylol 0.8:1, reaction time 2h, 25 % of catalyst (quality of acetic acid as benchmark). The conversion rate can reach up to 75.46%. The catalytic ability didn’t reduce significantly after reusing 10 times and the results showed that the catalyst exhibited preferably catalytic activity and reusability.

Partition mechanism of adsorption and the absence of displacement phenomena in the zonal analytical chromatography of proteins on bead 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl-cellulose

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 2375-2385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gemeiner ◽  
Eva Hrabárová ◽  
Magdaléna Zacharová ◽  
Albert Breier ◽  
Milan J. Beneš
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Adsorption Mechanism ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Hydrophobic Region ◽  
Bead Cellulose ◽  
To Come

Hydrophobization of bead cellulose is described, carried out by its alkylation with 1,2-epoxy-3-phenoxypropane under the conditions of acid (perchloric acid, borontrifluoride diethyl etherate) and basic (sodium hydroxide) catalysis. Reaction conditions (temperature, reaction time, molar ratio of reactants) have been determined, allowing the hydrophobization of bead cellulose to be carried out to the largest possible extent while maintaining its spherical shape. The nonstoichiometric mechanism suggested for the adsorption of amphiphilic adsorptives on bead 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl-cellulose (HPP-C) was checked by means of adsorption of six proteins. It was found that the surface of the hydrophobic segment of the adsorbent must be sufficiently large to be able to come in touch with the hydrophobic region of the protein through its multiple residues. In such cases the partitioning of the protein between the hydrophobic segment present as a liquid-like film and the surrounding solution becomes the predominant step of the adsorption. This adsorption mechanism is also reflected in zonal chromatography on bead HPP-C, as no displacement phenomena could be observed in any of the six proteins used. Retention of these proteins has been affected to a decisive extent by the degree of hydrophobization of HPP-C.

scholarly journals Biocatalytic Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Lipase-Immobilized Carbon Nanotubes for Biodiesel Production

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihui Wang ◽  
Xinlong Liu ◽  
Yanjun Jiang ◽  
Liya Zhou ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Pickering Emulsions ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Immobilized Candida Antarctica Lipase

Biodiesel is a promising renewable energy source that can replace fossil fuel, but its production is limited by a lack of high-efficiency catalysts for mass production and popularization. In this study, we developed a biocatalytic Pickering emulsion using multiwall carbon nanotube-immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB@PE) to produce biodiesel, with J. curcas L. seed oil and methanol as substrates. The morphology of CALB@PE was characterized in detail. A central composite design of the response surface methodology (CCD-RSM) was used to study the effects of the parameters on biodiesel yield, namely the amount of J. curcas L. seed oil (1.5 g), molar ratio of methanol to oil (1:1–7:1), CALB@PE dosage (20–140 mg), temperature (30–50 °C), and reaction time (0–24 h). The experimental responses were fitted with a quadratic polynomial equation, and the optimum reaction conditions were the methanol/oil molar ratio of 4.64:1, CALB@PE dosage of 106.87 mg, and temperature of 34.9 °C, with a reaction time of 11.06 h. A yield of 95.2%, which was basically consistent with the predicted value of 95.53%, was obtained. CALB@PE could be reused up to 10 times without a substantial loss of activity. CALB@PE exhibited better reusability than that of Novozym 435 in the process of biodiesel production.

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