Water loss and canopy resistance to water flow from sunflower (Helianthus Annus L) in two different climatic environments

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-436
Author(s):  
H.P. DAS ◽  
A.K. SHARMA ◽  
A. CHOWDHURY
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Canopy Resistance ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Helianthus Annus ◽  
Daily Water

ABSTRACT. In the present paper water loss and variations in canopy resistance in sunflower during kharif and rabi have been analysed. Mean daily water loss of sunflower in rabi season is slightly less than that in kharif. The water loss falls considerably as the soil dries down. The soil water loss is found to be significantly correlated with moisture content in 0-45 cm depth soil profile. The canopy resistance is fairly low when the soil is wet but as soil dries. The resistance increases.    

scholarly journals Hydroponic systems and water management in aquaponics: a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmelo Maucieri ◽  
Carlo Nicoletto ◽  
Ranka Junge ◽  
Zala Schmautz ◽  
Paolo Sambo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Fish Tank

Aquaponics, the integrated multi-trophic fish and plants production in quasi-closed recirculating system, is one of the newest sustainable food production systems. The hydroponic component of the AP directly influences water quality (in turn influencing fish growth and health), and water consumption (through evapotranspiration) of the entire system. In order to assess the role of the design and the management of the hydroponic component on the overall performance, and water consumption of the aquaponics, 122 papers published from 1979 to 2017 were reviewed. Although no unequivocal results were found, the nutrient film technique appears in several aspects less efficient than medium-based or floating raft hydroponics. The best system performance in terms of fish and plant growth, and the highest nutrient removal from water was achieved at water flow between 0.8 L min-1 and 8.0 L min-1. Data on water consumption of aquaponics are scarce, and no correlation between the ratio of hydroponic unit surface/fish tank volume and the system water loss was found. However, daily water loss was positively correlated with the hydroponic surface/fish tank volume ratio if the same experimental conditions and/or systems were compared. The plant species grown in hydroponics influenced the daily water loss in aquaponics, whereas no effect was exerted by the water flow (reciprocating flood/drain cycle or constant flow) or type (medium-based, floating or nutrient film technique) of hydroponics.

Water balance and irrigation planning in a forest tree nursery

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-579
Author(s):  
Marcel Prévost ◽  
Jean Stein ◽  
André P. Plamondon
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Irrigation Planning ◽  
Tree Nursery ◽  
Soil Water Tension ◽  
Water Tension

A soil water budget was established to estimate the water loss from the 0- to 60-cm layer as a result of evapotranspiration in a forest tree nursery. Estimated evapotranspiration totaled 69% of potential evapotranspiration (as estimated by the Penman equation) for 36 selected periods from May 15 to July 30, 1975. The root zone (0- to 15-cm layer) supplied 58% of the total evapotranspired water from the soil profile. Evapotranspiration from this layer was found to be a good predictor of total water loss. Evapotranspiration from the root zone, expressed as a percentage of potential evapotranspiration, was related to soil water tension at 3 cm depth. This relationship, combined with a knowledge of soil hydrodynamic properties, can be used to estimate evapotranspiration from the 0- to 60-cm soil profile, which in turn can be used to predict irrigation needs. For practical purposes, a relationship using net radiation instead of potential evapotranspiration can also be used. Depending on the available information, either of these two relationships may be used for irrigation planning.

scholarly journals Soil Hydrothermal Characteristics among Three Typical Vegetation Types: An Eco-Hydrological Analysis in the Qilian Mountains, China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1277
Author(s):  
Jian Hu ◽  
Da Lü ◽  
Feixiang Sun ◽  
Yihe Lü ◽  
Youjun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Vegetation Pattern ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Daily Average

Soil moisture is a central theme in eco-hydrology. Topography, soil characteristics, and vegetation types are significant factors impacting soil moisture dynamics. However, water loss (evapotranspiration and leakage) and its factors of the self-organized vegetation pattern are not clear, which has significant ecologic functions and contributes to different hydrological ecosystem services. From an eco-hydrological point of view, we relied on the observation of rainfall, soil moisture, and soil temperature in the growing season of a drought year to compare soil moisture and temperature dynamics in terms of frequency/probability distribution and water loss among three typical vegetation types in the Qilian Mountains, China. The results indicated that shrubland (the semi-shaded slope) had the highest average soil moisture at the surface soil (0–40 cm) and soil profile during the growing season, while grassland (the south-facing slope) had the lowest daily average soil moisture and highest daily average soil temperature at the surface soil and soil profile. Spruce forest (the shaded slope) had the lowest daily average soil temperature at the surface soil and soil profile (p < 0.001). Water loss among the three vegetation types has a clear positive relationship with soil water content and a negative relationship with soil temperature. The values of water loss between values of water loss at the wilting point and maximum evapotranspiration point tend to occur in wetter soil moisture under the spruce forest and shrubland, whereas that of grassland emerges in drier soil moisture. The spruce forest and shrubland experienced higher water loss than the grassland. Although the spruce forest and shrubland had a better capacity to retain soil water, they also consumed more soil water than the grassland. Soil moisture may be the main factor controlling the difference in water loss among the three vegetation types. These findings may contribute to improving our understanding of the relationship between the soil moisture dynamics and vegetation pattern, and may offer basic insights for ecosystem management for upstream water-controlled mountainous areas.

scholarly journals The hydrological responses of different land cover types in a re-vegetation catchment area of the Loess Plateau, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 5809-5835 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wang ◽  
B. J. Fu ◽  
G. Y. Gao ◽  
J. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
The Other ◽  
Land Cover Type ◽  
Land Cover Types ◽  
Cover Type ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The impact of re-vegetation on soil moisture dynamics was investigated by comparing five land cover types. Soil moisture and temperature variations under grass (Andropogon), subshrub (Artemisia scoparia), shrub (Spiraea pubescens), tree (Robinia pseudoacacia), and crop (Zea mays) vegetation were monitored in an experiment performed during the growing season of 2011. There were more than 10 soil moisture pulses during the period of data collection, and the surface soil moisture of all of the land cover types showed an increasing trend. Corn cover was associated with consistently higher soil moisture readings than the other surfaces. Grass and subshrubs showed an intermediate moisture level, with that of grass being slightly higher than that of subshrub most of the time. Shrubs and trees were characterized by lower soil moisture readings, with the shrub levels consistently being slightly higher than those of the trees. With the exception of the corn land cover type, the average soil temperature showed the same regime as the average moisture content, but exhibiting a downward trend throughout the observation period. Three typical decreasing periods were chosen to compare the differences in water losses. In periods of both relatively lower and higher water soil moisture contents, subshrubs lost the largest amount of water. The daily water loss associated with corn was most variable. The tree and shrub sites presented an intermediate level, with that of tree being slightly higher compared to shrub; the daily water loss trends of these two land cover types were similar and were more stable than those of the other types. The amount of water loss related to the grass land cover type is determined by the initial moisture content. Soil under subshrubs acquired and retained soil moisture resources more efficiently than the other cover types, representing an adaptive vegetation type in this area.

scholarly journals Soil water flow due to surface topography in research drainage plots

age ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Logsdon ◽  
Cindy Cambardella
Keyword(s):  
Surface Topography ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Soil Water Flow
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