scholarly journals Crop-coefficients of tomato as derived using monolithic weighing type lysimeter in mid hill region of Meghalaya

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-732
Author(s):  
MOUTUSI TAHASHILDAR ◽  
PRADIP K. BORA ◽  
LALA I. P. RAY ◽  
VISHRAM RAM
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stages ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Scatter Plot ◽  
Radiation Method ◽  
Hill Region ◽  
Weather Parameters ◽  
Hargreaves Equation ◽  
Crop Coefficients ◽  
Accuracy Of Prediction ◽  
Paired T Test

Crop coefficients (kc) was determined for tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) with the help of UMS-GmBH cylindrical field lysimeter of 30 cm diameter and 120 cm deep and Penman-Monteith FAO-56 model. Eight other models viz. Modified Penman Method, Hargreaves equation, Samani-Hargreaves equation, Thornthwaite equation, Solar Radiation Method, Net Radiation Method, Blaney-Criddle Method and Radiation Method were also used for estimation of ET0­ and compared with Penman-Monteith model to find out the accuracy of prediction with limited weather parameters. Scatter plot and paired t-test were used for comparison. Out of all these models, Blaney-Criddle method, Solar and Net Radiation method were found to yield similar results as given by Penman-Monteith model. The values of crop evapo-transpiration (ETc) were varying from 2.54 mm d-1 to 6.70 mm d-1. The crop-coefficients (kc) for three growth stages of tomato viz., initial, mid and maturity were found to be 0.55, 1.07 and 0.78, respectively.

scholarly journals Actual evapotranspiration and crop coefficients of irrigated lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) under semiarid climate

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Koffi Djaman ◽  
Daran R. Rudnick ◽  
Yonnelle D. Moukoumbi ◽  
Abdoulaye Sow ◽  
Suat Irmak
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Senegal River ◽  
Crop Coefficients

Lowland irrigated rice is the predominant crop produced in the Senegal River Valley characterised by very low annual rainfall, high temperatures, and low relative humidity. The Senegal River is shared by Senegal, Mali, Mauritania, and Guinea, and serves as the main source of irrigation water for the adopted double rice cropping system. Developing appropriate resource management strategies might be the key factor for the sustainability of rice production in the region. This study aims to estimate rice seasonal evapotranspiration (ETa), irrigation water requirement, and to develop rice growth stage specific crop coefficients (Kc) to improve rice water productivity. Field experiments were conducted during the hot and dry seasons in 2014 and 2015 at the AfricaRice research station at Fanaye in Senegal. Irrigation water inputs were monitored and actual crop evapotranspiration was derived using the water balance method. Daily reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated using the Penman-Monteith equation and the weather variables were collected at the site by an automated weather station. The results showed that the ETo during the hot and dry season from February 15th to June 30th varied from 4.5 to 9.9 mm and from 3.7 to 10.8 mm in 2014 and 2015, respectively, and averaged 6.8 mm d–1 in 2014 and 6.6 mm d–1 in 2015. The seasonal irrigation water amount for the transplanted rice was 1110 mm in 2014 and 1095 mm in 2015. Rice daily ETa varied from 4.7 to 10.5 mm in 2014 and from 4.4 to 10.5 mm in 2015 and averaged 8.17 mm in 2014 and 8.14 mm in 2015. Rice seasonal ETa was 841.5 mm in 2014 and 855.4 mm in 2015. The derived rice Kc values varied from 0.77 to 1.51 in 2014 and 0.85 to 1.50 in 2015. Rice Kc values averaged 1.01, 1.31, and 1.12 for the crop development, mid-season and late season growth stages, respectively. The Kc values developed in this study could be used for water management under rice production during the hot and dry season in the Senegal River Valley.

scholarly journals Modelling Irrigation Water Requirements at Physiological Growth Stages of Okra Life Cycle Using CROPWAT Model for Derived Savannah and Humid Forest Zones of Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
OrevaOghene Aliku ◽  
Suarau Odutola Oshunsanya
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Irrigation Water Requirement ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Humid Forest ◽  
Weather Parameters ◽  
Accurate Quantification

Abstract Accurate quantification of irrigation water requirement at different physiological growth stages of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) life cycle is important to prevent over or under irrigation. Field experiments were therefore initiated to model okra irrigation water requirements at the four physiological growth stages of okra life cycle using CROPWAT model. Derived savannah 1 (DS1), derived savannah 2 (DS2) and humid forest (HF) occupying 493.36 ha, 69.83 ha and 305.25 ha respectively were used. Some selected soil physical properties coupled with weather parameters were used to develop irrigation water requirements for okra crop. In DS1, the estimated crop co-efficient (Kc) values were 0.30, 0.52, 0.84 and 0.70 for the germination, crop growth, flowering and fruiting stages, respectively. Corresponding Kc values in DS2 were 0.30, 0.54, 0.90 and 0.84 and in the HF were 0.30, 0.56, 0.87 and 0.86 respectively. Daily crop evapo-transpiration values ranged from 1.16 to 3.36, 1.17 to 3.64, and 1.2 to 3.38 mm day-1 for DS1, DS2 and HF respectively with significant (p = 0.05) peak at the flowering stage for the three locations. Sustainable okra cultivation would require maximum daily irrigation water at flowering stage (reproductive phase) to meet the crop physiological needs and evapo-transpiration demand of the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Validation of Crop Coefficients and Water Requirement of Maize Crop in the Temperate Climatic Region of India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 5132-5138
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Balance Method ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Water Balance Method ◽  
Crop Coefficients

The field study was conducted on Lysimeter by employing the soil water balance method to compute the water requirement and Crop coefficient of Maize in the temperate climatic zone of India. Non-weighing type lysimeters (drainage type) of 2 × 1.5 × 2 m was installed to compute the irrigation requirement, actual crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and actual crop coefficient of maize by water balance method. The water requirement of maize was found 410.4 mm using lysimeter data. The mean daily reference evapotranspiration (ETo) of maize ranged from 0.91 mm/day in the starting growth period to 5.29 mm/day at midseason. The peak ETo of Maize was found 6.3mm/day. The computed crop coefficient (Kc) values of Maize for diffrent crop growth stages were 0.53 for intial, 0.93 for development , 1.05 for mid-season, and 0.78 for late season .A Correlation was also established between Penman-Monteith (P-M) and four other reference Evapotranspiration methods.

scholarly journals Population dynamics of stem fly and defoliator pests of soybean and their natural enemies in relation to weather parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (AAEBSSD) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
R. Bala Muralidhar Naik ◽  
K. Vijaya Lakshmi ◽  
M. Venkataiah ◽  
C. Srinivas ◽  
G. Uma Devi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Lepidopteran Insect ◽  
Weather Parameters ◽  
Lepidopteran Pest ◽  
Tobacco Caterpillar

The field experiment was carried out at Polasa Farm, Regional agricultural research station Jagtial during the Kharif, 2014-15 and 2015-16. Study about pre dominant lepidopteran insect –pests in soybean crop noticed that the tobacco cut worm, (Spodptera exigua Hubner), green semi looper(Crysodexis acuta Walker), and tobacco caterpillar (Spodoptera litura Fab) along with stemfly, (Melanagromyza obtusa Zehnter) as non lepidopteran pest were noticed at various growth stages of cropgrowth. The peak activity of stem fly (37.84%) was observed during 37th standard week per meter row) for the year 2014 and for the year 2015 to a maximum infestation of 35.70 per cent during 30th std.week. The peak activity of caterpillar pests i.e., S. litura (7.6 larvae per meter row) for the year 2014 was observed during 34th std.week and for the year 2015 (12.4 per meter row during 36th std.week and C. acuta (0.7 larvae per meter row) during 36th std. week for the year 2014 and for the year 2015 (2.20 larvae/mrl on 37th std week. S. exigua (1.6 larvae per meter row) for both the years 2014 and 2015 was observed during 32th std.week Among the natural enemies, one predators namely, spiders (Oxyopes sp. was observed to prey on the insect pests.The biocontrol agent’s one species, lynx spider, Oxyopes sp. population recorded on the crop during Kharif , 2014 ranged from 0.15 to 0.40 /mrl and 0.15 to 0.60/ mrl during Kharif, 2015.

scholarly journals Study of energy balance components at different growth stages of green gram grown in new alluvial zone of West Bengal

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-320
Author(s):  
MONDAL SOUMEN ◽  
BANERJEE SAON ◽  
CHAKRABORTY SHAON ◽  
SAHA SALIL ◽  
MUKHERJEE ASIS
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Bowen Ratio ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Ground Heat Flux

An experiment was conducted in the experimental farm of Bidhan Chandra KrishiViswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal to study the radiation pattern and its balance over green gram (Vignaradiata var. Samrat). The BREB method was used to determine the sensible heat flux and latent energy. The net radiation was measured through net radiometer and the ground heat flux was measured using Fourier's law. Both the diurnal and seasonal variation of net radiation were studied. Similarly, the energy balance components were studied regularly for different crop growth stages as well as on diurnal basis. It is observed that the net radiation varies from 6.32 Wm-2 to 606.43 Wm-2. The latent heat flux constitutes more than 50% of the net radiation for all growth stages as depicted by energy balance partitioning. The sensible heat flux is partitioned into 10% to 20% of total net radiation throughout the growth stages of green gram, which is the lowest in magnitude among all three energy fluxes. The relationship between Bowen ratio and Vapour pressure deficit (VPD), Bowen ratio and Canopy air temperature difference (CATD) was studied. It was found that Bowen ratio is negatively correlated with VPD but positively correlated with CATD. This study enables to monitor ET pattern through latent heat flux and microclimatic characteristics through sensible and ground heat flux.

scholarly journals Effect of Lockdown amid COVID-19 Pandemic on Weather Parameters of Mid Hill Region of Jammu District of J&K, UT

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-77
Author(s):  
Mahinder Singh ◽  
Vishaw Vikas ◽  
Charu Sharma ◽  
Rohit Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Hill Region ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
Weather Parameters ◽  
The Impact

Aim: A study was conducted in mid hill region of Jammu district, J&K to analyze the impact lockdown amid covid-19 pandemic on weather parameters so as to define it as a tool to mitigate the pace of climate change. Methodology: Day and night temperature readings were recorded fortnightly during 22nd March to 10th June 2020 from maximum and minimum thermometer, relative humidity from dry and wet bulb thermometers in stevenson screen, rainfall values from ordinary rain gauge,  evaporation readings from pan evaporimeter and soil temperature at different depth from soil thermometers. Results: After analyzing the data statistically using “Descriptive statistics” in MS-Excel 2010, it was observed that after the implementation of lockdown and with the beginning of unlock down the change in day temperature was -8.07% from normal mean value, night temperature was -4.44% from normal mean value, rainfall pattern was 30.00% more from normal mean value, Relative Humidity (morning) pattern was 6.94% more from normal mean value, relative humidity (evening) pattern was 20.94% more from normal mean value, evaporation pattern was 7.66% more from normal mean value. The average change in soil temperature in morning at 5 cm, 10 cm and 20 cm depth was -3.46%, -3.84% and -7.23% as compared to year 2019 (22nd March to 10th June 2019) mean value and the change in soil temperature in evening at same depths was -7.69%, -6.31% and -4.14% from year 2019 (22nd March to 10th June 2019). Conclusion: With the variable significant pattern observed in almost all parameters, it can be concluded that lockdown might be an effective tool in mitigating pace of climate change in future.

Estimation of Site-specific Crop Coefficients for Major Crops of Lalgudi Block in Tamil Nadu using Remote Sensing based Algorithms

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
J Ramachandran ◽  
R Lalitha ◽  
S. Vallal Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Crop Coefficients

Crop coefficient (Kc ) is an important parameter in estimating the crop water requirements during different crop growth stages. The Kc values for a particular crop are highly site and region-specific and need to be precisely determined for each agro-climatic region for better irrigation scheduling and improved water and crop productivity. The site-specific crop coefficients for paddy, sugarcane, and banana cultivated in Lalgudi block, Tiruchirapalli District, Tamil Nadu, India, were estimated using two remote sensing-based methods viz. NDVI-Kc linear regression technique and SEBAL actual evapotranspiration to reference evapotranspiration ratio approach (SEBAL-Kc ). The Kc values obtained by remote sensing methods were compared with FAO-56 Adjusted Kc (ClimAdj-Kc ) for local climatic conditions and FAO-56 tabulated reference Kc values (FAOTab-Kc ). Regression analysis revealed a good agreement between NDVI-Kc and ClimAdj-Kc for paddy (R2 =0.95), banana (R2 =0.93), and sugarcane (R2 =0.79). Compared to FAO56-Kc, the derived Kc values using NDVI-Kc were higher, while the SEBAL-Kc values were lower for all growth stages of paddy. For sugarcane crops, the FAO-56 Kc, NDVI-Kc, and ClimAdj-Kc for local climate were almost similar in all stages. In the case of bananas, NDVI-Kc and SEBAL-Kc were higher as compared to the FAO-56-Kc and ClimAdj-Kc. SEBAL approach performs well as it accounted for local climatic conditions and crop canopy changes, whereas NDVI considered only crop canopy. However, the SEBAL method is computationally intensive as compared to the NDVI-Kc method. The Kc values estimated in this study can be important in quantifying the crop evapotranspiration at regional and field scales, leading to better decision-making in irrigation scheduling.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Effect of Lockdown on Weather Parameters Amid COVID-19 Pandemic of Mid Hill Region of Rajouri District of Jammu & Kashmir, Union Territory, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-153
Author(s):  
Rohit Sharma ◽  
Vishaw Vikas ◽  
Mahender Singh ◽  
Manish Kr. Sharma ◽  
Narinder Panotra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Hill Region ◽  
Average Change ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
Weather Parameters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Union Territory

A study was conducted in mid hill region of Rajouri district, J&K, India to analyze the impact lockdown amid covid-19 pandemic on weather parameters. Day and night temperature readings were recorded fortnightly from 1st March to 30th June 2020 from maximum and minimum thermometer, rainfall values from ordinary rain gauge,  and soil temperature at different depth from soil thermometers and values were compared with data from 2017-2019 and normal. After analyzing the data statistically using “Descriptive statistics” in MS-Excel 2010, it was observed that within the period of lockdown, the change in day temperature was -6.66% from normal mean value, however night temperature was least affected as it changes 10.33% and rainfall pattern was 19.27% more from normal mean value. The average change in soil temperature in morning at 5 cm, 10 cm and 20 cm depth in lockdown was -4.65%, 3.74% and 2.65% as compared to year 2019 (1st March to 30th June) mean value and the change in soil temperature in evening at same depths was -5.14%, -11.30% and 0.3% from year 2019 (1st March to 30th June) depicting a slow change in values. With the significant sustainable pattern observed in day and soil temperature parameters and rainfall it can be concluded that lockdown might be an effective tool in reducing speed of climate change in future.

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